https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&feed=atom&action=historyEffects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins - Revision history2024-03-29T06:34:00ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.31.7https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=76101&oldid=prevDronkers J at 16:23, 5 November 20192019-11-05T16:23:14Z<p></p>
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</table>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=57109&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:35, 13 March 20132013-03-13T09:35:13Z<p></p>
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</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31516&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:31, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:31:45Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:31, 23 July 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l16" >Line 16:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher than those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher than those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also </del>different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since these concentrations occur in heavily polluted area's, or could occur after accidental major spills, heavy metals could in some area's impair the development of this sea urchin.  <ref name="Pub">[http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=120715 Warnau, M.; Iaccarino, M.; De Biase, A.; Temara, A.; Jangoux, M.; Dubois, Ph.; Pagano, G. (1996). Spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity of heavy metals in the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15(11): 1931-1936]</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since these concentrations occur in heavily polluted area's, or could occur after accidental major spills, heavy metals could in some area's impair the development of this sea urchin.  <ref name="Pub">[http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=120715 Warnau, M.; Iaccarino, M.; De Biase, A.; Temara, A.; Jangoux, M.; Dubois, Ph.; Pagano, G. (1996). Spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity of heavy metals in the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15(11): 1931-1936]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31515&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:30, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:30:34Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">then </del>those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">than </ins>those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
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</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31514&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:29, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:29:52Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup> [[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[[Molarity|M]]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
<!-- diff cache key wiki:diff::1.12:old-31513:rev-31514 -->
</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31513&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:29, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:29:38Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:29, 23 July 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration </del>M]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup> [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Molarity|</ins>M<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
<!-- diff cache key wiki:diff::1.12:old-31511:rev-31513 -->
</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31511&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:27, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:27:55Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:27, 23 July 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>M) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration </ins>M<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>) were necessary to obtain the same results, than of Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
<!-- diff cache key wiki:diff::1.12:old-31510:rev-31511 -->
</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31510&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:26, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:26:10Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:26, 23 July 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>M) were necessary to obtain the same results, than <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </del>Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>M) were necessary to obtain the same results, than <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </ins>Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
<!-- diff cache key wiki:diff::1.12:old-31509:rev-31510 -->
</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31509&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:25, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:25:48Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:25, 23 July 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>M) were necessary to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cause </del>the same results, than from Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Exposure of the sea urchin sperm to high concentrations of the 4 heavy metals affected their fertility. Lower concentrations of Hg (10<sup>-7</sup>M) were necessary to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtain </ins>the same results, than from Ag or Cu (both 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Even higher concentrations of Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M) were needed to affect the sea urchin's sperm cells. The offspring that did develop out of exposed sperm cells didn't display any abnormalities. These concentrations are much higher then those commonly reported from the North Sea, but they do occur in heavily polluted area's in the Mediterranean. However, in the experiment the sperm cells were exposed for periods of 30 min, while in natural conditions they are only for 5 minutes in free water before fertilization. Therefore, this experiment doesn't allow conclusions for natural conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lowest concentrations that proved toxic for the larvae were 100 times lower for Hg, Ag and Cu (10-<sup>-7</sup>M, 2.5*10-<sup>-7</sup>M and 5*10<sup>-7</sup>M respectively) than for Cd (10<sup>-5</sup>M). Each metal induced also different development defects in the larvae. The severity of these development defects depended on the concentration of the heavy metal they were exposed to.  </div></td></tr>
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</table>Daphnisdhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_heavy_metals_on_the_sperm_quality_and_the_larvae_survival_of_sea_urchins&diff=31508&oldid=prevDaphnisd at 09:25, 23 July 20092009-07-23T09:25:21Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:25, 23 July 2009</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Content of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Content of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The study aimed to determine the toxicity of 4 heavy metals ([[mercury]] (Hg), [[copper]] (Cu), silver (Ag), and [[cadmium]] (Cd)) on the fertilization and the early development of this sea urchin.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The study aimed to determine the toxicity of 4 heavy metals ([[mercury]] (Hg), [[copper]] (Cu), silver (Ag), and [[cadmium]] (Cd))<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>on the fertilization and the early development of this sea urchin.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><u>'''Main results of the study'''</u></div></td></tr>
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</table>Daphnisd