Difference between revisions of "Glyphosate"

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(New page: Introduced in 1973. Today it is used in Roundup WeatherMax, Roundup UltraMax and other non selective herbicides. is among the worlds most widely used herbicides, Used in 130 countries for ...)
 
 
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Introduced in 1973. Today it is used in Roundup WeatherMax, Roundup UltraMax and other non selective herbicides. is among the worlds most widely used herbicides, Used in 130 countries for weed control in more than 100 crops
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{{tocright}}
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{{Definition|title=glyphosate
  
The technical isopropylamine salt (IPA) is
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|definition=Glyphosate was first used as a herbicide in 1973. It's one of the world's most widely used herbicides and is used in 130 countries for the weed control of more than 100 crops<ref name=wiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate Wikipedia Glyphosate]</ref>. It occurs as a white crystalline solid<ref name="Epa">[https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/0178fact.pdf Registration Eligibility Decision for Glyphosate ]</ref>.}}
a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 200EC and a bulk density of 1.74
 
lb/ft3. It is 1% soluble in water at 25EC and insoluble in ethanol, acetone, or
 
benzene. The technical sodium salt is a white crystalline solid which decomposes
 
at 140EC with a bulk density of 30 lb/ft3.
 
  
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== Notes ==
  
The isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, the active ingredient in 53 of these registrations, is used as
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{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
a herbicide to control a number of broadleaf weeds and grasses. The principal food use sites
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! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Glyphosate
include corn, wheat, sorghum, citrus and stone fruits, potatoes and onions, asparagus, coffee,
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|-
peanuts, and pineapples. There are also a number of non-food use sites including
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| align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:Glyphosate.png|200px|Glyphosate ]]
ornamental, turf, forestry, and industrial rights-of-way.
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|-
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! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula
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|-
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| align="center" | C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P
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|-
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|}
  
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The glyphosate is used as a herbicide to control a number of broadleaf weeds and grasses. The principal food use sites include corn, wheat, sorghum, citrus and stone fruits, potatoes and onions, asparagus, coffee, peanuts, and pineapples. There are also a number of non-food use sites including ornamental, turf, forestry, and industrial rights-of-way (rail road tracks)<ref name="Epa"/>.
  
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Although it is rather soluble in water (11,6 g/l), in application sites, glyphosate [[adsorption|adsorbs]] to soils and should stay in the top 15 cm. This reduces its exposure to surface waters and the marine environment. Glyphosate is a rather unstable molecule that can be biodegraded. In most environments, its [[half-life]] is less than 30 days, although in some cases it takes up to 174 days to half its environmental concentration. Glyphosate is usually biodegraded to [[AMPA]]<ref name=wiki/>
  
It is a rather stable molecule but can be easily biodegraded. In most environments, it takes less than 30 days to halve its concentration. The mayor metabolite is [[AMPA]]
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Glyphosate doesn't have a tendency to [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulate]] or [[biomagnification|biomagnify]]<ref name="Epa"/>.
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Concentrations of 10µg/l might cause acute [[toxic|toxicity]] in one water flea [[species]], while other [[zooplankton]] species can tolerate short exposure to glyphosate concentrations of 25 mg/l<ref>[http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAll.jsp?Rec_Id=PRI3454&Taxa_Group=Zooplankton www.pesticideinfo.org zooplankton]</ref>. Concentrations which cause acute toxicity in [[pollution and benthic fishes|fish]] range from 5 mg/l to 19 g/l, depending on the species<ref>[http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAll.jsp?Rec_Id=PRI3454&Taxa_Group=Fish www.pesticideinfo.org fish]</ref>
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== Environmental standards and legislation ==
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[[List of priority substances|Included in the water framework list of priority substances]]
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==References==
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<references/>
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{{author
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|AuthorID=19826
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|AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter
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|AuthorName=Daphnisd}}
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[[Category:Toxicity chemicals]]

Latest revision as of 12:01, 21 September 2020

Definition of glyphosate:
Glyphosate was first used as a herbicide in 1973. It's one of the world's most widely used herbicides and is used in 130 countries for the weed control of more than 100 crops[1]. It occurs as a white crystalline solid[2].
This is the common definition for glyphosate, other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

Glyphosate
Glyphosate
Formula
C3H8NO5P

The glyphosate is used as a herbicide to control a number of broadleaf weeds and grasses. The principal food use sites include corn, wheat, sorghum, citrus and stone fruits, potatoes and onions, asparagus, coffee, peanuts, and pineapples. There are also a number of non-food use sites including ornamental, turf, forestry, and industrial rights-of-way (rail road tracks)[2].

Although it is rather soluble in water (11,6 g/l), in application sites, glyphosate adsorbs to soils and should stay in the top 15 cm. This reduces its exposure to surface waters and the marine environment. Glyphosate is a rather unstable molecule that can be biodegraded. In most environments, its half-life is less than 30 days, although in some cases it takes up to 174 days to half its environmental concentration. Glyphosate is usually biodegraded to AMPA[1]

Glyphosate doesn't have a tendency to bioaccumulate or biomagnify[2].

Concentrations of 10µg/l might cause acute toxicity in one water flea species, while other zooplankton species can tolerate short exposure to glyphosate concentrations of 25 mg/l[3]. Concentrations which cause acute toxicity in fish range from 5 mg/l to 19 g/l, depending on the species[4]


Environmental standards and legislation

Included in the water framework list of priority substances


References

The main author of this article is Daphnis De Pooter
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.

Citation: Daphnis De Pooter (2020): Glyphosate. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Glyphosate [accessed on 26-04-2024]