Property:Definition
From Coastal Wiki
This is a property of type Text. It links to pages that use the form MstConcept.
P
In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors. +
Unknown mechanisms of introduction were represented by a blank cell. +
One of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). +
A late veliger that is able to use its foot to crawl and provide temporary attachment +
Pertaining to the water column. Inhabiting the open sea, excluding the sea floor (rephrased from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
The secondary free-swimming larva in Sipunculida, that develops from a non-feeding trochophore (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). +
Brush like (Prescott ,1969). +
Capable of producing both ova and spermatozoa either at the same time (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
Engulfing prey/food item in cytoplasm +
composed of phosphoric acid or phosphates. +
An organism that obtains metabolic energy from light by a photochemical process such as photosynthesis (e.g. seaweeds, phytoplankton) (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Coastal geomorphology and physical features. +
Seabirds/wader +
Specialist - modified radula used to inject toxins, e.g. cone shells +
Free-swimming, helmet-shaped, larva of nemerteans (ribbon worms) with an apical tuft, apical sensory organs, oral lobes and oral ciliated band (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996). +
Branching like a feather – an elongate main axis with lateral branches or lobes (Prescott, 1969). +
Branched tentacles, used as filtration mechanism +
Living in the fluid medium (water or air) but unable to maintain their position or distribution independently of the movement of the water/air mass (adapted from Lincoln <i>et al.</i>, 1998). +
Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV +
Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
This refers to invasive plant species which are unintentionally introduced into a new area/region carried on or with the habitat material of some intentionally planted flora. +
This refers to plant species which are planted intentionally for some purpose resulting in the introduction of an invasive plant into a new area/region (e.g. for erosion control). +
A ciliated, free swimming larva; lacks a mouth but in older stages may include a gastrovascular cavity (Stachowitsch, 1992) +
Living permanently at the water surface due to their own buoyancy, normally positioned partly in the water and partly in the air. +
Transfer of male gametophyte (pollen) to the 'female' part of a flower +
18-<30 psu (included under MNCR Reduced, 18-30 psu) +
An ambush predator that uses a sudden, rapid movement to 'pounce on, grab or swallow' its prey once the prey in within short range. +
Predatory behaviour in which one animal species captures a member of another species (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). OR mobile animals that attack kill and consume individual prey items, usually one at a time. +
Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option. +
Common in OSPAR Regions II, III +
A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where male gametes mature and are shed before female gametes mature (Holmes, 1979). +
A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where female gametes mature and are shed before male gametes mature (Holmes 1979). +
Larval pycnogonid that bears three pairs of appendages, the chelicerae, palps and ovigerous legs (Ruppert & Barnes, 1996). +
Third larval stage in Decapoda, characterized by antennal locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992) +
Males develop from diploid fertilized eggs but subsequently eliminate or silence the paternal genome +
An organism that hunts in a team, pack, pod, flock, swarm etc +
An organism that chases after, catches and subdues mobile prey (e.g. predatory polychaetes, squid, fish, otter, seal, seabirds) +
Q
Body size measured in terms of mega, macro, meio/meso and micro. +
Body size measured in numerical values. +
R
Symmetrical about any plane passed perpendicular to the oral/aboral axis (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
Specialist - protrusile anterior region of digestive tract; refers to chitinized teeth along the radular membrane (Stachowitsch, 1992). +
A species which is present at low or relatively low densities; used to describe single occurrences of the species where appropriate. +
A species which is found in relatively low to moderate densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). +
A species which is fluctuates between relatively low to high densities (accounts for such phenomena as population explosions). +
A later larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with a disc-shaped float, and an elongated body surrounded by the rim of the growing disc (Stachowitsch, 1992) +
Species that have reported or recorded in error. +
Common in OSPAR Region II, III +
Where the movement of recreational equipment by humans results in the introduction of an invasive species into a new area/region. +
An organism that forms large areas of hard substratum for other organisms due to the scale of its aggregations (e.g. horse mussels), accretions (e.g. ''Sabellaria'') or its skeleton (e.g. corals). +
Organisms that excavate and maintain burrows in the sediment, which result in sediment transport from depth to the surface (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012. +
A description of the season(s) or months of the year during which reproduction occurs +
Traits that describe how an organism reproduces or the mechanism by which reproduction is achieved. +
In the form of a mesh or net (Prescott, 1969). +
Drowned river valleys of south-west Britain (ria) and Shetland (voe). Often with a greater presence of rock and more marine in character than estuaries. +
Unlikely to be damaged as a result of physical impacts, e.g. hard or tough enough to withstand impact, or leathery or wiry enough to resist impact. +
1) A pool of water among rocks left behind by the ebbing tide. 2) a depression in the littoral zone of a rocky seashore where, at low tide, seawater is left behind (Hiscock, 1996). +
Rotational ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006) +
S
The range of salinities in which the organism is recorded (scale taken from Reusser & Lee, 2011) +
A flat, poorly drained coastal swamp inundated by most high tides (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Sands and sands with mud where sand is the major fraction (see Long 2006) +
30 -80% gravel with sand (see Long, 2006). +
An organism that feeds on dead or decaying organic material (see Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
An organism that feeds on carrion and organic refuse (e.g. crabs, whelks) (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Where research activities result in the unintentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. +
Where research activities result in the intentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. +
The habitat provided by the surface of frozen sea water floating on the surface. Sea ice may form thin sheets, fast moving pieces, pack ice or large icebergs. +
Glacially formed inlets (fjords, fjards) of western Scotland and Ireland; typically elongate and deepened by glacial action with little freshwater influence. Often with narrows and sills dividing the loch into a series of basins. +
Common in OSPAR Region II +
This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the surface of a seaplane. +
Active foragers that seek out prey usually of lower mobility (than themselves) e.g. arthropods (crabs, spiders) gastropods, starfish +
A seasonal migration in order to remain within suitable environmental conditions. +
A seasonal migration for the purpose of following food or moving to suitable feeding grounds +
A seasonal migration in order to reproduce. +
Description of how an organism modifies or changes the physico-chemical nature of the habitat itself, e.g sediment reworking, deposition of faeces, or burrowing +
Particulate solid matter accumulated by natural processes (Hiscock, 1996) +
Capable of self-fertilization +
Breeding once per lifetime, or breeding only once then dying (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006). Organisms that only have one brood during their lifetime (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
One generation every two years (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006). +
Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle (adapted from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) +
Non-motile; permanently attached at the base (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) (e.g. ''Caryophyllia''). +
1) Reproduction involving the regular alternation of gamete formation by meiosis, and gamete fusion (karyogamy) to form a zygote (Lincoln ''et al.'',1998). 2) Reproduction where recombination of genetic material, derived from more than one parent is possible (Barnes ''et al''. 2006), true amphimixis involves random segregation of genes and random association of parental contribution (gametes). +
Coasts with a restricted fetch and/or open water window. Coasts can face prevailing winds but with a short fetch (< 20 km) or extensive shallow area offshore, or may face away from prevailing winds. +
This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the hull of a ship. +
This refers to invasive species which are associated with internal ship cargo. +
This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a fluid nature. +
This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a solid nature. +
This accounts for an invasive species which has been vectored by a ship but the exact mechanism of action (ie: ballast, hull or cargo) has been unidentified in the literature. +
