Difference between revisions of "Simazine"

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{{Definition|title=simazine  
 
{{Definition|title=simazine  
  
|definition= Simazine belongs to the same class of herbicides as [[atrazine]]. It is widely used as a selective herbicide to control most annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge or after removal of weed growth.
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|definition= Simazine belongs to the same class of herbicides as [[atrazine]]. It is widely used as a selective herbicide to control most annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge or after removal of weed growth<ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>.
<ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>}}
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}}
  
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== Notes ==
  
== Notes ==
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{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
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! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Simazine
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| align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:Simazine.png|200px|Simazine]]
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|-
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! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula
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| align="center" | C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>ClN<sub>5</sub>
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|}
  
In the USA, an estimated 2000 to 2500 tons of simazine are applied to agricultural crops (mainly on corn, fruits and nuts) each year, and an additional 500 tons are applied for nonagricultural uses. It mainly enters the marine environment through run off from application sites. <ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>
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In the USA, an estimated 2000 to 2500 tons of simazine are applied to agricultural crops (mainly on corn, fruits and nuts) each year, and an additional 500 tons are applied for nonagricultural uses. It mainly enters the marine environment through run off from application sites<ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>.
  
Simazine is moderately soluble (3,5 mg/L) and has a low tendency to be [[adsorption|absorbed]] to organic matter or into the soil, although it can adsorb to clay particles. Therefore simazine is highly mobile and can leach into ground water systems. It has low volatility and losses of simazine by evaporation into the atmosphere are therefore expected to be rather low. According to laboratory studies simazine is persistent and able to persist into the environment for months, as it takes 90 days to half its concentration.
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Simazine is moderately soluble (3,5 mg/L) and has a low tendency to be [[adsorption|absorbed]] to organic matter or into the soil, although it can adsorb to clay particles. Therefore simazine is highly mobile and can leach into ground water systems. It has low [[volatile|volatility]], therefore losses of simazine by evaporation into the atmosphere are expected to be rather low. According to laboratory studies simazine is [[persistent]] and able to persist into the environment for months ([[half-life]] of 90 days).
  
Simazine has a low potential to [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulate]] in fish and is therefore not expected to [[biomagnification|biomagnify]] through [[food chain|food chains]].<ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>
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Simazine has a low potential to [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulate]] in [[pollution and pelagic fishes|fish]] and is therefore not expected to [[biomagnification|biomagnify]] through [[food chain|food chains]]<ref name="epa">[http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/reregistration/REDs/simazine_red.pdf USA EPA 2006 Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine]</ref>.
  
Simazine is moderately toxic to aquatic animals. Some fish species only start dying when exposed to concentrations above 100 mg/l, although others can't tolerate concentrations above 3 mg/l. Oysters die at concentration above 3,7 mg/l. Algae however are highly affected by low concentrations of the herbicide. Concentrations of only 6 µg/l are already toxic for some algae species. <ref>[http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAcuteSum.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34340&offset=-1 www.pesticideinfo.org]</ref>
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Simazine is moderately [[toxic]] to aquatic animals. Acute toxicity can in some fishes be caused by concentrations above 3 mg/l, although for most [[species]] it takes simazine concentrations above 100 mg/l. Oysters die at concentrations above 3,7 mg/l. Algae are highly affected by low concentrations of the herbicide as short exposure concentrations of only 6 µg/l can be lethal to some species<ref>[http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAcuteSum.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34340&offset=-1 www.pesticideinfo.org August 19 2009]</ref>.
  
The maximum concentrations measured in an UK [[estuary]] was 0,39 µg/l. <ref>[http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/water-quality/wq8_13.htm http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk August 19 2009]</ref>
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The maximum concentration measured in an UK [[estuary]] was 0,39 µg/l<ref>[http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/water-quality/wq8_13.htm www.ukmarinesac.org.uk August 19 2009]</ref>.
 
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[[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]
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{{author
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|AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter
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[[Category:Toxicity chemicals]]

Latest revision as of 13:35, 9 August 2020

Definition of simazine:
Simazine belongs to the same class of herbicides as atrazine. It is widely used as a selective herbicide to control most annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge or after removal of weed growth[1].
This is the common definition for simazine, other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

Simazine
Simazine
Formula
C7H12ClN5

In the USA, an estimated 2000 to 2500 tons of simazine are applied to agricultural crops (mainly on corn, fruits and nuts) each year, and an additional 500 tons are applied for nonagricultural uses. It mainly enters the marine environment through run off from application sites[1].

Simazine is moderately soluble (3,5 mg/L) and has a low tendency to be absorbed to organic matter or into the soil, although it can adsorb to clay particles. Therefore simazine is highly mobile and can leach into ground water systems. It has low volatility, therefore losses of simazine by evaporation into the atmosphere are expected to be rather low. According to laboratory studies simazine is persistent and able to persist into the environment for months (half-life of 90 days).

Simazine has a low potential to bioaccumulate in fish and is therefore not expected to biomagnify through food chains[1].

Simazine is moderately toxic to aquatic animals. Acute toxicity can in some fishes be caused by concentrations above 3 mg/l, although for most species it takes simazine concentrations above 100 mg/l. Oysters die at concentrations above 3,7 mg/l. Algae are highly affected by low concentrations of the herbicide as short exposure concentrations of only 6 µg/l can be lethal to some species[2].

The maximum concentration measured in an UK estuary was 0,39 µg/l[3].


Environmental standards and legislation

Included in the water framework list of priority substances


See also

Simazine on ED North Database


References

The main author of this article is Daphnis De Pooter
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.

Citation: Daphnis De Pooter (2020): Simazine. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Simazine [accessed on 28-03-2024]