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  • Setback area
    ...queeze: A review of adaptation solutions for saltmarsh, mangrove and beach habitats. Ocean and Coastal Management 175: 180–190</ref>.<br>
    5 KB (760 words) - 22:43, 13 January 2022
  • Biotopes and classification systems
    ...utrients), the local geomorphology creating sheltered or exposed [[habitat|habitats]], regional sedimentary characteristics and regional lithology conditioning ...meeting the requirements of the [http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1374 Habitats Directive]. With the establishment of the European Environment Agency, a rationalised
    17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
  • Bird Directive, Habitat Directive
    #REDIRECT [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]]
    62 bytes (6 words) - 18:29, 18 February 2009
  • Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
    ...opa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm EC Birds Directive]</ref> or areas with a high value in recreational amenity or commercially e ...Effect Concentration (PNEC) ([http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1374 based on EC Directive 93/67/EEC]). Separate PNEC values need to be derived for the relevant compa
    36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
  • North Sea pollution from shipping: legal framework
    # as far as possible, not result in degradation of other habitats or in adverse consequences for other natural or economic resources; ...uting goods, regardless of their flag, bound for or leaving EU ports. This directive also set out a range of duties: the shipper and ship operator must provide
    52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
  • Ramsar Convention for Wetlands
    ...ective and Habitats Directive, see the article [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]]
    4 KB (634 words) - 15:25, 1 August 2019
  • The Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
    ...(For more information on these Directives see [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]]) ...led to rapid degradation of these zones' rich and important ecosystems and habitats and, as a result, the entire coastal system faces an uncertain future.
    10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
  • Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
    ...s of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats|Coastal wetland restoration and creation]], [[Dynamics, threats and managem ...tats Directive, NATURA 2000|Habitats Directive]] and the [[Water Framework Directive]]. Another example is the target to limit global warming to 1.5 <sup>o</sup
    29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
  • Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
    This article provides an introduction to the Birds and Habitats Directives of the European Union and Natura 2000. # The Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the '''protection of wild birds''' (april 1979)
    7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
  • Harmful algal bloom
    ...ki, Z., Pinto, M., Kros, J. and Oenema, O. 2014.The impact of the Nitrates Directive on nitrogen emissions from agriculture in the EU-27during 2000–2008. Scie ...46613</ref>. The [[Ecosystem restoration|restoration]] of critical coastal habitats (seagrass meadows, coral reefs, oyster reefs, mangrove forests and salt-mar
    23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
  • Sustainability indicators
    ...a of European legislation like Water Framework Directive and the Birds and Habitats Directives and coming EU regulations.
    17 KB (2,404 words) - 21:49, 7 August 2021
  • Habitat
    ...i.e. a wave-cut platform, as for example in the EU species and habitats Directive; '''Different types of habitats are listed in the article [[Marine habitats and ecosystems]].'''
    2 KB (241 words) - 13:56, 2 March 2023
  • Biodiversity in the European Seas
    ...ference]], [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000|EU Birds and Habitats Directives]] and [[Bern Convention]]) to protection of marine resources ([ ...vention]], [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000|EU Birds and Habitats Directives]], the [[Bern Convention]] and [[Birds_Directive%2C_Habitats_Dir
    26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
  • Salt marsh
    * [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]]
    2 KB (328 words) - 18:22, 7 March 2023
  • Coastal grazing marsh
    ...n 1999 <ref>European Commission, 2003. ''Interpretation Manual of European Habitats''. Natura 2000. European Commission, DG Environment, Natrue and Biodiversit ...egories within the section dealing with biodiversity of coastal and marine habitats and ecosystems.
    8 KB (1,285 words) - 14:50, 7 October 2021
  • Sand Dunes in Europe
    ...r in a complex of other habitats spanning the range of terrestrial coastal habitats and ecosystems in transitional waters. ...f>European Commission, 2007. ''The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats - EUR27'' European Commission. Web site download
    9 KB (1,344 words) - 16:12, 30 August 2021
  • Current status of public participation in ICZM
    # European law provides legislation, like the Water Framework Directive and the Århus Convention, that requires the member states to implement par '''National implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Århus Convention'''
    93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
  • Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
    Fishing has a number of direct effects on [[Marine habitats and ecosystems|marine ecosystems]] because it is responsible for increasing ...J.S., Hall, S.J., Jennings, S., Poiner, I.R. 2002. Modification of marine habitats by trawling activities: prognosis and solutions. Fish Fisheries 3: 114–13
    33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
  • Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
    ...f the types of dune vegetation types set out in Annex 1 of the EU Habitats Directive for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are given in the table be ...he Second Report by the United Kingdom under Article 17 of the EC Habitats Directive. JNCC consulted on the draft report in 2007.
    30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
  • Distribution of Sand Dunes in Great Britain
    ...al Area of Conservation (SAC) designated under the European Union Habitats Directive and held on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee Web Site. A link is pro
    7 KB (961 words) - 15:37, 23 June 2022
  • Seagrass recovery and restoration in the Wadden Sea
    The European Water Framework Directive requires a good ecological quality for all water bodies by 2015. For the No ...uired for a good ecological quality status by the European Water Framework Directive.
    14 KB (2,227 words) - 21:36, 24 November 2020
  • Sand dune - Country Report, Latvia
    The following EU Habitat Directive communities occur in Latvia: ...bare sand. The vegetation is sparse or scattered, with species of sandy [[habitats]]. Typical plant species of foredunes are: ''Ammophila arenaria''‚ ''Cala
    11 KB (1,598 words) - 14:00, 2 March 2023
  • Large scale mapping of intertidal areas
    ...evelopment of monitoring strategies with respect to the EU-Water Framework Directive. ...imated and measured values was selected to document the characteristics of habitats along a grid of locations (fixed by GPS and depicted by digital photography
    10 KB (1,456 words) - 18:47, 28 April 2009
  • Salt marshes
    ...web site at [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/habitats/models_en.htm] to download a copy of the Habitat Management Model for the a ...rom, U., Lipcius, R. N. and Ysebaert, T. 2014. Ecological value of coastal habitats for commercially and ecologically important species. ICES Journal of Marine
    28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
  • Topic:International treaties
    ...nder international law. It encompasses terms such as convention, protocol, directive, agreement. * [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000|Habitats Directive]]
    2 KB (292 words) - 17:40, 11 July 2020
  • Bird Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
    #REDIRECT [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]]
    62 bytes (6 words) - 18:38, 18 February 2009
  • Non-native species invasions
    ...ported either intentionally or accidentally by human-mediated vectors into habitats outside their native range. These species are also termed as alien, exotic, ...tats similar to their own but located elsewhere. Distances separating such habitats might be too long to overcome either through their active swimming abilitie
    27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
  • Carrying capacity and development of the Wadden Sea
    ...|Water Framework Directive]] gives the same sort of obligation as the Bird Directive for reaching the ‘good ecological status’ in water bodies including est ...d_OSPAR_Commission|OSPAR]] and [[Water Framework Directive|Water Framework Directive]] goals have not yet been reached. With our current state of knowledge and
    11 KB (1,721 words) - 12:53, 6 March 2022
  • Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
    ...ental river-flow, sharply reduces sediment inputs to the submersed coastal habitats, thereby promoting meadow erosion in their area of influence. Dredging and ...are identified as a priority habitat type for conservation in the Habitats Directive (Dir92/43/CEE) and P. oceanica is protected at the European level, as a pri
    37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
  • Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile
    ...a priority habitat for conservation under the European Union’s Habitats Directive (Dir 92/43/CEE). Conservation management is mainly focused on protection fr
    10 KB (1,588 words) - 12:12, 7 September 2020
  • Counting seabirds from ships and aircraft
    ...d to designate protected areas at sea, e.g. according to the EU Wild Birds Directive, as well as shipping traffic, fisheries and oil pollution, led to further d ...hip-based surveys are also appropriate to synoptical studies of the birds' habitats.
    7 KB (1,017 words) - 12:24, 20 February 2024
  • Disturbances, biodiversity changes and ecosystem stability
    An increase in the severity of disturbances in [[intertidal]] habitats is predicted as a consequence of increased frequency of extreme meteorologi [[Rocky shores]] are dynamic and fascinating habitats which are influenced by the tides. They are biologically rich in terms of t
    12 KB (1,660 words) - 18:34, 16 December 2020
  • Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
    ...cean less than the terrestrial environment. For us, the oceans are foreign habitats which we may enter but not yet inhabit. ...mentation of the new [[Marine Strategy Directive|Marine Strategy Framework Directive]]<ref name="ma"/>.
    15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
  • MarBEF approach
    ...and the forthcoming [[Marine Strategy Directive|Marine Strategy Framework Directive]].
    6 KB (937 words) - 22:31, 10 September 2020
  • Marine Protected Areas in Europe
    ...In addition, the designation process of MPAs under the Birds and Habitats Directive is briefly described and the current status of marine Natura 2000 sites is ...rotect marine ecosystem structure, function and integrity. Critical marine habitats and their natural communities, composition and functioning can be preserved
    20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
  • Overzichtslijst beleidsinstrumenten
    ...emse soorten dienen te voorkomen en niet-inheemse soorten die ecosystemen, habitats of soorten bedreigen, dienen te bestrijden of uit te roeien''". ...houd van een gunstige staat van instandhouding, en het beschermen van deze habitats tegen verstoringen, waaronder een strikte controle van de introductie van,
    29 KB (4,143 words) - 14:08, 24 March 2021
  • Maerl
    ...' and ''Phymatolithon calcareum'' are listed in Annex V of the EC Habitats Directive [http://www.forest-trends.org/biodiversityoffsetprogram/BBop%20library%202/ [[Category:Coastal and marine habitats]]
    4 KB (604 words) - 12:31, 6 August 2019
  • Deciding on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for ICZM
    ...ffect of sites, require an assessment under Article 6 or 7 of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). The EU SEA Directive stipulates that an SEA has to be carried out during the preparation of the
    6 KB (833 words) - 11:14, 25 July 2020
  • Le Processus GIZC – Un itinéraire vers la durabilité des côtes - Initialisation
    * Une directive nationale, ou l’attribution de certaines responsabilités à des administ ...valuation telle que stipulée dans les articles 6 et 7 de la directive « Habitats » (92/43/EEC).
    45 KB (7,335 words) - 00:56, 11 November 2018
  • Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability
    ...ting the distribution of the threatened and/or declining coastal and shelf habitats in Europe.]] .../imis]</ref>). Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of some biogenic reef habitats which are currently in decline around the coast of Europe. </br>
    26 KB (3,875 words) - 18:26, 7 March 2023
  • Shore protection vegetation
    ==Habitats== ...zone; and the corresponding habitats are defined in the European Habitats Directive (Natura2000) as (see Fig. 1):
    76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
  • Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
    ...to effective management. The establishment of designated sites to protect habitats relies on a certain level of stability. Unless conservation effort can be c ...This approach is analogous to the protection of mobile species rather than habitats or sessile species, affording protection of the environmental condition and
    69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
  • Coastal lagoon
    ...u/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC]) to include all types of waters which were neither freshwater n ...europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm Birds Directive]).
    7 KB (1,011 words) - 21:33, 27 February 2020
  • EU Maritime Policy: Green Paper 2006
    ...he constraints imposed by EU regulations under [[Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000]].
    9 KB (1,418 words) - 17:17, 8 September 2020
  • PEGASO project Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
    ...terranean and in the view of implementing the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. ...rity issues of the ICZM Protocol (e.g. urban sprawl, land use, and coastal habitats)
    10 KB (1,535 words) - 11:53, 7 September 2020
  • Harbour porpoise in the Belgian part of the North Sea
    ...ttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043 Habitat Directive.] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043.</ref ...s Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). Following article 17 of the Habitat Directive, each member state has to report about the conservation status of these are
    77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
  • Estuarine ecosystems
    ...e for humanity. Estuaries are said to be among the most productive natural habitats on earth. Two essential estuarine habitats, salt marshes and mangroves, are discussed in the articles [[Salt marshes]]
    22 KB (3,117 words) - 23:14, 20 January 2024
  • Pressures, impacts and policy responses in European coastal zones
    ...tivities, for instance through disturbance, pollution and deterioration of habitats. ...f>Airoldi, L., Beck, W.M. 2007. Loss, status and trends for coastal marine habitats of Europe. Oceanogr. Marine Biology Annual Review 45, 345–405.</ref> rang
    20 KB (2,992 words) - 20:35, 18 January 2022
  • Threats to cold water coral reefs, sand banks and seagrass habitats in the North Sea by climate change effects
    ...o a gravel mix; minimum thickness of 30 to 40cm must be present to provide habitats for typical sandy bottom communities. Vegetation is often absent, or it is ...as as reef-like structures. This substrate diversity provides a variety of habitats and, in turn, a corresponding wide spectrum of species.
    14 KB (2,043 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2023
  • Field Observation Techniques, State of the Art 2012
    National and European legislative regulations such as the [[Water Framework Directive]] (WFD) and its implementation give a strong impetus to the development of ...ere we expect contributions for suspended matter, chlorophyll, and coastal habitats. The other contribution shows the results of a Dutch initiative for [[real-
    15 KB (2,177 words) - 13:39, 7 December 2023
  • European Action Plan Theme Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation
    ...e first regulations are the Water framework directive, the marine strategy directive and the new greenpaper for a EU maritime policy. Those policies still have ...ration of biodiversity in coastal zones, effects of development on coastal habitats), most of the discussions between theme 4 participants at the Paris confere
    27 KB (4,006 words) - 18:23, 23 February 2019
  • Nature-based shore protection
    ...res. Their analyses and syntheses demonstrated the following: ''a) coastal habitats–particularly coral reefs and salt-marshes–have significant potential fo ...ng roots and rhizomes and can exist in fully marine through to fresh water habitats. Most seagrasses colonize soft substrates such as sand in quiescent areas (
    69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
  • EU ICZM policies
    * [[Water Framework Directive]] (WFD 2000) ...mental Assessment Directive (SEA 2001) and Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (EIA 1997)]
    6 KB (896 words) - 17:43, 15 February 2024
  • Valuation and assessment of biodiversity
    ...areas. Therefore, the European Commission has developed a Marine Strategy Directive, which recognizes the need for a thematic strategy for the protection and c
    12 KB (1,809 words) - 17:32, 2 March 2024
  • Application of Land and Ecosystem Accounts (LEAC)
    Accounts on [[species]] and [[habitats]] of European conservation importance address current state and changes in ...and 231 habitats included in the Annexes of the Habitat Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC), which have been considered through a policy processes as having
    27 KB (3,989 words) - 16:53, 26 December 2020
  • Restoration of estuarine and coastal ecosystems
    ...s of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats ]], [[Introduction of public participation]] and other articles in the cate ...M., Gray, A.J., Rothery, P. 2006. Monitoring the development of intertidal habitats on former agricultural land after the managed realignment of coastal defenc
    14 KB (2,089 words) - 19:14, 7 March 2023
  • EU legislation for coast and sea
    ! width="20% style=" border:1px solid blue;"| Regulation / directive ...eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm
    21 KB (3,017 words) - 20:10, 8 October 2021
  • Definitions of marine ecological terms
    .... 2013. A glossary of terms commonly used in the marine strategy framework directive. Technical Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy</re ...al shell and a ventral creeping foot. Gastropods are found in very diverse habitats, such as estuaries, mudflats, the rocky intertidal, the sandy subtidal, the
    39 KB (5,335 words) - 13:31, 6 March 2022
  • Governance policies for a blue bio-economy
    ...e alteration <br> M = Shipping, P = Canalization of estuaries, E = Loss of habitats and associated ecosystem functionalities ...carrying out activities that cause harm to protected species or protected habitats that cannot reasonably be avoided are obliged to take compensatory measures
    15 KB (2,228 words) - 12:39, 21 April 2024
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