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• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...ich the upstream part of an estuary or a lagoon slowly transform into land areas. ...cesses. The main types of coastal features are dunes, cliffs and low-lying areas, possibly protected by dikes or seawalls.
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ...s at the site and the possible variations over the site plus the adjoining areas ...n preliminary design considerations for artificial beaches and reclamation areas fronted by natural slopes.
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Natural causes of coastal erosion
  ...n this way causes accumulative shore and shoal features in the deposition areas, at the expense of the downstream coast. An example of this is the Skaw Spi
  14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...astline. The result is that the erosion has been shifted to less resistant areas resulting in higher area losses per year. ...irs which retain a large part of the sediment discharge from the catchment areas (Fig.5). Perhaps the best-known example of coastal erosion related to sedi
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Seawall
  |definition= A structure separating land and water areas. It is designed to prevent coastal erosion and other damage due to wave act
  3 KB (523 words) - 13:06, 30 December 2022
• Statistical description of wave parameters
  ...H. 2022. A global evaluation of the JONSWAP spectra suitability on coastal areas. Ocean Engineering 266, 112756</ref>. ...sediment transport in the coastal zone. Waves originating from different areas may have different spectra. The directional spread of incoming waves for a
  24 KB (3,898 words) - 13:12, 23 November 2023
• Currents
  ...is strongest at large water depths away from the coastline and in confined areas, such as straits and tidal inlets. ...blem is that the sheltered areas will be exposed to sedimentation and such areas must, therefore, be avoided when planning small ports.
  14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
• FUTURECOAST project, UK
  ...one particular element of the coast is influenced by evolution in adjacent areas. Often these influences extend in a number of directions, thereby further c ...that are unlikely to alter significantly, i.e. hard rock coasts, and those areas that are susceptible to change, i.e. soft coasts.
  20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...an demand of resources from the sea is increasing, particularly in coastal areas. ...ng sites, and agricultural and recreational areas, while utilising coastal areas as a dumping ground for sewage, garbage, and toxic wastes. The pressure on
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...levated concentrations in the seabed in areas where this material settles. Areas, which are also close to direct sources of input, are doubly at risk for ex
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...sensus on regulations for coastal management. The issue of valuing coastal areas is not unique. Any management of publicly-owned natural systems and resourc Not all services provided by coastal areas are subject to externalities. Services not subject to external effects are
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Policy in Poland
  ...ction, extension and maintenance of the flood protection system of coastal areas, including repair of damages of this system;
  3 KB (382 words) - 22:57, 29 July 2019
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...or the interpretation of statistics of passive tracers released in coastal areas.
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  ...he studied seabed domain), the components <math>e_{ki}</math> indicate the areas of highest variability.
  25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...getation, sometimes over 10 000 km² in size. The most extensive areas are found in the tropics, where ''Thalassia'' is the dominant seagrass genu ...concept of mitigating climate change on a global scale by using all ocean areas potentially suitable for seaweed farming to produce vast amounts of algal b
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Tidal asymmetry and tidal inlet morphodynamics
  ...ronger due to the generation of shallow-water overtides in shallow coastal areas with a large semidiurnal tidal range (dominated by M2). The distortion of ==Tidal wave deformation in the presence of friction and intertidal areas==
  53 KB (8,417 words) - 12:56, 20 January 2024
• Common biomarkers for the assessment of marine pollution
  ...ion|polluted]] marine areas, while higher ones less [[pollution|polluted]] areas.
  24 KB (3,412 words) - 18:18, 5 November 2019
• Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
  ...using Lidar in the coastal zone is its capacity of rapidly covering large areas which are otherwise difficult to survey with more conventional tools. Than ...ill not be applicable in areas with chronic moderate to high turbidity. In areas where the turbidity may be variable over a wide range of values, it is crit
  15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...nd Farquhar, D. (1999). ''Identification of Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA's) in the UK''. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Reg ...ature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm EC Birds Directive]</ref> or areas with a high value in recreational amenity or commercially exploitable biolo
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• Case study risk analysis of marine activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...[[sensitivity]] analysis (see fig. 7) is set up to identify the vulnerable areas in the coastal and marine zone of Belgium. As the interests ([[sensitivity] ...rio in which the tourist and recreational values of the coastal and marine areas have been given special attention (see fig. 8);
  17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
• North Sea pollution from shipping: legal framework
  ...l areas more stringent discharge standards apply and ports bordering these areas have to supply sufficient receptions facilities. ...ria developed by IMO. The regulation makes it mandatory for ships entering areas covered by ship reporting systems to report in to the coastal authorities g
  52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...awater wedge is weak, it can be assumed that the interface between the two areas is sharp (Figure 1a). In such cases, during the winter period, the submarin ...cular diffusion a freshwater-seawater mixing zone is built between the two areas. The mixing causes the salt water in the deeper part of the aquifer to beco
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Interpolation of measured grain-size fractions
  ...e DCS. The level of confidence in this area is logically not as high as in areas with sufficient data density.
  9 KB (1,392 words) - 23:03, 16 October 2021
• Definitions, processes and models in morphology
  ...g yields enormous quantities of polluted sediments for which safe disposal areas on land or in the aquatic system have to be found. Information of sediments
  11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
• Coastal meteorology
  ...m through blocking and actually enhance precipitation and winds in coastal areas. Increased friction over the land decreases the surface winds, which cause
  14 KB (2,127 words) - 15:18, 7 April 2022
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  ...ogy, of the coastal zone since 1993. Beginning in 2003, LOICZ expanded its areas of research to include social, political and economic sciences so that its The coastal Zone is one of the priority areas where society urgently needs advanced governance systems to set the stage f
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• The Capacity Building Concept
  ...alised agencies were supposed to actively support capacity building in the areas for which they were technically qualified e.g. FAO in the rural sector and ...ltative Meeting on Training in Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Areas for Sustainable Development, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, 21-23 June, 1993. Un
  10 KB (1,426 words) - 15:36, 4 October 2021
• Formal Capacity Building
  ...as the tool to achieve the [[Sustainable Development]] of European coastal areas. ...entists. Therefore, human capacity building efforts need to be made in two areas:
  12 KB (1,722 words) - 15:10, 5 October 2021
• Video technology
  ...ing across a seabed covered with vegetation. The scene itself contains few areas with similar properties, there are many details, changes in light and colou
  14 KB (2,315 words) - 22:50, 29 June 2019
• The Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...oastal spaces also support unique and especially fragile ecosystems, being areas of great environmental and aesthetic value. ...[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Protection_Areas Special Protection Areas] designated under the [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/
  10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
• EU ICZM Recommendation
  ...isparity of natural systems and human activities with an impact on coastal areas
  3 KB (392 words) - 11:38, 1 August 2019
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...eded to meet these objectives. It means integration of all relevant policy areas, sectors, and levels of administration. It means integration of the terrest ...climate change, which has far-reaching consequences for low-lying coastal areas, in many cases exceeds the local scale in terms of extent and complexity. A
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ...e idea that the sea could not be claimed by anyone contrary to terrestrial areas which are the only territories that can be occupied by a nation. The book w ...untries gradually gave up their claims on national sovereignty of maritime areas. From the XVIII^th century, the legislation for the sea started t
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  All areas that are protected under the Birds and Habitats Directives form an ecologic NATURA 2000 is a network of protected areas across the EU, which was established in 1992.
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Floating breakwaters
  ...ctures for marinas in semi-protected areas. They are especially suited for areas where the tidal range is high, as they follow the water-level. Floating bre ...mpared to conventional fixed breakwaters. They can be effective in coastal areas with mild wave environment conditions (significant wave height not much gre
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Harmful algal bloom
  ...na, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. It is not known exactly how toxin producing algae develop. What is known, ...storms or coastal upwelling, enabling (re)colonisation of existing and new areas. Advection and dispersion of HABs, increasing turbulent shear forces breaki
  23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
• Stakeholder analysis
  ...r the concepts in the diagrams (for instance: more safety in the catchment areas), and then Quasta explores scenarios which are ''consistent'' with these di ...language was Spanish and the topic of discussion was restricted management areas for fisheries. The second workshop was part of the project 'Sustainable liv
  7 KB (1,007 words) - 17:34, 13 July 2020
• Decision support tools
  ...ment, for example, to specify and prioritize vulnerable locations and risk areas based on multiple criteria or to support the development of flood and salt ...king vulnerabilities of coastal sections and helps identify the vulnerable areas that require protection measures.
  12 KB (1,735 words) - 20:16, 18 September 2023
• Value Transfer
  * Coastal areas provides public goods and services, which generates difficulties for their
  6 KB (864 words) - 17:19, 15 July 2020
• Ballast water
  ...causes a massive spread of marine organisms from their native habitats to areas where they do not naturally occur. Ballast water is therefore widely regard * Guidelines on designation of areas for ballast water exchange (G14) (resolution MEPC.151(55));
  23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  ...corridors, which may restrict northward displacement of organisms in these areas.<ref name="Nicholls"> Nicholls, R.J.; Klein,R.J.T. (2005). Climate change a
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...n communities, or in very harsh environments, but less adequate for larger areas, higher diversity or higher number of individuals<ref name=A21>Antao, L.H.,
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...ts of the sea makes it extremely productive and one of the most productive areas in the world, with a wide range of [[plankton]], fish, seabirds and benthic ...e Atlantic Ocean. The morphology of the sea floor is dominated by two deep areas on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge with depths down to 5 000 m and a s
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Sampling tools for the marine environment
  ...l proportion of these have the ability to effectively collect samples from areas of relatively coarse sediments which are characteristic of dredging sites. ...recommended for the collection of qualitative samples as a last resort in areas of coarse, unconsolidated sediments which are too rough or uneven to permit
  21 KB (3,409 words) - 22:24, 20 August 2020
• Contingent Valuation Method
  ...rces such as the protection of natural parks or [[biodiversity]] sensitive areas, which play an important role in guaranteeing the protection of local wildl ...., with and without the policy. Interdisciplinary work with other research areas, namely the biological sciences, is recommended;
  18 KB (2,682 words) - 23:08, 28 February 2022
• Impacts from maritime transport
  ...osed for fishing and shellfish extraction, and in most cases, the affected areas would not be re-opened until a few months later. When the Prestige sank, i
  9 KB (1,422 words) - 15:35, 20 September 2020
• Impacts originating from the tourism sector
  Direct effects are highly relevant in nearby areas from which leisure ports obtain supplies. In contrast, apart from other eff
  24 KB (3,485 words) - 17:12, 10 July 2020
• Impacts caused by increasing urbanization
  ...sures in the Mediterranean results from increasing urbanization of coastal areas. This article illustrates the entity of the phenomena and of values interes ...tries covered in this study. In the 30 years to 2000 densities in coastal areas increased by 49 percent, ranging from a low of 5 percent in Croatia, to a h
  16 KB (2,380 words) - 17:04, 15 July 2020
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  ...The latter are divided into people that visit the coast or live in coastal areas but not in close proximity to the sea, and people that want to see the coas ...bly between the two sites. The Lido Di Dante has three relatively distinct areas, varying by the levels of development – the least developed end is the mo
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...as been placed on managing the multiple use of marine space, especially in areas where conflicts among users and the environment are already clear as, for e ...r protect marine [[biodiversity]], is through the delineation of protected areas in which human pressure is reduced or excluded. Today not only economic and
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
• Introduction of public participation
  ...the EU this principle means that they do not take action “(except in the areas which fall within its exclusive competence) unless it is more effective tha ...g the loss of natural habitat, by for example introducing Marine Protected Areas.
  19 KB (2,911 words) - 15:49, 8 August 2021
• Eutrophication in coastal environments
  ...[[seagrass]] meadows and perennial macroalgae, which are important nursery areas for coastal fish populations; ...ed area plays a role: small areas are recolonised more quickly than larger areas.
  18 KB (2,538 words) - 12:37, 30 March 2022
• Ocean acidification
  ...how neutral or positive responses. It also appears that bivalves in warmer areas may be more sensitive to low <math>pH</math>. ...ury CO₂ levels. Though CO₂ stimulates growth in some areas, coccolithophores in general are projected to be more lightly calcified und
  23 KB (3,325 words) - 17:13, 22 April 2024
• Mangroves
  ...is used for trees and shrubs that are found in shallow, sandy or [[mud]]dy areas (Karleskint, 1998<ref name=K98>Karleskint G. 1998. Introduction to marine b ...n located close to the water's edge, where frequent tidal flooding occurs. Areas that receive shallow flooding during high tide are home to mangrove species
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...0. Seagrass Ecology. Cambridge University Press.</ref>. The most extensive areas are found in the tropics. The total area covered by seagrass meadows global ...ropean waters. There are several distinct areas of seagrass meadows. These areas are the Indo-Pacific region, the seas around Japan and Australia, the centr
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Ecological thresholds and regime shifts
  ...of estuaries|Coastal lagoons]] and enclosed seas often have large drainage areas relative to the sea surface. For example, the drainage area of the Baltic
  13 KB (1,919 words) - 12:33, 2 March 2024
• Marine habitats and ecosystems
  ...[[seagrass]]es protect the coastlines from wave action and erosion. Other areas provide sediment sinks or act as filtering systems.
  4 KB (622 words) - 14:39, 24 September 2022
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...tative Studies for Hazard and Risk Assessment, and for Planning of Coastal Areas''. Colectânea de Ideias sobre a Zona Costeira de Portugal, Associação Eu In littoral areas, huge amounts of sediment were dredged for works in other places, including
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Application and use of underwater video
  ...ten less. Due to this (and camera resolution limitations) relatively small areas are imaged compared to for example side-scan sonar.
  14 KB (2,095 words) - 13:21, 7 December 2023
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
  GIS technology can be utilised in all areas dealing with georeferenced information, including: *and many other areas.
  6 KB (875 words) - 16:53, 5 October 2021
• Public participation legislation
  ...lamation of land. These measures have been a necessity for living in these areas for centuries. Managing such activities calls for public involvement and th ...on or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”.
  17 KB (2,514 words) - 15:57, 17 February 2024
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...n activities. There are many sources of nutrient runoffs : unsewered urban areas, construction sites, combustion of fossil fuels by traffic, industries and ...n is more restricted and limited to specific coastal and adjacent offshore areas, especially in the Adriatic, Gulf of Lion and northern Aegean Sea. The main
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• Continental shelf habitat
  * [[Rocky Shores|Hard-bottom communities]] occur in areas with strong currents. Because of the strong flows, the bottom consists of c * [[Sandy Shores|Soft-bottom communities]] occur in areas with weak currents. The seabed consists of fine sediments (fine sand, silt,
  11 KB (1,602 words) - 18:32, 22 February 2021
• Methodologies for assessing the capacity needs in ICZM
  ...s according to how they perceived their skills in the four core competency areas, namely: project program management, professional skills, ICM practice and * Areas to Enhance
  9 KB (1,232 words) - 17:52, 28 August 2020
• Mariculture
  ...eygondeau G, Wabnitz CCC, Troell M, Cheung WWL (2018) Global estimation of areas with suitable environmental conditions for mariculture species. PLoS ONE 13 Mariculture can play an important role, especially in rural areas, for food security, economic and social welfare.
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
• Current status of public participation in ICZM
  ...olvement of stakeholders in steering groups for the re-arrangement of dune areas or nature reserves In some geographical areas, there is specific information and knowledge available to the public, but n
  93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...ic level]] of reported catches had declined over the years. For all marine areas, the trend has been a decline in the mean trophic level of the fisheries la ...on of sediment may affect the settlement and feeding of the biota in other areas<ref name="Jennings1998"/>. The effects of sediment resuspension include the
  33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
  ...owever, there are approximately 56,000ha of blown sand deposits, including areas afforested or otherwise affected by human use, which have not destroyed the ...considerable range of variation that exists between different geographical areas.
  30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
• Sand dune - Country Report, Sweden
  ...etter forms of the vegetation ''Salix arenaria'' may be dominant. In other areas, ''Empetrum nigrum'' may be present. ...increasing recreational pressure. ''Rosa rugosa'' is present in some dune areas and may be a long-term management problem.
  8 KB (1,254 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2019
• ALGADEC - Detection of toxic algae with a semi-automated nucleic acid biosensor
  ...utomatic detection of the different toxic algae species in three different areas in Europe: Skagerrak in Norway, the Galician coast in Spain and the area of
  10 KB (1,507 words) - 21:32, 1 September 2020
• Socio-economic evaluation
  ...asures the recreational value that visitors place on particular recreation areas (parks, beaches, woodland etc.). It is assumed that the costs in terms of t ...he environment effect). It is also possible to analyse differences between areas with the same type of property but with one important difference in environ
  10 KB (1,533 words) - 18:38, 3 March 2024
• Overexploitation
  ...abitat|open ocean]] or pelagic ecosystems, but also coastal and intertidal areas <ref>Thompson, R.C., Crowe, T.P. and Hawkins, S.J. 2002. Rocky intertidal ...cal conservation strategies, such as the designation of [[Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)]] and Marine Reserves and regulations regarding fishing gear and fis
  14 KB (2,013 words) - 13:06, 6 March 2022
• Salt marshes
  ...for their growth in height and width, saltmarsh communities can develop in areas with limited or no sediment supply. Examples include seawater-drenched clif ...Perennial species also benefit from establishment by seeds to colonize new areas. Conditions favorable for germination include a minimum bed level, where di
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Science-Policy Interaction
  ...extent to which knowledge exchange has successfully occurred, and identify areas and options for future improvement.
  24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
• Tsunami
  ...<http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml></ref>. In low-lying coastal areas (less than 10 m elevation above mean sea level) tsunamis can penetrate seve ...Tsunami's are very rare events for each specific coastal location, even in areas that are very sensitive to submarine earthquakes. Experimental information
  28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
• The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR)
  Key areas of research include:
  5 KB (737 words) - 22:49, 21 August 2020
• Human activities and nature conservation conflicts at the Kenyan coastline
  ..._fig2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Figure 2: Mangrove creeks are highly productive areas providing fish and other products for subsistence and for the local market. ...try are therefore located next or adjacent to beach environments. In some areas, such as the coastal strip around Mombasa, the rapid development of tourism
  16 KB (2,479 words) - 14:59, 9 September 2020
• Thermohaline circulation of the oceans
  ...y occur during a Southern Ocean event (Fig. 4). In many sensitive coastal areas the sea-level rise could be over 1 meter. It is important to note that thi ...with more than five million people are located in these low-lying coastal areas.
  23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
• Bathymetry German Bight from X-band radar
  It is possible to determine the bathymetry of a shallow coastal areas using radar data. This article discusses measurements carried out during st ...ere the depth is clearly underestimated. The underestimation of the deeper areas is the main reason for the inclination of the trend lines from the y=x line
  11 KB (1,665 words) - 16:35, 28 January 2024
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...n mean high tide (Mhwl) are a major factor inducing flood risks in coastal areas in Germany. The water level in the North Sea depends primarily on tides and ...ision, as it is possible to identify the actual existing conditions in the areas at risk on an object orientated level. This approach is however costly in t
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• Non-native species invasions
  ...e of species invasion. Non-native species are found primarily in disturbed areas, such as harbours, bays, [[estuaries]] and semi-enclosed seas where the com ...from their physical re-location but by offering a way for its dispersal to areas that it wouldn’t be able to reach if the conditions were not changed. Suc
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Baltic Sea
  ...other side, the flora and fauna of the Baltic is unusual in that there are areas in which freshwater, brackish water and marine species co-exist. For exampl
  14 KB (2,085 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2020
• Carrying capacity and development of the Wadden Sea
  ...e and there is little space left for alternative locations or compensation areas. The aim of this article is to identify ways to handle some of the developm ...ecological status’ in water bodies including estuaries and coastal zone areas.
  11 KB (1,721 words) - 12:53, 6 March 2022
• Accretion and erosion for different coastal types
  ...astward LDR of 5. This means that the transition section between these two areas will receive 5, but 10 will leave this section, which means a deficit of 5 ...s on the magnitude of the port and on the area and volume of the sheltered areas compared to the littoral drift rates. The sediment budgets for the initial
  10 KB (1,662 words) - 18:11, 18 January 2022
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...: 3592</ref> shows that in 2020, 197–347 million people lived in coastal areas less than 2 m above sea level, of which 59% in tropical Asia and 10% in tro ...ban areas situated below the high water level at sea; more inland situated areas are also affected because an increasing sea level reduces the discharge cap
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Human Capacity Building
  ...entists. Therefore, Human Capacity Building efforts need to be made in two areas:
  5 KB (727 words) - 17:25, 28 August 2020
• Overview of Coastal Habitat Protection and Restoration in the United States
  ...across the board assessment of the condition and use of coastal and marine areas and resources and the efficiency and effectiveness of their governance. The ===Protected Areas Programs===
  15 KB (2,251 words) - 12:40, 8 October 2021
• Coastal Barrier Resources System
  ...mapped and incorporated into the Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS). Areas so designated are ineligible for direct or indirect Federal expenditures an ...ple that taxpayers should not subsidize or bear the risk of development in areas highly vulnerable to coastal hazards.
  8 KB (1,102 words) - 10:11, 25 July 2020
• Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary – Case Study
  Most marine areas within the US’s National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) are open to some • To maintain areas for visitor, spiritual, and recreational opportunities which include cultur
  12 KB (1,771 words) - 10:09, 25 July 2020
• Number of marine species
  ...ands more awaiting formal descriptions. They further discovered and mapped areas in the ocean where marine species congregate, and documented long-term and
  7 KB (963 words) - 11:01, 29 February 2024
• Species extinction
  ...e suitable range of many species. Such changes have made highly productive areas, such as up-welling regions, become less productive due to changes in the [ ...na'') are highly endangered or extinct throughout their small distribution areas.
  25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
• Chesepeake Bay Program
  ...contaminants require major changes in land use, in the management of urban areas and in agricultural practices. Resent research has demonstrated that a maj
  14 KB (2,018 words) - 10:10, 25 July 2020
• Clean Water Act
  ...at this approach was producing increasingly severe water pollution in some areas and was not reducing pollution in others. After many years of debate a con
  11 KB (1,629 words) - 10:10, 25 July 2020
• US National Estuarine Research Reserve System
  ...gned to promote coastal stewardship. As of 2008, this network of protected areas includes 27 reserves. The program oversees more than one million acres (4, ...facilities and acquire new properties. As a national system of protected areas, the NERRS conducts the following core programs at each site:
  6 KB (789 words) - 18:08, 2 January 2021
• US National Wildlife Refuge System
  ...rgest and most ecologically comprehensive series of fully-protected marine areas under unified conservation management in the world. [[Category: Protected coastal and marine areas]]
  5 KB (723 words) - 14:02, 2 March 2023
• US Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Programs
  ...tion with the Corps. A major challenge of the program is determining which areas qualify for wetland protection. A [https://www.lrh.usace.army.mil/Portals/3 The USACE’s civil works in coastal regions fall into three broad areas: water infrastructure, environmental management and restoration, and respon
  9 KB (1,363 words) - 09:56, 25 July 2020
• US Sea Grant College Program
  ...n into sustained responses to those topics within the localized geographic areas where each university operates. The experiences of each member institution .../www.nsgo.seagrant.org/SG_Themes/sg_theme_areas.html</ref>. Thematic focus areas gather the intellectual resources from throughout the national network, sha
  10 KB (1,403 words) - 10:19, 25 July 2020
• Algal bloom dynamics
  ...y and Oceanography 63: 392-409</ref>). Algae blooms can extend over large areas, as illustrated in Fig. 1. ...ic]] phytoplankton. Organic matter and nutrients are stored in the soil in areas where net sedimentation occurs, but otherwise the recycling of nutrients in
  42 KB (6,475 words) - 18:18, 12 February 2024
• Marine Plankton
  ...s known as nitrogen fixation. It provides a valuable source of nitrogen in areas of the oceans where it is otherwise absent.
  34 KB (5,059 words) - 17:27, 25 April 2024
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...s. ''P. oceanica'' beds cover between 25,000 and 50,000 km2 of the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, corresponding to 25% of the sea bottom at depths betw ...ganic matter and nourishing salts than adjacent sediment of the bare sandy areas, and an army of different suspension-feeding animals such as feather stars,
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023

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