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• ICZM-Best practice case study in the Bay of Luebeck
  ...conducted (second step). This valuation calculated the monetary values of flooding risks on human lives and assets along the potential flood plains. For that ...cost-benefit analysis were good approaches to convey impacts of potential flooding and planned measures to the public.
  13 KB (1,840 words) - 16:14, 24 August 2020
• Characteristics of muddy coasts
  ...can cause severe problems, decreasing biodiversity and causing erosion and flooding. The connected coast type is often low wetland exposed to flooding. Mixed environments with wave-exposed shores or sandy tidal flats alternati
  9 KB (1,308 words) - 15:59, 15 May 2021
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and high astronomical tides. S ...at. Dunes act as a kind of flexible natural protection against erosion and flooding, see [[Dune erosion]]. If the vegetation is damaged by too much traffic or
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...ettlements from storm surge damage or to protect low-lying hinterland from flooding. The seawall is usually fronted by a wide beach and its impact on beach dyn *Increased flooding origination from the sea.
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Dune stabilisation
  ...y flexible buffer zone, which protects the hinterland from [[erosion]] and flooding. The eroded material supplies material to the littoral budget minimising th
  9 KB (1,306 words) - 19:25, 1 August 2023
• Seawall
  ...astal erosion and other damage due to wave action and storm surge, such as flooding. Seawalls are normally very massive structures because they are designed to ...awall is a passive structure, which protects the coast against erosion and flooding. Seawalls were (are) often used at locations off exposed city fronts, where
  3 KB (523 words) - 13:06, 30 December 2022
• Revetment
  ...the definition of a seawall, however a revetment does not protect against flooding. Furthermore, a revetment is often a supplement to other types of protectio
  1 KB (179 words) - 11:46, 30 March 2021
• Shore nourishment
  ...be applied when a single dune row that protects low-lying hinterland from flooding is not strong enough to withstand extreme storm surges. Sand is placed at t ...osion by feeding sand on the beach. It is not a protection measure against flooding, as the beach is normally submerged during extreme events. However, it enha
  12 KB (1,875 words) - 15:32, 23 July 2023
• Coast protection
  ...n]] and [[coastline]] retreat, from damage to coastal settlements and from flooding of the hinterland.
  1 KB (169 words) - 17:59, 7 March 2023
• Sea defence
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and extreme astronomical tides
  1 KB (159 words) - 19:21, 9 February 2019
• Coastline
  ..., the dune belt is of crucial importance to protect the hinterland against flooding. Structural beach erosion increases the vulnerability of the dune coast and
  6 KB (879 words) - 17:04, 26 August 2022
• Dune
  ...ss. Dunes act as a kind of flexible natural protection against erosion and flooding, see [[Dune erosion]]. If the vegetation is damaged by too much traffic or
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:49, 2 February 2023
• Sea level rise
  ...these vulnerable coastal zones to sea-level rise, in particular to reduce flooding risks <ref> Hinkel, J., D.P. van Vuuren, R.J. Nicholls, and Klein, R.J.T. 2
  41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
• Shoreline management
  ...s well as low lying coastal plains that are vulnerable to both erosion and flooding due to the action of the sea. This coupled with gradually rising sea levels ...extent of wave influence on shoreline; Relates to potential for hinterland flooding.
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Foresight project, UK
  ...the UK and looks at flooding from rivers and the sea, as well as internal flooding in towns and cities. It also considers the risks of coastal erosion. ...approaches to flood and coastal management or learn to live with increased flooding.
  3 KB (532 words) - 15:10, 22 July 2019
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...oss all economic sectors. Wind or water damage from a cyclone (hurricane), flooding by tsunami, wreckage from an earthquake, or coastal erosion from storms can
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...processes, providing e.g. healthy water and soil, natural defense against flooding
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Sea dikes
  |definition= An artificial wall meant to prevent flooding of the hinterland.
  653 bytes (80 words) - 22:35, 4 July 2023
• Risk and coastal zone policy: example from the Netherlands
  ...f occurrence of an extreme event (storms, tsunamis) leading to erosion and flooding multiplied by the (socio-) economic damage caused by the storm event. The d ...currence of an extreme event (storms, tsunamis) leading to [[erosion]] and flooding multiplied by the (socio-) economic damage caused by the storm event.
  14 KB (2,223 words) - 20:01, 18 September 2023
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...apture CO₂, but also help protect the coast against erosion and flooding<ref>Van Coppenolle, R. and Temmerman, S. 2019. A global exploration of tida
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Dune erosion
  ...]]. The coastal dune belt in many cases protects low-lying hinterland from flooding by the sea. Dune erosion therefore can be a serious threat.
  42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
• French case studies: RESPONSE project
  ...dous events and existing defences. Trends of changes in erosion and marine flooding of each system were evaluated by expert advices and mapped. Crossing this i ...the low lying “lidos” systems will be submitted to erosion and marine flooding increased risks, whereas the hard rock cliff-lined coast of Pyrénées Orie
  3 KB (413 words) - 16:39, 1 August 2019
• Effect of climate change on coastline evolution
  ...he next century are needed in order to manage the resulting risks. Coastal flooding is somewhat easier to predict than erosion since inundation can be estimate
  8 KB (1,288 words) - 21:24, 19 March 2021
• Case study: Applying ASMITA to UK estuaries
  ...al coastal defences, protecting the low lying land surround estuaries from flooding. Estuaries may also be used for recreational activities such as sailing, f ...g loss of intertidal areas, leading to habitat loss, shoreline erosion and flooding of low lying areas around estuaries.
  7 KB (1,063 words) - 11:37, 13 November 2021
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...agriculture on small islands will be impacted by [[sea level rise]] due to flooding, salt water intrusion in fresh water, salination of the soils and decline i
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Coastal management
  ...ration|restoration]], coastal defence (protection from coastal erosion and flooding) amongst a wide range of other human uses. Integrated coastal management is
  2 KB (294 words) - 12:49, 8 October 2021
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  ...changes in annual and seasonal precipitation, desertification, erosion and flooding; and this will in turn affect birds, protected habitats and conservation ar
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Mediterranean Sea and Region, including Adriatic Sea
  ...istics, [[erosion]], sediment deposition, drought, [[desertification]] and flooding may intensify or shift. Coastal and beach tourism is also an important sour ==Drought, desertification and flooding==
  11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
• French case studies: Dynamic of swash bar and hook spit formation in megatidal environment, Regneville Inlet (Normandy, France)
  ..., the tidal water level fluctuations control the duration of emergence and flooding periods. The net result of these tidal fluctuations is to reduce the durati
  13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
• Stakeholder analysis
  ...vers, which may harm the safety in the catchment areas (because of risk of flooding). To prevent this, the government may propose some commissioned areas which
  7 KB (1,007 words) - 17:34, 13 July 2020
• Light revetments built-in into artificial dunes
  ...n [[revetment]] built into the dune protected the village of Kuźnica from flooding (see Figure 2).
  4 KB (532 words) - 13:45, 16 February 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...surface area of 750 000 km². It is rather a young ecosystem formed by the flooding of a landmass some 20 000 years ago. Its coast and waters are still being c
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Salinization adaptation and freshwater supply for agriculture in the Dutch Delta
  ...omic development of the Delta region was highly stimulated. Safety against flooding is nowadays on a high standard, nonetheless [[sea level rise]] and [[climat ...lution to restore the ecological quality (whilst preserving safety against flooding and transportation possibilities) (Ministeries van VROM et al. 2004<ref>Min
  15 KB (2,136 words) - 12:58, 8 October 2021
• Coastal grazing marsh
  ...and where the soil is subjected to varying water levels. Impeded drainage, flooding as a result of river banks over-topping or excessive precipitation are amon ...w and oystercatcher which also breed on salt marsh. In the winter surface flooding of parts of these same areas attract wintering wildfowl such as teal, wigeo
  8 KB (1,285 words) - 14:50, 7 October 2021
• Mangroves
  ...r's edge, where frequent tidal flooding occurs. Areas that receive shallow flooding during high tide are home to mangrove species such as ''Bruguiera gymnorhiz ...oves. It has been estimated that mangroves protect millions of people from flooding every year, notably in densely populated areas of southeast Asia and reduce
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...activity, thereby helping to mitigate coastal erosion and protect against flooding and storm surges. Field observations in a back-barrier basin on the Atlanti
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Coastal squeeze
  ...re from erosion and [[Sea defence|sea defences]] to prevent erosion and/or flooding. These and other [[Shore protection, coast protection and sea defence meth
  7 KB (1,034 words) - 13:09, 6 March 2022
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...on the wave climate, the level and propagation of tides, coastal erosion, flooding and sediment balance. In the study area of Cova do Vapor – Costa da Capar ...ount of sediment received by the estuary is mainly dependent of storms and flooding, and it was estimated at 1 to 77*10⁶ tons per year. In dry year
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Spatial and temporal variability of salt marshes
  ...hes<ref name="Salt marsh"/>. Salt marshes protect the lowlands from marine flooding by damping storm and waves and by slowing flows pushing inland (Allen, 2000 ...vation gradient are adapted to the inundation frequency, including extreme flooding and storm events.]]
  18 KB (2,451 words) - 18:54, 7 March 2023
• Revetments
  ...a supplement to seawalls or dikes at locations exposed to both erosion and flooding. Revetments are used on all types of coasts.
  6 KB (972 words) - 23:01, 26 March 2024
• Coastal protection
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and high astronomical tides. S
  2 KB (249 words) - 18:20, 7 March 2023
• Economic Value
  ...roductivity and [[biodiversity]], and the increased likelihood of drought, flooding, storm and extreme events).
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 21:07, 2 March 2024
• Socio-economic evaluation
  ...y to a recreational area, nice view) or negative (water pollution, risk of flooding). It may be to do with differences in time (time series data: prices in 197 ...ers) to prevent or reduce excessive noise, or the cost of dikes to prevent flooding. People will only incur this prevention expenditure if the expected usefuln
  10 KB (1,533 words) - 18:38, 3 March 2024
• Salt marshes
  ...of invertebrates mainly depend on protection, food and frequency of tidal flooding. <ref name=P98/> To successfully establish, annual species depend on yearl
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Thermohaline circulation of the oceans
  ...f coastal erosion|coastal erosion]], higher [[Extreme storms|storm surge]] flooding, inhibition of [[primary production]] processes, more extensive coastal inu
  23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
• Coastal defence
  ...ncompass both coast protection against erosion and [[sea defence]] against flooding.<ref name="CIRIA (1996)"> CIRIA (1996). ''Beach management manual''. CIRIA
  313 bytes (36 words) - 22:22, 17 September 2008
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...results of calculating the flooding probability are used to derive [[flood|flooding]]/[[breaching]] scenarios, which up to now have been based on experience an ...d to be flood-prone due to the respective elevation distribution. Hence, a flooding of the municipality could spread far into the hinterland of Schleswig-Holst
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• IMCORE project
  communities from [[flooding]] and [[erosion]]. To date, most attention has been focused on
  10 KB (1,460 words) - 12:27, 1 August 2019
• Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)
  ...ealthy and abundant seafood, clean beaches, and protection from storms and flooding. Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is an innovative management approach to a
  2 KB (266 words) - 17:30, 15 February 2024
• ICZM-Best practice case study in Western Zeelandic-Flanders
  ...ng public and administrative support of ICZM since the problem definition (flooding and weak development of employment in tourism) came out of the region.
  11 KB (1,569 words) - 16:12, 24 August 2020

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