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• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...ich the upstream part of an estuary or a lagoon slowly transform into land areas. ...cesses. The main types of coastal features are dunes, cliffs and low-lying areas, possibly protected by dikes or seawalls.
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ...s at the site and the possible variations over the site plus the adjoining areas ...n preliminary design considerations for artificial beaches and reclamation areas fronted by natural slopes.
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Natural causes of coastal erosion
  ...n this way causes accumulative shore and shoal features in the deposition areas, at the expense of the downstream coast. An example of this is the Skaw Spi
  14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...astline. The result is that the erosion has been shifted to less resistant areas resulting in higher area losses per year. ...irs which retain a large part of the sediment discharge from the catchment areas (Fig.5). Perhaps the best-known example of coastal erosion related to sedi
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Seawall
  |definition= A structure separating land and water areas. It is designed to prevent coastal erosion and other damage due to wave act
  3 KB (523 words) - 13:06, 30 December 2022
• Statistical description of wave parameters
  ...H. 2022. A global evaluation of the JONSWAP spectra suitability on coastal areas. Ocean Engineering 266, 112756</ref>. ...sediment transport in the coastal zone. Waves originating from different areas may have different spectra. The directional spread of incoming waves for a
  24 KB (3,898 words) - 13:12, 23 November 2023
• Currents
  ...is strongest at large water depths away from the coastline and in confined areas, such as straits and tidal inlets. ...blem is that the sheltered areas will be exposed to sedimentation and such areas must, therefore, be avoided when planning small ports.
  14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
• FUTURECOAST project, UK
  ...one particular element of the coast is influenced by evolution in adjacent areas. Often these influences extend in a number of directions, thereby further c ...that are unlikely to alter significantly, i.e. hard rock coasts, and those areas that are susceptible to change, i.e. soft coasts.
  20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...an demand of resources from the sea is increasing, particularly in coastal areas. ...ng sites, and agricultural and recreational areas, while utilising coastal areas as a dumping ground for sewage, garbage, and toxic wastes. The pressure on
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...levated concentrations in the seabed in areas where this material settles. Areas, which are also close to direct sources of input, are doubly at risk for ex
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...sensus on regulations for coastal management. The issue of valuing coastal areas is not unique. Any management of publicly-owned natural systems and resourc Not all services provided by coastal areas are subject to externalities. Services not subject to external effects are
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Policy in Poland
  ...ction, extension and maintenance of the flood protection system of coastal areas, including repair of damages of this system;
  3 KB (382 words) - 22:57, 29 July 2019
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...or the interpretation of statistics of passive tracers released in coastal areas.
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  ...he studied seabed domain), the components <math>e_{ki}</math> indicate the areas of highest variability.
  25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...getation, sometimes over 10 000 km² in size. The most extensive areas are found in the tropics, where ''Thalassia'' is the dominant seagrass genu ...concept of mitigating climate change on a global scale by using all ocean areas potentially suitable for seaweed farming to produce vast amounts of algal b
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Tidal asymmetry and tidal inlet morphodynamics
  ...ronger due to the generation of shallow-water overtides in shallow coastal areas with a large semidiurnal tidal range (dominated by M2). The distortion of ==Tidal wave deformation in the presence of friction and intertidal areas==
  53 KB (8,417 words) - 12:56, 20 January 2024
• Common biomarkers for the assessment of marine pollution
  ...ion|polluted]] marine areas, while higher ones less [[pollution|polluted]] areas.
  24 KB (3,412 words) - 18:18, 5 November 2019
• Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
  ...using Lidar in the coastal zone is its capacity of rapidly covering large areas which are otherwise difficult to survey with more conventional tools. Than ...ill not be applicable in areas with chronic moderate to high turbidity. In areas where the turbidity may be variable over a wide range of values, it is crit
  15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...nd Farquhar, D. (1999). ''Identification of Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA's) in the UK''. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Reg ...ature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm EC Birds Directive]</ref> or areas with a high value in recreational amenity or commercially exploitable biolo
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• Case study risk analysis of marine activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...[[sensitivity]] analysis (see fig. 7) is set up to identify the vulnerable areas in the coastal and marine zone of Belgium. As the interests ([[sensitivity] ...rio in which the tourist and recreational values of the coastal and marine areas have been given special attention (see fig. 8);
  17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
• North Sea pollution from shipping: legal framework
  ...l areas more stringent discharge standards apply and ports bordering these areas have to supply sufficient receptions facilities. ...ria developed by IMO. The regulation makes it mandatory for ships entering areas covered by ship reporting systems to report in to the coastal authorities g
  52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...awater wedge is weak, it can be assumed that the interface between the two areas is sharp (Figure 1a). In such cases, during the winter period, the submarin ...cular diffusion a freshwater-seawater mixing zone is built between the two areas. The mixing causes the salt water in the deeper part of the aquifer to beco
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Interpolation of measured grain-size fractions
  ...e DCS. The level of confidence in this area is logically not as high as in areas with sufficient data density.
  9 KB (1,392 words) - 23:03, 16 October 2021
• Definitions, processes and models in morphology
  ...g yields enormous quantities of polluted sediments for which safe disposal areas on land or in the aquatic system have to be found. Information of sediments
  11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
• Coastal meteorology
  ...m through blocking and actually enhance precipitation and winds in coastal areas. Increased friction over the land decreases the surface winds, which cause
  14 KB (2,127 words) - 15:18, 7 April 2022
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  ...ogy, of the coastal zone since 1993. Beginning in 2003, LOICZ expanded its areas of research to include social, political and economic sciences so that its The coastal Zone is one of the priority areas where society urgently needs advanced governance systems to set the stage f
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• The Capacity Building Concept
  ...alised agencies were supposed to actively support capacity building in the areas for which they were technically qualified e.g. FAO in the rural sector and ...ltative Meeting on Training in Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Areas for Sustainable Development, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, 21-23 June, 1993. Un
  10 KB (1,426 words) - 15:36, 4 October 2021
• Formal Capacity Building
  ...as the tool to achieve the [[Sustainable Development]] of European coastal areas. ...entists. Therefore, human capacity building efforts need to be made in two areas:
  12 KB (1,722 words) - 15:10, 5 October 2021
• Video technology
  ...ing across a seabed covered with vegetation. The scene itself contains few areas with similar properties, there are many details, changes in light and colou
  14 KB (2,315 words) - 22:50, 29 June 2019
• The Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...oastal spaces also support unique and especially fragile ecosystems, being areas of great environmental and aesthetic value. ...[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Protection_Areas Special Protection Areas] designated under the [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/
  10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
• EU ICZM Recommendation
  ...isparity of natural systems and human activities with an impact on coastal areas
  3 KB (392 words) - 11:38, 1 August 2019
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...eded to meet these objectives. It means integration of all relevant policy areas, sectors, and levels of administration. It means integration of the terrest ...climate change, which has far-reaching consequences for low-lying coastal areas, in many cases exceeds the local scale in terms of extent and complexity. A
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ...e idea that the sea could not be claimed by anyone contrary to terrestrial areas which are the only territories that can be occupied by a nation. The book w ...untries gradually gave up their claims on national sovereignty of maritime areas. From the XVIII^th century, the legislation for the sea started t
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  All areas that are protected under the Birds and Habitats Directives form an ecologic NATURA 2000 is a network of protected areas across the EU, which was established in 1992.
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Floating breakwaters
  ...ctures for marinas in semi-protected areas. They are especially suited for areas where the tidal range is high, as they follow the water-level. Floating bre ...mpared to conventional fixed breakwaters. They can be effective in coastal areas with mild wave environment conditions (significant wave height not much gre
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Harmful algal bloom
  ...na, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. It is not known exactly how toxin producing algae develop. What is known, ...storms or coastal upwelling, enabling (re)colonisation of existing and new areas. Advection and dispersion of HABs, increasing turbulent shear forces breaki
  23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
• Stakeholder analysis
  ...r the concepts in the diagrams (for instance: more safety in the catchment areas), and then Quasta explores scenarios which are ''consistent'' with these di ...language was Spanish and the topic of discussion was restricted management areas for fisheries. The second workshop was part of the project 'Sustainable liv
  7 KB (1,007 words) - 17:34, 13 July 2020
• Decision support tools
  ...ment, for example, to specify and prioritize vulnerable locations and risk areas based on multiple criteria or to support the development of flood and salt ...king vulnerabilities of coastal sections and helps identify the vulnerable areas that require protection measures.
  12 KB (1,735 words) - 20:16, 18 September 2023
• Value Transfer
  * Coastal areas provides public goods and services, which generates difficulties for their
  6 KB (864 words) - 17:19, 15 July 2020
• Ballast water
  ...causes a massive spread of marine organisms from their native habitats to areas where they do not naturally occur. Ballast water is therefore widely regard * Guidelines on designation of areas for ballast water exchange (G14) (resolution MEPC.151(55));
  23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  ...corridors, which may restrict northward displacement of organisms in these areas.<ref name="Nicholls"> Nicholls, R.J.; Klein,R.J.T. (2005). Climate change a
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...n communities, or in very harsh environments, but less adequate for larger areas, higher diversity or higher number of individuals<ref name=A21>Antao, L.H.,
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...ts of the sea makes it extremely productive and one of the most productive areas in the world, with a wide range of [[plankton]], fish, seabirds and benthic ...e Atlantic Ocean. The morphology of the sea floor is dominated by two deep areas on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge with depths down to 5 000 m and a s
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Sampling tools for the marine environment
  ...l proportion of these have the ability to effectively collect samples from areas of relatively coarse sediments which are characteristic of dredging sites. ...recommended for the collection of qualitative samples as a last resort in areas of coarse, unconsolidated sediments which are too rough or uneven to permit
  21 KB (3,409 words) - 22:24, 20 August 2020
• Contingent Valuation Method
  ...rces such as the protection of natural parks or [[biodiversity]] sensitive areas, which play an important role in guaranteeing the protection of local wildl ...., with and without the policy. Interdisciplinary work with other research areas, namely the biological sciences, is recommended;
  18 KB (2,682 words) - 23:08, 28 February 2022
• Impacts from maritime transport
  ...osed for fishing and shellfish extraction, and in most cases, the affected areas would not be re-opened until a few months later. When the Prestige sank, i
  9 KB (1,422 words) - 15:35, 20 September 2020
• Impacts originating from the tourism sector
  Direct effects are highly relevant in nearby areas from which leisure ports obtain supplies. In contrast, apart from other eff
  24 KB (3,485 words) - 17:12, 10 July 2020
• Impacts caused by increasing urbanization
  ...sures in the Mediterranean results from increasing urbanization of coastal areas. This article illustrates the entity of the phenomena and of values interes ...tries covered in this study. In the 30 years to 2000 densities in coastal areas increased by 49 percent, ranging from a low of 5 percent in Croatia, to a h
  16 KB (2,380 words) - 17:04, 15 July 2020
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  ...The latter are divided into people that visit the coast or live in coastal areas but not in close proximity to the sea, and people that want to see the coas ...bly between the two sites. The Lido Di Dante has three relatively distinct areas, varying by the levels of development – the least developed end is the mo
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...as been placed on managing the multiple use of marine space, especially in areas where conflicts among users and the environment are already clear as, for e ...r protect marine [[biodiversity]], is through the delineation of protected areas in which human pressure is reduced or excluded. Today not only economic and
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024

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