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  • ...out 2.5-3.0 meters above mean sea level (MSL) and are intensively built-up areas. One former lagoon still is occupied by a lake, in the other, marshes devel ==Initial problem==
    13 KB (1,840 words) - 16:14, 24 August 2020
  • ...(s), new downstream groynes were built, which shifted the lee side erosion problem even further downstream. ...astline. The result is that the erosion has been shifted to less resistant areas resulting in higher area losses per year.
    29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
  • ...oughout the world and artificial pocket beaches are usually constructed in areas where natural beaches are fairly narrow or absent. These artificial pocket ...ep coastal profiles. This type of coast has a large [[littoral transport]] potential and is often exposed to [[erosion]] and will therefore in many cases alread
    4 KB (646 words) - 17:40, 18 January 2022
  • |definition=The act of dealing – in a planned way – with actual and potential coastal erosion and its relation to planned or existing development activit #To ensure that development activities do not occur in sensitive areas
    38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
  • ...metimes lack of data. However, whilst nothing can be done about the former problem, the latter is minimised since DeCyDe-for-Sustainability is flexible and ro ...quality in the Baltic, North and Mediterranean Seas is still problematic. Potential new problems in the future relate to the development of wind and wave power
    25 KB (3,543 words) - 21:40, 7 August 2021
  • ...reshwater, but also covers the coastal and transitional waters. In coastal areas, the WFD is in force up to one nautical mile from the territorial baseline ...atus", the environmental objective for HMWB and for AWB is good ecological potential (GEP), which has to be achieved by 2015.</P>
    12 KB (1,701 words) - 17:38, 3 September 2020
  • ...s related to marine activities and to marine and coastal [[ecosystems]] as potential receptor. Depending on the characteristics of the problem under review and the availability and form of data required, the annalist n
    36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
  • ==Problem formulation and hazard identification== Release assessment is the identification of the potential of the risk source to introduce hazardous agents (oil and HNS) into the mar
    17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
  • ...egated or dedicated ballast tanks. All ships (also fishing vessels) can be potential dischargers of oil residues and/or oil contaminated residues (bilge water). ...l areas more stringent discharge standards apply and ports bordering these areas have to supply sufficient receptions facilities.
    52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
  • ...ales described in the conceptual models of geomorphologists. An additional problem is that the type of model often used to bridge this gap, which is based on ...ted a marked increase in complexity of shore response to sea-level rise in areas where alongshore sediment transport was important, even observing some shor
    8 KB (1,288 words) - 21:24, 19 March 2021
  • ...awater wedge is weak, it can be assumed that the interface between the two areas is sharp (Figure 1a). In such cases, during the winter period, the submarin ...cular diffusion a freshwater-seawater mixing zone is built between the two areas. The mixing causes the salt water in the deeper part of the aquifer to beco
    31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
  • ...account other ecosystem features, such as trophic structure, reproductive potential, competitive interaction, etc., in combination with changes in physical and ...ling size and effort. Two species richness indices try to account for this problem:
    49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
  • ...ts of the sea makes it extremely productive and one of the most productive areas in the world, with a wide range of [[plankton]], fish, seabirds and benthic ...e Atlantic Ocean. The morphology of the sea floor is dominated by two deep areas on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge with depths down to 5 000 m and a s
    26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
  • ...The latter are divided into people that visit the coast or live in coastal areas but not in close proximity to the sea, and people that want to see the coas ...nal to the amenity value provided by the view itself. This study shows the potential for the use of [[Hedonic Evaluation Approach|hedonic analysis]] to further
    28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
  • ...as been placed on managing the multiple use of marine space, especially in areas where conflicts among users and the environment are already clear as, for e ...r protect marine [[biodiversity]], is through the delineation of protected areas in which human pressure is reduced or excluded. Today not only economic and
    36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
  • ...n activities. There are many sources of nutrient runoffs : unsewered urban areas, construction sites, combustion of fossil fuels by traffic, industries and ...n is more restricted and limited to specific coastal and adjacent offshore areas, especially in the Adriatic, Gulf of Lion and northern Aegean Sea. The main
    26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
  • ...eygondeau G, Wabnitz CCC, Troell M, Cheung WWL (2018) Global estimation of areas with suitable environmental conditions for mariculture species. PLoS ONE 13 Mariculture can play an important role, especially in rural areas, for food security, economic and social welfare.
    46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
  • ...olvement of stakeholders in steering groups for the re-arrangement of dune areas or nature reserves .... Sometimes federal, regional and local laws are needed to tackle just one problem. This makes public participation more complicated.
    93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
  • ...ic level]] of reported catches had declined over the years. For all marine areas, the trend has been a decline in the mean trophic level of the fisheries la ...on of sediment may affect the settlement and feeding of the biota in other areas<ref name="Jennings1998"/>. The effects of sediment resuspension include the
    33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
  • ...e recently become sites of serious environmental problems. One outstanding problem is the [[erosion]] of deltaic coasts. A major cause of such erosion is a de [[Coastal erosion]] has been a world-wide problem in recent decades. An estimate made by Bird shows that about 70% of the wor
    15 KB (2,371 words) - 17:56, 2 January 2021
  • ...extent to which knowledge exchange has successfully occurred, and identify areas and options for future improvement. ...ntributes to filling the science-policy gap. Here we cite ten views of the problem of science-policy interaction, from the review paper Bridging Research and
    24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
  • ...ructures is generally not available for assessing their tsunami generating potential. For this reason, probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments (PTHAs) are usua ...<http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml></ref>. In low-lying coastal areas (less than 10 m elevation above mean sea level) tsunamis can penetrate seve
    28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
  • ..._fig2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Figure 2: Mangrove creeks are highly productive areas providing fish and other products for subsistence and for the local market. ...Local fishers use the most rudimentary equipment which has exacerbated the problem of over fishing in coastal waters. The tried and tested traditionally metho
    16 KB (2,479 words) - 14:59, 9 September 2020
  • ...e of species invasion. Non-native species are found primarily in disturbed areas, such as harbours, bays, [[estuaries]] and semi-enclosed seas where the com ...023<ref>Mghili, B., De-la-Torre, G.E. and Aksissou, M. 2023. Assessing the potential for the introduction and spread of alien species with marine litter. Marine
    27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
  • This article deals with the potential impact of climate change on cities that are located on the coast and theref ...: 3592</ref> shows that in 2020, 197–347 million people lived in coastal areas less than 2 m above sea level, of which 59% in tropical Asia and 10% in tro
    51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
  • ...s. ''P. oceanica'' beds cover between 25,000 and 50,000 km2 of the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, corresponding to 25% of the sea bottom at depths betw ...ganic matter and nourishing salts than adjacent sediment of the bare sandy areas, and an army of different suspension-feeding animals such as feather stars,
    37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
  • [[Marine debris|Marine debris]] is found in all seas areas of the world – not only in densely populated regions, but also in remote ...tfishing, mainly by derelict fishing gear (e.g. nets) is a problem in many areas around the world. This is when a derelict gear item continues to fish thoug
    6 KB (881 words) - 17:51, 4 August 2020
  • ...omic growth, technical development and will boost significantly the export potential. Another driving factor for wind farm development in the sea is the aim of ...Sea]], UNCLOS (German: Seerechtsübereinkommen) nations are allowed to use areas up to 200 nautical miles in their exclusive economic zones for the construc
    17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
  • ...ntal problems in the coastal zone, then make a model for dealing with this problem and predict the outcome. The SAF is about designing of a conceptual model ...the 1980s, when there was a shift away from dealing with narrower problem areas towards broader and more integrated assessments of environmental issues. En
    24 KB (3,649 words) - 16:22, 2 September 2020
  • ...al Zone] applications in support of [[Sustainable Development]] in Coastal Areas and in the context of [[Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)|ICZM]]. T ...he Issue. The goal Alternative Strategies is to make readily accessable to potential SAF users, information regarding political strategies, technical options, a
    14 KB (1,931 words) - 22:26, 6 July 2020
  • ...al conditions and needs. Most of the units are designed to provide nursery areas for fish, to permit a good water recirculation, promote current deflections [[Image:ARLayout.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Figure 3: Potential planform layouts for artificial reefs]]
    41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
  • ...n the steady increase of human activities along the coast and in its inner areas. This article presents an overview of its environmental condition and its c ...squatting, quarrying, and forest fires. Most expert estimates, that the areas of forest in the Northern Range have declined.
    20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
  • '''Distinctive''' - retaining the cultural distinctiveness of coastal areas, including their architecture, customs and landscapes, recognising the Medi ...e benchmarks will be provided, but they should be reviewed to identify the potential to exceed them as a minimum aspiration.
    13 KB (1,876 words) - 11:54, 25 July 2020
  • [[Image:BeachZones.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Fig. 1. Beach areas that alternately accrete and erode under the influence of waves.]] In temperate climate zones, muddy shores occur mainly in sheltered areas within bays, lagoons and estuaries. The dominant vegetation species are ''S
    76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
  • Coastal areas, like [[estuaries]], are high-energetic environments where organisms are ex ...ructs the flow, thereby diverting it and increasing flow velocities in the areas adjacent to the canopy because of conservation of mass and energy (Bouma ''
    43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
  • ...maritime area and identifying the actions needed to achieve [[non-problem areas]].</P> It characterises maritime areas with regard to eutrophication as:
    4 KB (568 words) - 13:40, 30 July 2020
  • ...high permeability of gravel which, compared to a sand beach, increases the potential for infiltration during the swash uprush and exfiltration during the swash ...ity studies of port extensions, derivation of sediment budgets for coastal areas and the appraisal of long term beach stability.
    40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
  • ...organisms increase in relative importance versus crustacean zooplankton in areas where the natural species diversity has been affected by pollution, over-fi ...d Gobler, C.J. 2014. Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 148: 1-13</ref>. Acidification is an
    19 KB (2,819 words) - 11:05, 20 February 2024
  • ...by experienced engineers who possess a comprehensive understanding of the problem domain. This leads to severe constraints on the use of models and large gap ...est out of both Physical Models (PM) and Numerical Models (NM) for a given problem – apply each for that geographical area or for those scales where it perf
    99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
  • [[Mud]] in coastal areas is mainly found in [[intertidal]] deposits <ref name= "ref 1">Eisma, D. et ...en better and be transported over longer distances or accumulate in deeper areas. For example, mud pebbles are formed along the low water line of the intert
    28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
  • ...with topics of general relevance for societies, and therefore has a strong potential to influence political decisions. The interaction between science and polit ...ykes]] safe? Will further heightening of the dykes help to protect coastal areas? Is there a limit up to which dykes can be heightened? Will some people hav
    21 KB (3,266 words) - 13:04, 13 July 2020
  • Numerical models represent the real problem but with some simplifications. Thus, the modeller is forced to make a compr ...at of major field experiments, but this depends on the exact nature of the problem being studied.
    54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
  • ..., with more on the way. Nevertheless, the seas and oceans represent a huge potential source of new drugs, innovative treatments and diagnostic tools for human a * Overcome the supply problem to provide a sustainable source of novel pharmaceutical and healthcare prod
    2 KB (311 words) - 13:11, 7 November 2013
  • ...members to reduce [[phosphorus]] and [[nitrogen]] inputs into the maritime areas and to combat eutrophication to achieve a healthy environment where eutroph ...to eutrophication (non-problem areas, potential problem areas and problem areas).</P>
    17 KB (2,396 words) - 11:11, 20 February 2024
  • * In the future, pan-European collaborations may also receive funding from a potential ERA-NET in Marine Biotechnology Research (as being developed by the CSA MAR ...h priorities for marine biotechnology research and identify some potential areas of common interest which might benefit from transnational cooperation in Eu
    31 KB (4,415 words) - 10:05, 10 August 2019
  • ...the DSS is to understand the risks linked to climate change on the coastal areas of Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions. ...d. [[Stakeholders]] were selected based on our knowledge regarding coastal areas planning and management bodies of the two regions
    2 KB (345 words) - 22:07, 1 August 2019
  • ...e and ecology of the species, method of introduction and distribution, the potential impacts or measurable impact of the species on the environment and possible The problem non-indigenous species is not new. Early in history we find reports of such
    8 KB (1,291 words) - 12:25, 7 November 2013
  • ...due to the risk of flooding, leaving retreat as the only option. In other areas it may be possible to maintain the current coastline through adaptation mea Measures aimed at delaying withdrawal from vulnerable coastal areas and measures to prepare for withdrawal are not mutually exclusive, but can
    30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
  • ...igure 1) forms the first French shell deposit reservoir and contains large areas of marine plants (samphire (glasswort), sea aster and sea sodas). Picking m ...n of the sea) and the Research Group of Environments Estuarine and Coastal Areas. In this co-management decision-making system, scientists have an advisory
    8 KB (1,296 words) - 20:57, 30 July 2019
  • ...pid assessment of coastal flooding and erosion risk, the prioritisation of areas where interventions are urgently required, the understanding of the effecti ...s communicating present and possible trends in risk, building awareness of potential impacts and their implications.
    17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024

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