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• Case study risk analysis of marine activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...on shipping, historical ship accident data indicates that almost all open-water shipping losses (excepting causes such as war or piracy) can be categorised ...the number of vessel-miles defined in the shipping pattern input data. The quality of this input data is therefore of critical importance to the output from t
  17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
• Dalyan-Koycegiz Special Protected Area
  ...uth-west coast of Turkey. It has a very diverse landscape of rivers, fresh water lake, delta, lagoons, sandy beaches, hills and sloping pine forests. The le - Water quality management
  5 KB (792 words) - 13:05, 12 July 2020
• Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas
  ...nitoring: A practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programmes, Edited by J. Bartram and R. Ballance]
  5 KB (654 words) - 20:48, 19 August 2020
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...sea, and not via surface streams. Groundwater is synonymous with soil pore water. In order to assess the magnitude of SGD, different investigations based on ...ichael H.A., Mulligan A.E. and Harvey C.F. (2005) Seasonal oscillations in water exchange between aquifers and the coastal ocean. ''Nature'' '''436''' 1145-
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Measuring instruments for coasts
  ...rap is restricted to surf zones with wave heights less than about 0.5 m in water depths upto l m. Antsyferov et al (1990<ref name="ants"/>) used traps mount Towed sledges or trailers with a mast above the water surface have been used for cross-shore bed level soundings and wave height
  12 KB (1,782 words) - 11:43, 7 September 2020
• Principles, statistics and errors of measuring sediment transport
  Traditional sampling instruments (based on taking samples of water and sediment) as well as electronic sensoring instruments (based on optical ...of the fact that the quality of the total study can only be as good as the quality of the information gained through sampling. Thus, any errors incurred durin
  7 KB (944 words) - 15:27, 20 August 2020
• Measuring instruments for sediment transport
  ...ed as depth-integrating samplers, which means continuous sampling over the water depth by lowering and raising the instrument at a constant transit rate. ...ected. Since calibration is involved, the accuracy strongly depends on the quality/reliability of the calibration curves. Hence, many calibration samples are
  27 KB (3,920 words) - 22:17, 19 August 2020
• Endocrine disrupting compounds in the coastal environment
  ...for changes in human health and reproduction (decline in sperm counts and quality, impotence, increased incidence of genital abnormalities and increased inci ...ntal monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic disrupting compounds in water: A review. ''Chemosphere'', '''65''' 1265-1280 </ref>
  13 KB (1,849 words) - 18:09, 3 August 2020
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...s a mature technology. Ocean storage, or the direct release into the ocean water column or onto the deep seafloor, has been researched less. This storage op ...ents, which affect tourism, agriculture, and the delivery of health, fresh water, food, and other essential services. Coral reefs, marine fisheries, and mar
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Underwater video systems
  This article describes the equipment used to capture video in water. [[Underwater video]] is an example of a [[video technology]]. See also [[a Underwater video systems refers to the equipment used to capture video in water (or other liquids), and to playback the material. The equipment can be divi
  18 KB (3,032 words) - 15:13, 22 August 2020
• Video technology
  ...and use of underwater video]], for an introduction to equipment used under water, see [[underwater video systems]]. ...it/s, sometimes bps). More bits per second is mostly equal to better video quality. The bit rate can be fixed or variable, real-time, streaming video often us
  14 KB (2,315 words) - 22:50, 29 June 2019
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...peting) societal interests, such as public safety, infrastructure, nature, water, physical planning, housing, fisheries, agriculture, tourism, industry and ...gement in low-lying coastal zones|Groundwater management]] and alternative water supply (incl. recharge of aquifers)
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• Coastal Cities
  ...23-5</ref>. Urban sprawl has also negatively affected the urban coast’s quality of life, creating a population density that leads to problems concerning em ...ronmental aggravations. It is essential for an urban coast to offer a good quality environment for the users avoiding issues such us:
  8 KB (1,192 words) - 11:48, 7 September 2020
• Updating NorVision - Towards a New Spatial Agenda for the North Sea Region
  ...ows partners to share knowledge, money and opportunities for improving the quality of life for everyone in the North Sea Region. ...hsea.org/Userfiles/File/Norvision/Coastal%20Water%20Management.pdf Coastal Water Management (CWM)]. Atkins were commissioned by Resource Analysis Consult NV
  5 KB (756 words) - 22:31, 1 August 2019
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  ...nd Natura 2004. Coastal and marine areas will be impacted changes in water quality and quantity, changes in annual and seasonal precipitation, desertification
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Carrying capacity
  ...abitat can support indefinitely without deterioration of the character and quality of the resource; <br> 2. The level of use, at a given level of management, *The maximum quantity of fish that any particular body of water can support over a long period without negative effects to the fish and to
  1 KB (175 words) - 13:07, 1 March 2022
• Estuary
  ...osed embayment of the coast in which fresh run-off water mixes with saline water entering from the ocean. }} ...re tidal motion can still have important consequences for ecosystem, water quality and morphology – for example: import of marine sediments and organisms, g
  4 KB (540 words) - 13:40, 20 January 2024
• Floating breakwaters
  ...ecially suited for areas where the tidal range is high, as they follow the water-level. Floating breakwaters are seldom used as shoreline protection structu #'' Deep water:'' In water depths in excess of 6 m, bottom connected breakwaters are often more expens
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Mediterranean Sea and Region, including Adriatic Sea
  ...eratures and salinity will increase. [[Biodiversity]], conservation, water quality, quantity and seasonal flows are significantly affected. The negative impac ...algal bloom]]s and jellyfish in Mediterranean due to combination of higher water temperatures, overfishing and nutrient influxes. [[Algal bloom]]s are boost
  11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
• Some definitions of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...rm coastal management issues, including habitat loss, degradation of water quality, changes in hydrological cycles, depletion of coastal resources, and adapta
  4 KB (527 words) - 10:57, 14 September 2020
• Value Transfer
  ...or a group of sites, in a sort of meta-analysis. For example, the value of water can be explained as a function of specific variables linked to the site (ph ...the Damage Database of the [http://www.oieau.fr/ International Office for Water] in France.
  6 KB (864 words) - 17:19, 15 July 2020
• Hedonic Evaluation Approach
  ...the [[economic value]] of environmental goods such as noise, air or water quality, landscape and similar goods. ...hase separately the room, the preferred location, the panoramic qualities, quality of air or of surrounding landscape. It is one frequently applied methodolog
  6 KB (856 words) - 17:18, 15 July 2020
• Coupled hydrodynamic - water quality - ecological modelling
  ...resents the 'effect chain' approach for modelling marine and coastal water quality and ecology. ...algae die, the nutrients in their cells are partly released back into the water, creating a nutrient cycle. Some dead algae cells settle to the bottom as o
  7 KB (1,046 words) - 17:21, 7 September 2020
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...ry Partnership assess the level of community understanding regarding water quality issues, biodiversity and recreational opportunities on the River Thames. C ...clear. Following recent examples of implementation of EU policy (e.g. the Water Framework Directive), it is obvious that there will be a need for capacity
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Ballast water
  ...Tide: Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/529 ...an carry in excess of 200,000 m3 of ballast water. When pumping up ballast water, local marine organisms will inevitably also be included and probably also
  23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
• Wastewater
  ...ter|definition=Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domesti
  328 bytes (43 words) - 17:41, 11 July 2007
• WFD list of priority substances
  ...risk to the aquatic environment and water used for the production of drink water. ...priority hazardous substances. <ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-dangersub/pri_substances.htm http://ec.europa.eu July 30 2009]</ref>
  4 KB (536 words) - 12:57, 31 July 2019
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  The effects may be related to changing water temperatures, changing water circulation or changing habitat; as a consequence of these changes, altere ...chronized with seasonal production cycles of phytoplankton. Increasing sea water temperatures may advance the timing of reproduction of these fish species;
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...Hwang, I.S., Maeng, J.H., Rosenberg, R. and Honh, J.S. 2010. Environmental quality of Korean coasts as determined by modified Shannon–Wiener evenness propor ...., Lim, D. and Oh, S.-Y. 2022. Application and Validation of an Ecological Quality Index, ISEP, in the Yellow Sea. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10, 1908</ref>.
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...onal and non-governmental organization initiatives to assess environmental quality in the North Sea area. The most important are: the ‘continuous plankton r ...It takes 25-35 years for all the water in the Baltic to be replenished by water from the North Sea and beyond.
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Sampling tools for the marine environment
  ...rine environment. These relate to species occuring on the sea surface, the water column and on the seabed. ...towed, although lacking in devices for controlling its passage through the water column, which is otherwise determined by hydrodynamic forces generated natu
  21 KB (3,409 words) - 22:24, 20 August 2020
• Contingent Valuation Method
  ...urchase or sale. This yields their willing to pay (WTP) for the quality of quality of the good or service under question, or willingness to accept compensatio ...tools, economists are able assess the individual demand for environmental quality and thus quantify in monetary terms the underlying welfare changes. The typ
  18 KB (2,682 words) - 23:08, 28 February 2022
• Salinization adaptation and freshwater supply for agriculture in the Dutch Delta
  ...everal newly created freshwater basins provided opportunities for drinking water supply and agriculture. The hydraulic engineering projects have been execut ...rine dynamics in the Delta an important solution to restore the ecological quality (whilst preserving safety against flooding and transportation possibilities
  15 KB (2,136 words) - 12:58, 8 October 2021
• Impacts caused by increasing urbanization
  ...Ortega, J.A Cañas-Madueño, P. Ruiz-Aviles (2004) “Assessing the Visual Quality of Rural Landscapes.” Landscape and Urban Planning 69 115-125 :Luttik, J. (2000) “The Value of Trees, Water and Open Space as Reflected By House Prices in the Netherlands” Landscape
  16 KB (2,380 words) - 17:04, 15 July 2020
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  ...hese characteristics increases. A scoring matrix was used to determine the quality of the ocean view for each site. They estimate that for the best views with ...nt land use regulations: houses with frontage, views and distance from the water. They find that the value of lost frontage, views and distance leads to a l
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...onal concerns about nature included direct impacts such as declining water quality, pollution or [[habitat]] loss. More recently, environmental concerns shift ...blic facilities and energy supplies, transport, supply of resources, water quality, prevention of noise and waste disposal, protection of the marine environme
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
• Eutrophication in coastal environments
  ...increased sedimentation and oxygen consumption, oxygen depletion in lower water layers and, sometimes, mortality of [[benthic]] animals and fish. Mitigatio *oxygen depletion in lower water layers (see [[Estuarine turbidity maximum]])
  18 KB (2,538 words) - 12:37, 30 March 2022
• Mangroves
  Mangroves are the only trees that are capable of thriving in salt water. They form unique [[intertidal]] forests at the edge of land and sea, see F ...rtially exposed network of roots that grow down from the branches into the water and sediment. They settle where there is little [[waves|wave action]] and w
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...erranean Sea, the Canary Islands and the North African coast. It is a warm water seagrass. ...ution is restricted by the mixing zone of Mediterranean water and Atlantic water. Other species may successfully invade in European waters if seeds or fragm
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Ecological thresholds and regime shifts
  | Clear water, Benthic vegetation|| Turbid water, Blue-green algae |Seagrass beds|| Algae and muddy water
  13 KB (1,919 words) - 12:33, 2 March 2024
• Eutrophication related monitoring tasks and WFD for coastal waters in Greece
  .../EEC) addresses the major point sources, in particular the municipal waste water discharges. The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) deals with the diffuse poll ===Water Framework Directive (WFD)===
  26 KB (3,720 words) - 21:54, 1 August 2019
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...sing the vulnerability to erosion of these cliffs is golf course watering. Water load due to watering increases the probability of landslides. ...n process between the Vale do Lobo beach resort management society and the Water Institute.
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Turbidity sensors
  ...on). Turbidity is not, however, a direct measure of suspended particles in water, but a measure of the scattering effect such particles have on light. ...ogeneous system that only attenuates the radiation that goes through it. A water sample that contains undissolved particles attenuates the incident light an
  14 KB (2,148 words) - 15:04, 22 August 2020
• Data processing and output of Lidar
  ===Data quality check === ...n internal quality check of the raw data and b) an external quality check. Quality checking mainly means making sure of three points: the data density (to ens
  12 KB (1,887 words) - 13:22, 7 December 2023
• HyMap: Hyperspectral seafloor mapping and direct bathymetry calculation in littoral zones
  ...e corrected as well as the optical properties of water constituents in the water bulk. The physics based modular inversion and processing system MIP enables ...the mineral exploration market, but has since conquered many other areas, water remote sensing being one of them. It allows airborne RS data to be collecte
  19 KB (2,865 words) - 13:10, 7 December 2023
• Model validation
  | definition= Model validation is the formal confirmation of the model quality criteria achieved in [[model calibration]]. For model validation a set of i This definition is based on practical experience in modelling surface water behaviour. See also [[Reduction of uncertainties through Data Model Integra
  498 bytes (70 words) - 16:37, 6 December 2007
• Optical measurements in coastal waters
  Optical sensor data allows the assessment of in-water properties, such as suspended matter or [[phytoplankton]] concentration, [[ ...of seawater can be considered as the sum of the partial contributions from water itself and a number of optically significant constituents. Four classes of
  16 KB (2,211 words) - 21:29, 24 February 2024
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...lutions. The issue of observing the state of pollution and improving water quality near coastal zones has been addressed in different ways in most coastal cou ...in medias, accidental pollutions only stand for a small part of the whole water pollution which is mostly caused by chronic pollutions and waste discharge
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• European Context of Nutrient Dynamics
  ...hart (1995), Nutrient dynamics in the North Sea: Fluxes and budgets in the water derived from ERSEM, Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 33, 301-335.</ref> ...Billen, G., J. Garnier, and V. Rousseau (2005), Nutrient fluxes and water quality in the drainage network of the Scheldt basin over the last 50 years. Ecolog
  8 KB (1,173 words) - 11:43, 4 February 2021
• Mariculture
  ...sh water and include culture methods that take place in salty and brackish water that is situated in the coastal zone (CBD, 2004<ref name="CBD">Secretariat Some forms of mariculture provide good quality food and the production is more efficient than that of terrestrial animals;
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024

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