https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&feed=atom&action=historyUN Convention on the Law of the Sea - Revision history2024-03-29T15:00:06ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.31.7https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=80672&oldid=prevDronkers J at 14:57, 1 February 20242024-02-01T14:57:59Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:57, 1 February 2024</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Definition|title= UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Definition|title= UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea] (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea] (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The legislation for the sea is the set of laws and international agreements related to the use of the ''sea'', defined as freely and naturally connected expanses of salt water, by the different countries and business. Since sea has always represented a wealth of natural resources as well as highly strategic military positions being in the center of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">geopolitic </del>stakes, regulations about its use have been established for ages and the corpus of laws is now covering a lot of different topics.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The legislation for the sea is the set of laws and international agreements related to the use of the ''sea'', defined as freely and naturally connected expanses of salt water, by the different countries and business. Since sea has always represented a wealth of natural resources as well as highly strategic military positions being in the center of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">geopolitical </ins>stakes, regulations about its use have been established for ages and the corpus of laws is now covering a lot of different topics.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= History =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= History =</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>UNCLOS also established two new international institutions to control the use of the maritime territory and settle disagreements between countries.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>UNCLOS also established two new international institutions to control the use of the maritime territory and settle disagreements between countries.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''International tribunal for the law of the sea''', based in Hamburg (Germany), is an <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">independant </del>intergovernmental organization is responsible for settling disputes between countries who signed the treaty. It is made up of 21 judges elected by the state parties.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''International tribunal for the law of the sea''', based in Hamburg (Germany), is an <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">independent </ins>intergovernmental organization is responsible for settling disputes between countries who signed the treaty. It is made up of 21 judges elected by the state parties<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. It has jurisdiction over any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention, and over all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on the Tribunal. Disputes relating to the Convention may concern the delimitation of maritime zones, navigation, conservation and management of the living resources of the sea, protection and preservation of the marine environment and marine scientific research</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''International seabed authority''' is a special organism established to control the activities of mining minerals in the international seabed as defined by UNCLOS and therefore beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. It has been created in 1994, although its assignments are defined in the conference in 1982.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''International seabed authority <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(ISA)</ins>''' is a special organism established to control the activities of mining minerals in the international seabed as defined by UNCLOS and therefore beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. It has been created in 1994, although its assignments are defined in the conference in 1982<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. ISA is committed to protect the seabed for the shared benefit of humankind and to the principle that all nations should benefit from responsible, sustainable and regulated economic activities in the deep seabed, including deep-sea mining and from the potential resources the deep sea holds for a global green transition. ISA works to ensure that the voices of all States and stakeholders, including developing States, civil society organizations and all ISA Member States, are effectively heard in discussions around the sustainable development of the deep seabed</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== The International Maritime Organization: the long arm of UNCLOS ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== The International Maritime Organization: the long arm of UNCLOS ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l77" >Line 77:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Through the work of IMO, a number of international conventions adds up to the legislation for the sea. Some of the most notable ones are the following:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Through the work of IMO, a number of international conventions adds up to the legislation for the sea. Some of the most notable ones are the following:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''International convention for the safety of life at sea (SOLAS).''' The first version was prepared in 1914 after the sinking of the Titanic. It was made to make it mandatory for ships to have sufficient numbers of lifeboats and emergency <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipments</del>. It also prescribed safety procedures. This first version was extended during the XX<sup>th</sup> century. In its last version, SOLAS requires flag states to ensure their ships comply with safety standards in design, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipments </del>and operation. It also has provisions for radiocommunications, stowage of cargoes and the minimal crew to operate the ship. One of its latest amendment is the '''International Ship and Port facility Security code''' which establishes minimum security procedures for ships and ports and make them take preventive measures against terrorism or other security incidents affecting ships and ports.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''International convention for the safety of life at sea (SOLAS).''' The first version was prepared in 1914 after the sinking of the Titanic. It was made to make it mandatory for ships to have sufficient numbers of lifeboats and emergency <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipment</ins>. It also prescribed safety procedures. This first version was extended during the XX<sup>th</sup> century. In its last version, SOLAS requires flag states to ensure their ships comply with safety standards in design, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipment </ins>and operation. It also has provisions for radiocommunications, stowage of cargoes and the minimal crew to operate the ship. One of its latest amendment is the '''International Ship and Port facility Security code''' which establishes minimum security procedures for ships and ports and make them take preventive measures against terrorism or other security incidents affecting ships and ports.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''International regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG).'''<ref>Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea. International maritime</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''International regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG).'''<ref>Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea. International maritime</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>organization, Oct. 20, 1972. URL: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea.</ref> This convention signed in 1972 describes navigation rules that ships have to comply with in order to avoid collisions with other vessels. Rules cover a large scope of fields: sailing and steering, lights and shapes, sound and light signals, depending also on the external visibility.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>organization, Oct. 20, 1972. URL: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea.</ref> This convention signed in 1972 describes navigation rules that ships have to comply with in order to avoid collisions with other vessels. Rules cover a large scope of fields: sailing and steering, lights and shapes, sound and light signals, depending also on the external visibility.   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l142" >Line 142:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 143:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The convention is completed in some aspects by the '''United Nations fish stocks agreement''' in 1995 which sets out concrete principles for the conservation of fish stocks. The agreement provides a framework for the management of resources and promotes good order in the oceans. The food and agriculture organization of the United Nations developed on that matter with the '''Agreement to promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas''' and a '''Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries'''.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The convention is completed in some aspects by the '''United Nations fish stocks agreement''' in 1995 which sets out concrete principles for the conservation of fish stocks. The agreement provides a framework for the management of resources and promotes good order in the oceans. The food and agriculture organization of the United Nations developed on that matter with the '''Agreement to promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas''' and a '''Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries'''.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly-Migratory Fish Stocks agreement'''<ref>Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. United Nations, Sept. 8, 1995. URL: http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/CONF.164/37&Lang=E.</ref> was adopted in 1995 by the United Nations to improve the management of fish stocks in regions which span wide areas and are of economic and environmental concern to several nations. Straddling stocks are defined as fish stocks that migrate through several <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">excluse </del>economic zones. They are especially vulnerable to overexploitation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly-Migratory Fish Stocks agreement'''<ref>Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. United Nations, Sept. 8, 1995. URL: http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/CONF.164/37&Lang=E.</ref> was adopted in 1995 by the United Nations to improve the management of fish stocks in regions which span wide areas and are of economic and environmental concern to several nations. Straddling stocks are defined as fish stocks that migrate through several <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">exclusive </ins>economic zones. They are especially vulnerable to overexploitation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Telecommunications ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Telecommunications ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the operation of laying down a telecommunication cable can not be considered as an innocent passage in the sense of what is allowed in territorial seas, coastal states have the right to regulate the laying, maintenance and repair of submarine cables within those areas where they exercise their sovereignty.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the operation of laying down a telecommunication cable can not be considered as an innocent passage in the sense of what is allowed in territorial seas, coastal states have the right to regulate the laying, maintenance and repair of submarine cables within those areas where they exercise their sovereignty.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Outside territorial seas however, the general rule is the freedom of use, and especially the freedom of laying down submarine cables and pipelines as stated in article 87 paragraph 1. Since there is no rule such as a national responsibility of a state over the high seas, the convention has an article dedicated to the protection of submarine cables. Each state must take laws and regulations to prevent ships flying its flag from cutting a cable, whether it is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wilfull </del>or an accident, or punish them in case the rules are broken.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Outside territorial seas however, the general rule is the freedom of use, and especially the freedom of laying down submarine cables and pipelines as stated in article 87 paragraph 1. Since there is no rule such as a national responsibility of a state over the high seas, the convention has an article dedicated to the protection of submarine cables. Each state must take laws and regulations to prevent ships flying its flag from cutting a cable, whether it is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">willful </ins>or an accident, or punish them in case the rules are broken.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The same rules applies to exclusive economic zones as long as the cable-laying ship pay due respect to the rights and duties of the coastal state. The laying of submarine cables on the continental <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shelp </del>if authorized for foreign countries, but the coastal state may take reasonable measures relating to the exploration of its continental shelf and the exploitation of its natural resources which can put restrictions on the laying of the cables.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The same rules applies to exclusive economic zones as long as the cable-laying ship pay due respect to the rights and duties of the coastal state. The laying of submarine cables on the continental <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shelf </ins>if authorized for foreign countries, but the coastal state may take reasonable measures relating to the exploration of its continental shelf and the exploitation of its natural resources which can put restrictions on the laying of the cables.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A coastal state keeps of course rights to impose conditions on cables which enter its territorial sea. Those conditions only apply to the parts of the cables inside the territorial seas.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A coastal state keeps of course rights to impose conditions on cables which enter its territorial sea. Those conditions only apply to the parts of the cables inside the territorial seas.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l164" >Line 164:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 165:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the exclusive economic zones and on the continental shelf, coastal states may regulate scientific research. In particular, they can authorize or prohibit the access to the area to another state if the project has direct consequences on the exploitation of natural resources, or involves drilling into the continental shelf or the construction and use of artificial structures. Foreign states that want to conduct the research must describe accurately the work they want to carry out and the means and methods they will use, the geographical area in which the project will be conducted. They must also invite the coastal state to participate in the marine scientific research project and on board research vessels. All the reports and conclusions of the research must be sent to the coastal state if the latter asks for them, and an access to resulting data must be granted to it. If the foreign state does not comply with those provisions, the coastal state can order it to suspend its activities.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the exclusive economic zones and on the continental shelf, coastal states may regulate scientific research. In particular, they can authorize or prohibit the access to the area to another state if the project has direct consequences on the exploitation of natural resources, or involves drilling into the continental shelf or the construction and use of artificial structures. Foreign states that want to conduct the research must describe accurately the work they want to carry out and the means and methods they will use, the geographical area in which the project will be conducted. They must also invite the coastal state to participate in the marine scientific research project and on board research vessels. All the reports and conclusions of the research must be sent to the coastal state if the latter asks for them, and an access to resulting data must be granted to it. If the foreign state does not comply with those provisions, the coastal state can order it to suspend its activities.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Foreign states may deploy and use scientific equipment in the framework of a research project, as long as they make sure those <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipments </del>do not hinder navigation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Foreign states may deploy and use scientific equipment in the framework of a research project, as long as they make sure those <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equipment </ins>do not hinder navigation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=79298&oldid=prevDronkers J at 09:48, 4 October 20212021-10-04T09:48:45Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:48, 4 October 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l165" >Line 165:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 165:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Foreign states may deploy and use scientific equipment in the framework of a research project, as long as they make sure those equipments do not hinder navigation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Foreign states may deploy and use scientific equipment in the framework of a research project, as long as they make sure those equipments do not hinder navigation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:[[EU legislation for coast and sea]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td></tr>
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</table>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=79267&oldid=prevDronkers J at 10:37, 25 September 20212021-09-25T10:37:51Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=79267&oldid=55170">Show changes</a>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=55170&oldid=prevDronkers J at 21:38, 21 January 20132013-01-21T21:38:21Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:38, 21 January 2013</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea] (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea] (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See also the article [[Legislation for the sea]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=55169&oldid=prevDronkers J at 21:36, 21 January 20132013-01-21T21:36:16Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|definition= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm </ins>United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>(UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Dronkers Jhttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=25922&oldid=prevJackgeerlings at 12:19, 15 December 20082008-12-15T12:19:45Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The United Nations </del>Convention on the Law of the Sea <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Definition|title= UN </ins>Convention on the Law of the Sea</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|definition= </ins>This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jackgeerlingshttps://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea&diff=8220&oldid=prevMaicagarriga at 16:02, 21 May 20072007-05-21T16:02:50Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in 1982.<br />
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This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment</div>Maicagarriga