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Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
This article discusses global warming and the range of effects on marine systems. ...<ref name="Phillipart"> Phillipart C.J.M. (ed.) (2007). Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' Euro

16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024

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Characteristics of muddy coasts
...l changes in the ecosystem include the aspects of bio-diversity and global change. ...ve both to rise in sea level and storm frequency. The mudflat profile will change in response to different forcing, altering the feedback between the morphol

9 KB (1,308 words) - 15:59, 15 May 2021
Definitions of coastal terms
...extends from the mean low water line to the place where there is a marked change in material or physiographic form (e.g. [[#Dunefoot|dunefoot]]), or to the The strip of land that extends from the coastline inland to the first major change in the terrain features, which are not influenced by coastal processes. The

79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
Natural causes of coastal erosion
...f net offshore or onshore sand transport. The orientation of the beach can change in response to fluctuations in the dominant direction of incident waves. Ho ==Climate change and sea-level rise==

14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
Human causes of coastal erosion
...hese structural changes can have a natural cause or a human cause. Climate change, which influences sea level, wave climate and sediment supply, is considere ...jor global impact from registered river impoundments. Global and Planetary Change 39: 169–190.</ref>]]

29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
Sea level rise
...nition= The term sea-level rise generally designates the average long-term global rise of the ocean surface measured from the centre of the earth (or more pr ...I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berge

41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
Shoreline management
...he action of the sea. This coupled with gradually rising sea levels due to global warming has resulted in an increase in the shorelines around the world suff Global, regional and local issues such as sea level rise, the concentration of pop

38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
Foresight project, UK
•The risks need to be tackled across a broad front. Reductions in global emissions would reduce the risks greatly. However, this is unlikely to be s More research is required to improve understanding of how climate change may influence the offshore wave regime in terms of magnitude, frequency and

3 KB (532 words) - 15:10, 22 July 2019
Threats to the coastal zone
==Climate change== ...nning 2003–2013. The increase of the estimated cumulative impact for the global ocean was estimated to be due for more than 90% to increasing sea surface t

27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
Coastal pollution and impacts
...nable Development? Summary for Decision Makers. University of Delaware and Global Ocean Forum.</ref>. Pollution accompanies most kinds of human activities, i ..., J., Zadeh, S.M. and Turral, H. 2017. Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Executive summary. FAO (UN) and International Water Management Inst

26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
Climate change
Definition|title=Climate change |definition= (1) Refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of

885 bytes (123 words) - 21:23, 19 March 2021
Scenario development
...king under great uncertainty: environmental management in an era of global change. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26: 398-404.</ref>). ...ut the ways [[Ecosystem|ecosystems]] might respond to different drivers of change (Ash et al., 2011<ref>Ash, N, Blanco, H., Brown, C., Garcia, K., Henrichs,

8 KB (1,179 words) - 11:50, 25 July 2020
Parametric equilibrium models
...to determine, however and the actual seabed will need time to respond to a change in sea level. ...J.F., 2004. How important is global warming for coastal erosion. Climatic Change. 64: 27 – 39. </ref> cautioned against its use due to its simplicity and

8 KB (1,195 words) - 12:36, 3 October 2021
Blue carbon sequestration
...–301</ref>. However, nearly 50% of the pre-industrial, natural extent of global coastal wetlands have been lost since the 19th century<ref>Li, X., Bellerby ...e most extensive vegetated coastal habitats in the global ocean, and their global net [[primary production]] is larger than that of all other vegetated coast

41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
Nutrient conversion in the marine environment
...butes about 8 Tg N/yr to the continental shelves and about 45 Tg/yr to the global ocean. However, atmospheric deposition differs between regions. For instanc ...l zone, especially in benthic ecosystems, adding about 15 Tg N / yr to the global nutrient stock<ref name=V13/>.

26 KB (3,923 words) - 20:02, 4 August 2023
Stability models
...where a system is in balance with the external forcing so that it does not change in time is called an '''equilibrium position'''. However, any equilibrium p ...s. However, if this equilibrium becomes unstable (e.g., because of climate change) the entrance may close up (see section 'Tidal inlets'). Very often, even i

41 KB (6,565 words) - 16:15, 4 October 2021
Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
...g of the laser scanner (see Figure 2) is ensured thanks to a GPS receiver (Global Positioning System) and an Inertial Navigation System (INS). The GPS System ...on the surface. Since light travels through water, the footprint does not change. As the backscattered light comes from a rather large surface (approximatel

15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
...zards into the environment and a description of how these attributes might change as a result of various actions or events.<ref name="Fairman">Fairman R., Me ...the shipping industry in particular there is unlikely to be a sudden step-change in overall risk levels as vessels are likely to trade for over 20 years and

36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
References for environmental risk assessment
...rt of the North Sea (RAMA). Research in the framework of the BELSPO Global change, ecosystems and biodiversity – SPSDII, April 2006, 107 pp + Annexes.

9 KB (1,167 words) - 17:14, 1 August 2020
Effect of climate change on coastline evolution
Global warming causes sea-level rise as oceans expand, and makes storm patterns mo Understanding of coastal morphological response to climate change and sea-level rise is quite underdeveloped. This is partly because the time

8 KB (1,288 words) - 21:24, 19 March 2021
Submarine groundwater discharge
....-M., DeVries, T., Sarmiento, J. L., Charette, M. A. and Cho, Y.-K. (2014) Global estimate of submarine groundwater discharge based on an observationally con ...fresh SGD is even a much smaller fraction, 0.06% (0.0003%–0.2%), of the global total SGD flux, which thus consists almost entirely of recirculated seawate

31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021