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  • {{Definition|title=Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) ...mbridge, UK</ref> <ref>Kelleher, G. 1999. Guidelines for marine protected areas. International Union for the Conservation of the Nature and Natural Resourc
    8 KB (1,190 words) - 11:09, 25 September 2021

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  • ...ersity]] (variety of biological communities) and [[Functional diversity in marine ecosystems|functional diversity]] (variety of biological processes, functio ...ion and restoration are vital to mitigate the effects of climate change in marine biodiversity.
    7 KB (1,039 words) - 17:08, 27 February 2022
  • ...biodiversity and the policies at work (nature protection and protection of marine resources by restrictions on fishing and hunting).The contents of these rep ...nces on the North Seas ecosystem are considered: [[Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity|fisheries]], [[Eutrophication in coastal environments|eutrophi
    26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
  • Overexploitation or overfishing is the removal of marine living resources to levels that are too low for sustaining viable populatio ...0 years ago, yet exploitation technology is becoming so advanced that many marine species are in danger of extinction. Insufficient consideration has been gi
    14 KB (2,013 words) - 13:06, 6 March 2022
  • ..._fig2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Figure 2: Mangrove creeks are highly productive areas providing fish and other products for subsistence and for the local market. ...perating between the shoreline and the reef. Conflicts exist between small marine fishers and financially powerful companies, for example who purchase and oc
    16 KB (2,479 words) - 14:59, 9 September 2020
  • ...rine habitats in Europe, such as kelp forests, support a high diversity of marine life and are threatened by human activity. Photo © BIOMAR]] ...diversity and their applications in conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366, 8-15
    9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
  • {{Definition|title=Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) ...mbridge, UK</ref> <ref>Kelleher, G. 1999. Guidelines for marine protected areas. International Union for the Conservation of the Nature and Natural Resourc
    8 KB (1,190 words) - 11:09, 25 September 2021
  • ...search and education by permit <ref>Ballantine, W.J., 1997. “ No-take” marine reserves networks support fisheries. Pages702-706 in Hancock, D.A., Smith, ...onsible planning? Pages 67-74. in Shipley, J.B., editor. Aquatic protected areas as fisheries management tools. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 42, Be
    2 KB (273 words) - 16:39, 26 December 2020
  • ...levels during the end-Ordovician extinction event: a case study of shallow marine strata from the Welsh Basin. Aquatic Biology 2: 279–287</ref>. The greate ...t auk (''Pinguinus impennis'') are examples of recently extinct species in marine environments<ref name="kaufman">Kaufman, L. and Mallory, K. (eds.) 1986. T
    25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
  • ...s. ''P. oceanica'' beds cover between 25,000 and 50,000 km2 of the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, corresponding to 25% of the sea bottom at depths betw ''P. oceanica'' is a marine flowering plant (angiosperm) with a millenary life span, a need for light a
    37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
  • The genetic analysis of marine organisms has revealed various examples of cryptic [[species]]: [[populatio ...ave generated important new insights into the process of speciation in the marine environment. For example the Heart Urchin, [http://www.marinespecies.org/ap
    4 KB (580 words) - 16:43, 26 December 2020
  • ...ver been so conceptually and operationally united and productive. However, marine science is still developing and we still understand the ocean less than the ...rfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 200
    15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
  • ...o discussed and agreed upon the Valencia Declaration for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity. ...rfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 200
    7 KB (1,089 words) - 13:26, 21 February 2024
  • ...irds and Habitats Directive is briefly described and the current status of marine Natura 2000 sites is outlined. [[Image:Marine_Europe.jpg|thumb|right|396px|Figure 1: Marine Environments in Europe, © A. Huth]]
    20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
  • ...d extended by the 22th September 1992 Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the ‘OSPAR Convention'). The new ...R.png|thumb|right|600px|<small>OSPAR Contracting Parties (Credit: Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ))</small>]]
    10 KB (1,538 words) - 15:23, 1 August 2019
  • HELCOM works to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea from all sources of [[pollution]], and to res [[Image:map.jpg|thumb|right|<small>Figure 1: Baltic Sea marine area and catchment</small>]]
    8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:16, 2 September 2020
  • ...mb|270px|right|Cape hake, ''Merluccius capensis''. Photograph: Rob Leslie, Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa.]] ...rds.PNG|thumb|270px|right|Hake trawler with birds. Photograph: Rob Leslie, Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa.]]
    10 KB (1,372 words) - 14:45, 7 November 2013
  • ...ight|West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii. Photograph: Stephen Brouwer, Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa.]] ...esponse to identified risks or effects. [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities | Ecological Risk Assessment]] was adopted in South Africa as a
    11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:51, 26 December 2020
  • ...tion is likely to create challenges. Marine biological sciences, including marine genomics, contribute to the understanding, monitoring, exploitation and man ...ok_MGE.png| thumb|250px |right|A book for children (age 11-14) prepared by Marine Genomics Europe in its outreach programme.]]
    5 KB (749 words) - 12:16, 8 August 2019
  • ...ng with stakeholders, identifying gaps between sea-related sectoral policy areas and attempting to adopt best practice and learn from obstacles and challeng ...t might either provide benefits for a number of individual sectoral policy areas or help to resolve conflicts between them. It posed a number of questions r
    9 KB (1,418 words) - 17:17, 8 September 2020
  • [[Image:Mareco.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small>A marine ecosystem(Photo credit: [http://www.noaa.gov/ NOAA])</small>]] <P ALIGN="justify">The European Union's (2008/56/EC) '''Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)''' was adopted on 17 June 2008, and cam
    5 KB (708 words) - 09:18, 8 August 2019

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