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  • ...lems that managers face because of the constant change taking place within coastal systems. ...and at different levels of coastal and marine ecosystems. The way in which natural variation is influenced by issues relating to [[climate change]], water cat
    28 KB (4,152 words) - 12:34, 6 March 2022

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  • ...nd pressures. It discusses generic modifications to coastal [[ecosystem]]s in relation to specific human activities and introduces the various threats re ...re and acidity and the increase of the estimated cumulative impact for the coastal zones was estimated to be due for more than 80% to increasing sea surface t
    27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
  • ...sequent economic effects and losses from marine pollution and degradations in marine environments: Implications from the literature. Marine Pollution Bul .... The sensitivity of the [[coastal zone]] to watershed impacts is examined in relation to land-derived pollution and water quality.
    26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
  • References not cited in the text ...pt of the '''[[biotope]]'''. They can be mapped easily and changes in time in their distribution can be recorded.
    17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
  • ...rld Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa in September 2002. The Global Forum is intended to advance the interests of oc ...participants included: Ambassador Gunnar Pálsson, Director, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iceland;
    16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
  • ...[[Biodiversity]] is the fruit of billions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes and, increasingly, by the influence of humans. It forms the web o ...ical processes, functions or characteristics). [[Biodiversity]] provides [[ecosystems|ecosystem]] goods and services that sustain our lives.
    7 KB (1,039 words) - 17:08, 27 February 2022
  • {{Definition|title=Integrated Coastal Zone Management ...1993. Essential elements of integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21:81-108</ref>.
    29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
  • ...easurement of light fields, see also the article [[Optical measurements in coastal waters]]. ...r light fields in coastal waters and shelf seas has important applications in ecology, engineering and [[remote sensing]]. Underwater light fields:
    26 KB (3,866 words) - 20:41, 19 August 2020
  • ...Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' European Science Foundation, Marine Board: Strasbourg, France.' ...Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' European Science Foundation, Marine Board: Strasbourg, France.'
    16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
  • ...here an organism ''is found'' – i.e. a wave-cut platform, as for example in the EU species and habitats Directive; ...ifferent types of habitats are listed in the article [[Marine habitats and ecosystems]].'''
    2 KB (241 words) - 13:56, 2 March 2023
  • A variety of 'objective' measures have been developed in order to estimate biodiversity from field observations. This article discus ...is to obtain a quantitative estimate of biological variability in space or in time that can be used to compare biological entities, composed of diverse c
    49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
  • |definition= A densely vegetated coastal ecosystem situated in the upper coastal [[#Intertidal zone|intertidal zone]] between land and [[#Tidal flat|interti ....jpg|left|thumb|350px|caption| Example of a salt-marsh: Land of Saeftinghe in the Western Scheldt estuary.]]
    2 KB (328 words) - 18:22, 7 March 2023
  • ...on, biota, threats, functioning and adaptations of the organisms that live in seagrass meadows. ...to the sea. This return needs several adaptations that allow them to live in submerged ocean regions. The sediments where they settle on can be [[mud|mu
    37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
  • ...ntertidal zone between salty or brackish water. They replace [[mangroves]] in temperate and arctic regions. Their flora is dominated by [[Halophytic_plan ...us]], dissolved [[nutrients]], [[plankton]] and small fishes to be flushed in and out the salt marshes<ref name="Salt marsh"/>. Salt marshes protect the
    18 KB (2,451 words) - 18:54, 7 March 2023
  • Mariculture is often defined as aquaculture in marine environments. Some limit mariculture to culture of marine plants and animals in the ocean itself (EEA, 2008<ref>European Environmental agency; https://www.
    46 KB (6,523 words) - 21:19, 21 August 2023
  • ...he expression as a metaphor for the problems of overuse and degradation of natural resources including the destruction of fisheries, the over harvesting of ti ...s locked into a system that compels him to increase his herd without limit-in a world that is limited"<ref>Garrett Hardin, (1968) The Tragedy of the Comm
    11 KB (1,683 words) - 13:58, 27 December 2020
  • ...intertidal of the Northfrisian Wadden Sea as estimated from aerial surveys in August or September between 1978 and 2007.]] ...ecological quality in the environment, powerful indicators are needed. In coastal waters seagrass has been suggested as a sensitive indicator for an overload
    14 KB (2,227 words) - 21:36, 24 November 2020
  • ...ion]], succession, biota, functions and threats of the organisms that live in saltmarshes. In 2008 the European Union commissioned a series of Habitat Management Models
    28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
  • ...ries within the section dealing with biodiversity of [[marine habitats and ecosystems]]. ...deep water corals that live in dark cold waters and soft corals that live in shallow, cold waters. Corals are wave resistant rock structures, created by
    27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
  • ...atter (solids, dissolved substances and gasses) around the globe. Changes in the Thermohaline Circulation alter the global ocean heat transport and affe ...p Water (NADW), fills the basin and moves southwards through the crevasses in the submarine sills that connect Greenland, Iceland and Great Britain. Fro
    23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
  • ...Atlantic climate in south-west end to harsh continental – boreal climate in Bothnian Bay area. It is connected with Atlantic Ocean through system of v ...& K. Arnio, 2002, Some ecological properties in relation to eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. ''Hydrobiologia'' 475/476, pp 371-377</ref>).
    14 KB (2,085 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2020

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