Search by property

Jump to: navigation, search

This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

Search by property

A list of all pages that have property "Definition" with value "Engulfing prey/food item in cytoplasm". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

Showing below up to 251 results starting with #1.

View (previous 500 | next 500) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)


    

List of results

  • Traits:AlgalGravel  + (Constructs deep beds of calcareous algal nodules, e.g. maerl beds)
  • Traits:SocialGroup  + (Cooperative groups of the same species - e.g. social insects, mammals)
  • Traits:Introduced country and/or sea area  + (Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species.)
  • Traits:Source country and/or sea area  + (Country or sea area which is the known source area of the introduced species or population. The source area could be the native range of the species or a known introduced range.)
  • Traits:Native country and/or native sea area  + (Country or sea area which is the native range of the species.)
  • Traits:Actinula  + (Crawling larval stage of some hydoids (amend))
  • Traits:Diel  + (Daily, pertaining to a 24 hour period.)
  • Traits:WaveExposed  + (Defined via traits - but included as some authors do not specify level of wave exposure.)
  • Traits:WaveSheltered  + (Defined via traits below - included as some authors do not specify)
  • Traits:FaunalBeds  + (Dense aggregation of animals that visually dominate the seabed or shore such as brittlestars (e.g. ''Ophiothrix fragilis'' ) or mussels (e.g. ''Mytilus edulis'').)
  • Traits:CoralSands  + (Deposition of sands formed by the breakdown to the skeletons of living organisms)
  • Traits:Dependancy  + (Description of an organism's relationship with other organisms)
  • Traits:DiapauseStage  + (Description of dormant stage)
  • Traits:SedimentReworking  + (Description of how an organism modifies or changes the physico-chemical nature of the habitat itself, e.g sediment reworking, deposition of faeces, or burrowing)
  • Traits:LarvalJuvenileDevelopment  + (Description of how the larvae or juveniles develop into adults)
  • Traits:FeedingApparatus  + (Description of the apparatus (mechanism) used to collect/capture food)
  • Traits:Lifestage  + (Description of the larval and juvenile stages in the life cycle of an organism)
  • Traits:Fertilization  + (Description of the location of fertilization, whereby in animals/macroalgae a gametes are fertilized or in plants pollination occurs.)
  • Traits:LarvalSettlement  + (Description of the period of time over which larval settlement occurs.)
  • Traits:FoodTypeDiet  + (Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on)
  • Traits:SubstratumHabitat  + (Description of the substratum on or in which an organism is found or recorded.)
  • Traits:EggClutchLocation  + (Description of where fertilized eggs are placed or held)
  • Traits:Province  + (Descriptors of the major 'regions' of the seas.)
  • Traits:GameteType  + (Descriptors of the relative size of gametes)
  • Traits:FeaturesOther  + (Descriptors of types of unusual or unique types of substratum or habitat)
  • Traits:GrowthForm  + (Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms.)
  • Traits:Lecithotrophic  + (Development at the expense of internal resources (i.e. yolk) provided by the female (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993).)
  • Traits:DirectDevelopment  + (Development without a larval stage)
  • Traits:OntogeneticMigration  + (Different life stages migrate into different habitats, or part of habitat (e.g. copepods) (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Medusiform  + (Disk, bell or umbrella shaped and often gelatinous (Barnes et al., 1988).)
  • Traits:LowerCircalittoral  + (Dominated by animals with no foliose algae but encrusting Rhodophycota patchy in grazed areas. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata below the maximum depth limit of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985).)
  • Traits:UpperCircalittoral  + (Dominated by animals with sparse foliose aDominated by animals with sparse foliose algae except where grazed. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata distinguished by the presence of scattered foliose algae amongst the dominating animals; its lower limit is the maximum limit of depth for foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985).or foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985).)
  • Traits:DoubleCone  + (Double cone (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:Estuary  + (Downstream part of a river where it widens to enter the sea; often with significant freshwater influence and predominantly comprising sediment habitats.)
  • Traits:RiaVoe  + (Drowned river valleys of south-west Britain (ria) and Shetland (voe). Often with a greater presence of rock and more marine in character than estuaries.)
  • Traits:LarvalStageDuration  + (Duration of the larval stage recorded in days or months.)
  • Traits:AnchorShaped  + (E.g. ''Ceratium'' spp.)
  • Traits:Artificial  + (E.g. wood, metal or concrete structures.)
  • Traits:Juvenile  + (Early adult life stage of an organism that shares the morphology and ecology of the adult but is not capable of reproduction.)
  • Traits:Conaria  + (Early larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with disc-shaped float, and consists of a hollow sphere with aboral thickening (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Oviparous  + (Egg laying; producing eggs that are laid and hatch externally (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:External  + (Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium)
  • Traits:NoOviparousCare  + (Eggs are laid and abandoned by adult)
  • Traits:AdultBurrow  + (Eggs are placed or retained within the parents burrow)
  • Traits:BroodChamber  + (Eggs retained by adult, usually in specialised cavity/appendage where the eggs develop to larval or juvenile stage)
  • Traits:FreeWaterColumn  + (Eggs spawned into water column)
  • Traits:Lagoon  + (Enclosed bodies of water, separated or partially separated from the sea by shingle, sand or sometimes rock and with a restricted exchange of water with the sea, yielding varying salinity regimes.)
  • Traits:CapitateClubbed  + (Enlarged or swollen at the apex, with a ‘head’, clubbed (Prescott, 1969).)
  • Traits:BirdsDirective  + (Europe is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union.)
  • Traits:Bathylpelagic  + (Extends from ca 1000-2500 m.)
  • Traits:Planktotrophic  + (Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993).)
  • Traits:Grazer  + (Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998))
  • Traits:Browser  + (Feeding on parts of plants (e.g. shoots, leaves, twigs) or parts of other organisms (e.g. siphon nipping by fish). (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Internal  + (Fertilization (gametes meet) within the body (or body cavity or accessory organ) of the individual)
  • Traits:Distribution Descriptors  + (Fields and traits that describe the distribution of the species.)
  • Traits:Cypris  + (Final lecithotrophic larval stage, characterized by bivalved carapace, compound eyes, prehensile antennules and thoraic appendages (cirri) (see Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Auricularia  + (First free-swimming larval stage of the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a continuous and curving flagellated band (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Bipinnaria  + (First of the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by a ciliary band and the presence of arm-like projections (Stachowitsch, 1992; Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).)
  • Traits:TypeV  + (First-order opportunistic species (pronounced unbalanced situations). These are deposit- feeders, which proliferate in reduced sediments.)
  • Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish  + (Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. (Wikipedia))
  • Traits:Pisciform  + (Fish-like)
  • Traits:FlattenedEllipsoid  + (Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:Chains  + (Forming chains of individuals)
  • Traits:CrustoseHard  + (Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that is solid or resistant to touch or pressure e.g. encrusting coralline algae or sea mats such as ''Umbonula littoralis''.)
  • Traits:CrustoseSoft  + (Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that yields to the touch or pressure e.g. the gelatinous colonies of ''Botryllus schlosseri'' or soft cushions of sponges such as ''Halichondria'' sp.)
  • Traits:Encrusting  + (Forms or resembles a crust over a substratum or other organisms)
  • Traits:Zoea  + (Fourth free-swimming larval stage of Decapoda, with thoracic appendages for locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:FreeLiving  + (Free living - little modification)
  • Traits:Copepodid  + (Free swimming larval stage, typically with five sub-stages, characterized by excretion through maxillary glands, and progressive increase in number of body segments and posterior appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Cyphonautes  + (Free-swimming bryozoan larva, the body is triangular, compressed and enclosed in a bivalve shell (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).)
  • Traits:GoettesLarva  + (Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).)
  • Traits:Tronchophore  + (Free-swimming larva characterised by apicla tuft of cilia and a girdle of cilia around the midregion (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996).)
  • Traits:Echinopluteus  + (Free-swimming larva of Echinoidea, distinguished by six pairs of arms, supported by skeletal rods (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Nauplius  + (Free-swimming larva, with a characteristic triangular shape, rostral horns in some, three pairs of appendages, and sometimes a nauplia eye. The number of nauplius stages varies between groups (see Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Ophiopluteus  + (Free-swimming larvae of Ophiuroidea, distinguished by four pairs of arms supported by skeletal rods (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Cydippid  + (Free-swimming spherical larva, composed of a simple gastrovascular system and short comb-rows; resembles typical adult ctenophore (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).)
  • Traits:Pilidium  + (Free-swimming, helmet-shaped, larva of nemerteans (ribbon worms) with an apical tuft, apical sensory organs, oral lobes and oral ciliated band (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996).)
  • Traits:Coronate  + (Free-swimming, lecithotrophic larva of Bryozoa)
  • Traits:UltraSheltered  + (Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch measured in tens or at most a few hundred metres.)
  • Traits:ExtremelySheltered  + (Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch of no more than about 3 km.)
  • Traits:Ovoviviparous  + (Fully formed eggs are retained and hatched inside the maternal body and are released as live offspring (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). No nutrition is derived from the mother.)
  • Traits:Isogamous  + (Gametes similar in size, shape and behaviour, not differentiated into male or female (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998))
  • Traits:ModeratelyExposed  + (Generally coasts facing away from prevailing winds and without a long fetch but where strong winds can be frequent.)
  • Traits:GrazerBrowser  + (Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony.)
  • Traits:SeaLoch  + (Glacially formed inlets (fjords, fjards) of western Scotland and Ireland; typically elongate and deepened by glacial action with little freshwater influence. Often with narrows and sills dividing the loch into a series of basins.)
  • Traits:MuddyGravel  + (Gravel (30-80%) with mud (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:MuddySandyGravel  + (Gravel (30-80%) with mud and sand (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:Seagrass  + (Habitat associated with seagrass bed communities.)
  • Traits:UnderBoulders  + (Habitat associated with the underside of boulders.)
  • Traits:Biogenic  + (Habitat features created by living things)
  • Traits:HalfCone  + (Half cone (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid  + (Half cone with flattened ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:HalfParallelepiped  + (Half parallelepiped (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:HalfSphereDome  + (Half sphere (dome))
  • Traits:Isomorphic  + (Haploid and diploid phases morphologically identical)
  • Traits:Arrhenotoky  + (Haploid males develop from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs (adapted from Lincoln 'et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures  + (Hard framework, internal or external, which supports and protects softer parts of plant, animal or unicellular organism, and to which muscles usually attach in animals, includes skeletons (derived from Lawrence, 2005).)
  • Traits:Hard  + (Hard substratum e.g. bedrock, concrete, boulders,cobbles and pebbles)
  • Traits:Shrub  + (Having a very short stem with branches near the ground (Thompson, 1995).)
  • Traits:Anisogamous  + (Having flagellate gametes of different size, shape or behaviour (from Bold, 1977 and Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Oogamous  + (Having large, non-motile eggs and small motile sperm (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Digitate  + (Having parts arranged like fingers on a hand (Holmes, 1979).)
  • Traits:Gonochoristic  + (Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993).)
  • Traits:Tadpole  + (Having the body form of a tadpole i.e. consisting of a round head with a tail.)
  • Traits:ArborescentArbuscular  + (Having the shape or characteristics of a tree.)
  • Traits:HeightAboveSubstratum  + (Height above the surface of the substratum of an individual or single modular colony. e.g a blade of seagrass, a seaweed thallus, projecting tube worm, upright sea pen etc.)
  • Traits:SequentialHermaphrodite  + (Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle (adapted from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998))
  • Traits:HardImmobile  + (Immobile hard substratum e.g. solid rock, concrete but including soft rocks, such as chalk.)
  • Traits:Wingspan  + (In birds (Aves) - "the distance between thIn birds (Aves) - "the distance between the wing tips when the wings are held outstretched" (Wikipedia) or "wingtip to wingtip in flight" (BTO).</br></br>In winged insects (Insecta) - "may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body" (Wikipedia)</br></br>Note: For wingspan you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage.ge), gender (male, female) and life stage.)
  • Traits:Pathway/vector Other  + (In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors.)
  • Traits:ParallelepipedRhomboid  + (In geometry, a parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure formed by six parallelograms (the term rhomboid is also sometimes used with this meaning))
  • Traits:Reticulate  + (In the form of a mesh or net (Prescott, 1969).)
  • Traits:Straplike  + (In the form of a strap or ribbon.)
  • Traits:Whiplike  + (In the form of a whip.)
  • Traits:Kleptoparasitism  + (In which the female of one species steals the food reserves or prey of a female of another species, to feed her own progeny (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998))
  • Traits:NonSelfing  + (Incapable of self-fertilization, due to physical or temporal separation of gametes, and/or self-incompatability genes)
  • Traits:Independant (Free living)  + (Independant, individual organisms)
  • Traits:Territorial  + (Independent but maintains a defined territory)
  • Traits:NonTerritorial  + (Independent without a defined territory)
  • Traits:Meiobiota  + (Individual organisms with a mean body size between 0.2 and 2.0 mm.)
  • Traits:Macrobiota  + (Individual organisms with a mean body size between 2.0 and 200 mm.)
  • Traits:Megabiota  + (Individual organisms with a mean body size larger than 200 mm.)
  • Traits:Microbiota  + (Individual organisms with a mean body size smaller than 0.2 mm.)
  • Traits:Impact  + (Information on the impact of introduced anInformation on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005).terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005).)
  • Traits:Articulate  + (Jointed, arthrous (Holmes, 1979).)
  • Traits:Lanceolate  + (Lance shaped and usually elongate (Brusca, 1980).)
  • Traits:LargeInsectColonies  + (Large colonies of indivduals cooperating for mutual benefit, made up of thousnads or more individuals, often with a dominant matriach, e.g. social incests , bees etc.)
  • Traits:Protonymphon  + (Larval pycnogonid that bears three pairs of appendages, the chelicerae, palps and ovigerous legs (Ruppert & Barnes, 1996).)
  • Traits:Clathrate  + (Latticed (Holmes, 1979).)
  • Traits:Intermediary  + (Liable to suffer minor damage, chips or cracks as result of physical impacts.)
  • Traits:Fragile  + (Likely to break, or crack as a result of physical impact; brittle or friable.)
  • Traits:Hyperbenthic  + (Living above but close to the substratum (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Solitary  + (Living alone, not gregarious (Thompson 1995).)
  • Traits:Demersal  + (Living at or near the bottom of a sea or lake but having the capacity for active swimming (from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Gregarious  + (Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding)
  • Traits:Plankton  + (Living in the fluid medium (water or air) but unable to maintain their position or distribution independently of the movement of the water/air mass (adapted from Lincoln <i>et al.</i>, 1998).)
  • Traits:Neustonic  + (Living on or under the surface film of open water.)
  • Traits:Epizooic  + (Living on the exterior of a living animal but not parasitic upon it.)
  • Traits:Epiphytic  + (Living on the surface of a living plant but not parasitic upon it.)
  • Traits:Epilithic  + (Living on the surface of rock or other hard inorganic substrata)
  • Traits:Epibenthic  + (Living on the surface of the seabed.)
  • Traits:Pleustonic  + (Living permanently at the water surface due to their own buoyancy, normally positioned partly in the water and partly in the air.)
  • Traits:Endozoic  + (Living within the body of an animal (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Interstitial  + (Living within the system of cavities and channels formed by the spaces between grains in a sediment (interstitial space).)
  • Traits:Macroalgae  + (Macroalgal surfaces, such as kelps and fucoids.)
  • Traits:Maerl  + (Maerl beds formed by build up of maerl.)
  • Traits:BodyAlgalGravel  + (Maerl; twig-like unattached (free-living) calcareous red algae, often a mixture of species and including species which form a spiky cover on loose small stones - 'hedgehog stones'.)
  • Traits:Erect  + (Main visible parts of organism stand upright and above the surface of the substratum.)
  • Traits:Spermcast  + (Male gametes are spawned and fertilize eggs within or attached to parent)
  • Traits:PseudoArrhenotoky  + (Males develop from diploid fertilized eggs but subsequently eliminate or silence the paternal genome)
  • Traits:Multivoltine  + (Many generations per year (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006).)
  • Traits:Depth  + (Maximum recorded depth below chart datum (expressed in metres).)
  • Traits:Bodylength  + (Maximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages.)
  • Traits:DepthRange  + (Maximum to minimum recorded depth (expressed as metres below chart datum).)
  • Traits:DeOxygenationTolerance  + (Min Value)
  • Traits:TempRange  + (Min/Max Value)
  • Traits:Mixed  + (Mixtures of a variety of sediment types, composed of pebble / gravel / sand / mud. This category includes muddy gravels, muddy sandy gravels, gravelly muds, and muddy gravelly sands.)
  • Traits:HardMobile  + (Mobile hard substratum, e.g. cobbles, pebbles that are regularly moved by wave action.)
  • Traits:BitingMacerating  + (Mouth parts designed to grasp and macerate food before swallowing (e.g. most vertebrates))
  • Traits:BitingPiercing  + (Mouth parts designed to pierce outside of food or prey and feed on internal fluids or tissues)
  • Traits:PassiveDrifter  + (Movement dependent on wind or water currents)
  • Traits:SandyMud  + (Mud (50-90%) with sand)
  • Traits:MudSandyMud  + (Mud and sandy muds where mud is the major fraction (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:GravellyMud  + (Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:VeryWeak  + (Negligible)
  • Traits:Nonfeeding  + (Non-feeding life stages (e.g. lecithotroph))
  • Traits:Sessile  + (Non-motile; permanently attached at the base (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) (e.g. ''Caryophyllia'').)
  • Traits:ClutchSize  + (Number of eggs laid at one time - in organisms that may lay eggs in one or more batches.)
  • Traits:Fecundity  + (Number of eggs reported produced per female per reproductive cycle.)
  • Traits:AutomicticParthenogenesis  + (Obligate self-fertilization (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) in which haploid eggs /gametes are produced by meiosis but diploidy is restored without fertilization.)
  • Traits:BurrowDweller  + (Occupies or shares space in burrow constructed by other organisms.)
  • Traits:Hadobenthic  + (Occupying the ocean floor at depths exceeding ca 6000 m. Usually in trenches and canyons of the abyssal zone. (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Bathybenthic  + (Occupying the ocean floor from ca 200 - 4000 m depth (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Abyssobenthic  + (Occupying the ocean floor from ca 4000 - 6000 m depth. Usually a more or less flat plain (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:NoViviparousCare  + (Offspring are abandoned by the adult)
  • Traits:ViviparousCare  + (Offspring are nurtured and protected by the adult)
  • Traits:Semivoltine  + (One generation every two years (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006).)
  • Traits:Univoltine  + (One generation per year / annuals (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006).)
  • Traits:Pathways/vector  + (One of the most important types of informaOne of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005).terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005).)
  • Traits:ExtremelyExposed  + (Open coastlines which face into the prevaiOpen coastlines which face into the prevailing wind and receive both wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions such as islands or shallows for several thousand kilometres and where deep water is close to the shore (50 m depth contour within about 300 m).e (50 m depth contour within about 300 m).)
  • Traits:Oceanic  + (Open waters beyond the continental shelf.)
  • Traits:Hadopelagic  + (Open waters of deep oceanic trenches, from ca 6000 m and below.)
  • Traits:Jumper/Hopper  + (Organisms able to undertake a rapid jump or hop several times their own body length, using specialised limbs or appendages (e.g. sand hoppers, spring tails, grass hoppers etc))
  • Traits:Colonial (e.g. sea birds)  + (Organisms that come together in large colonies (100 plus individuals) - often in the same area from season to season - usually for breeding purposes)
  • Traits:Regenerator  + (Organisms that excavate and maintain burrows in the sediment, which result in sediment transport from depth to the surface (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012.)
  • Traits:Unitary  + (Organisms that grow by a determinate pathway of development of a tightly canalized adult form, e.g. all arthropods and vertebrates (from Begon ''et al.'', 2005).)
  • Traits:Modular  + (Organisms that grow by the repeated iteratOrganisms that grow by the repeated iteration of parts, e.g. the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps of a coral or bryozoan. Modular organisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then become physiologically independent (Begon ''et al.'', 2005).ally independent (Begon ''et al.'', 2005).)
  • Traits:BlindEndedVentilation  + (Organisms that live in 'I' or 'J' shaped burrows open at only one end where water is drawn through or diffuses out of the sediment e.g. ''Arenicola marina'' (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012).)
  • Traits:OpenEndedVentilation  + (Organisms that live in a 'U' or 'Y' shaped burrow where water is drawn through the burrow (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012).)
  • Traits:DownwardConveyor  + (Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically heads-up at the surface, and that ingest particles at the surface and egest them as faeces at depth in the sediment (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012).)
  • Traits:UpwardsConveyor  + (Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically head-down at depth in the sediment, and that transport particles from depth to the sediment surface (adapted from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012).)
  • Traits:SuspensionFeeder  + (Organisms that strain food from the surrounding water. They can range in complexity from sponges and corals to baleen whales. They live on organisms or debris that drifts past them, or they seek out small floating or swimming organisms (Charton, 2001).)
  • Traits:Biodiffusor  + (Organisms whose activities that cause consOrganisms whose activities that cause constant and random local sediment biomixing over short distances resulting in transport of sediment particles, analogous to molecular or eddy diffusion (from Kristensen ''et al.'', 2012). Includes epifaunal biodiffusers e.g. fiddler crabs; surficial biodiffusers e.g. ''Echinocardium''; and gallery biodiffusers e.g. ''Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor''.rs e.g. ''Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor''.)
  • Traits:AccessoryFeedingStructures  + (Other structures such as palps, tentacles Other structures such as palps, tentacles or a radiolar crown ("grooved palps"). There are forms of single pair of grooved palps nearly always attached dorsally or near the junction of the prostomium and peristomium, or multiple grooved palps sometimes forming a crown. Dorso lateral ciliated folds in the roof of the buccal cavity may be present in some polychaetes.cavity may be present in some polychaetes.)
  • Traits:BodyShape  + (Overall shape of the individual or colony (modular forms))
  • Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex3  + (Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here.)
  • Traits:Abyssopelagic  + (Overlays the plains of the major ocean basins with a lower boundary of ca 6000 m.)
  • Traits:Ectoparasitic  + (Parasitic on the outer surface of its host (adapted from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Endoparasitic  + (Parasitic within the tissues or organs of its host (see Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:OviparousCare  + (Parents, guard or protect the eggs/clutch e.g. birds, some reptiles)
  • Traits:FineCleanSand  + (Particle size 0.063 - 0.5 mm (Hiscock, 1996))
  • Traits:MediumCleanSand  + (Particle size 0.25-1mm (Hiscock, 1996))
  • Traits:SedimentSoft  + (Particulate solid matter accumulated by natural processes (Hiscock, 1996))
  • Traits:Migratory  + (Periodic movement of organisms between altPeriodic movement of organisms between alternative habitats e.g. between areas for reproduction and one or more areas of non-reproductive activity, or between areas of foraging and areas used for other activities. Most migrations occur at predictable intervals triggered by stimuli e.g. unfavourable conditions. NB: Movements that do not include an obligatory return journey are classified as dispersal (Baretta-Bekker et al., 1992).s dispersal (Baretta-Bekker et al., 1992).)
  • Traits:Benthic  + (Pertaining to the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Pelagic  + (Pertaining to the water column. Inhabiting the open sea, excluding the sea floor (rephrased from Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:EversiblePharynx  + (Pharynx can be everted to engulf and/or seize food items)
  • Traits:EnvironmentalPosition  + (Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water).)
  • Traits:Megalopa  + (Post larval stage of decapod Crustacea (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:DispersalPotential  + (Potential for dispersal provided by one or more larval/juvenile stages, recorded in m, km.)
  • Traits:Predator  + (Predatory behaviour in which one animal species captures a member of another species (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). OR mobile animals that attack kill and consume individual prey items, usually one at a time.)
  • Traits:IUCNRedList  + (Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/)
  • Traits:OSPARRegionIArcticWaters  + (Region I is the most northerly OSPAR regioRegion I is the most northerly OSPAR region, characterised by its harsh climate and ice coverage although the ecosystems of this region are still rich. In spite of its low population density, human activities such as fishing and offshore petroleum production remain significant.e petroleum production remain significant.)
  • Traits:OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic  + (Region V represents the deep waters of theRegion V represents the deep waters of the North-East Atlantic extending across the abyssal plain and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and including many seamounts. There have been recent discoveries of a number of different fragile deep-sea habitats (such as hydrothermal vents, carbonate mounds, coral gardens and sponge communities). Human population in the region is restricted to the Azores Archipelago. The main human activities are fishing and maritime transport.vities are fishing and maritime transport.)
  • Traits:SprayZone  + (Region of the shore immediately above the splash zone that is subject to wetting by the spray from breaking waves (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:SplashZone  + (Region of the shore immediately above the highest levels of the water that is subject to wetting by splash from breaking waves (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:NonMigratoryResident  + (Remaining within the same area (from Lincoln ''et al.'',1998).)
  • Traits:AsexualReproduction  + (Reproduction not involving the exchange of genetic material, amictic, individuals derived form a single parent (Barnes ''et al.'', 2006); not involving the fusion of gametes (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998))
  • Traits:ApomicticParthenogenesis  + (Reproduction via single cells /eggs that are derived by mitosis (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993) - amictic.)
  • Traits:Sporogenesis  + (Reproduction via spores)
  • Traits:Monoraphidioid  + (Resembling a crescent moon (see Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • Traits:RotationalEllipsoid  + (Rotational ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006))
  • GravellyMuddySand  + (Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:MuddySand  + (Sand (50-90%) with mud (see Long, 2006))
  • Traits:GravellySand  + (Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006))
  • Traits:SandMuddySand  + (Sands and sands with mud where sand is the major fraction (see Long 2006))
  • Traits:IceAssociated  + (Sea ice, icebergs and other ice-associated marine habitats.)
  • Traits:OffshoreSeabed  + (Seabed beyond three miles (5 km) from the shore.)
  • Traits:Seizing  + (Seabird specific - probably not - large predators that pounce and grab also)
  • Traits:Diving  + (Seabird specific?)
  • Traits:Plunging  + (Seabird specific?)
  • Traits:FollowingFishingBoats  + (Seabirds)
  • Traits:FootStirring  + (Seabirds/Wader)
  • Traits:FootPaddling  + (Seabirds/Wader)
  • Traits:PickingfromWaterSurface  + (Seabirds/wader)
  • Traits:Swimming  + (Seabirds/wader)
  • Traits:Floating  + (Seabirds/wader)
  • Traits:Dabbling  + (Seabirds/waders?)
  • Traits:Doliolaria  + (Second free-swimming larvae (after the auricularia) in the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a series of flagellated rings around a barrel-shaped body (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Metanauplius  + (Second larval stage in decapod Crustacea; resembles the nauplius but with more appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:TypeIV  + (Second-order opportunistic species (slight to pronounced unbalanced situations). Mainly small sized polychaetes: subsurface deposit-feeders, such as cirratulids.)
  • Traits:MucusMesh  + (Secretion of a simple or complex mucus mesh to filter food particles from water column (e.g polychaetes ''Chaetopterus'' and larvaceans.)
  • Traits:Ambusher  + (Sedentary or sessile predators, that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures (e.g. sea anemones, large hydroids, spiders))
  • Traits:CoarseSediments  + (Sediments composed of gravel and sand; inc. gravel, gravelly sand and sandy gravel (Long, 2006))
  • Traits:Autotroph  + (Self-feeding. An organism capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998).)
  • Traits:Flabellate  + (Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980).)
  • Traits:FunnelShaped  + (Shaped like a funnel)
  • Traits:EggPropaguleSize  + (Size (diameter) of macrogamete (egg or ovum) in µm, mm, cm.)
  • Traits:Hydrostatic  + (Skeletal support provided by hydrostatic pressure from a fluid filled cavity (e.g. the coelum) surrounded by muscles. Hydrostatic pressure provides skeletal support in sea anemones, jellyfish, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, and other groups.)
  • Traits:MixedCalcareousMaterial  + (Skeleton composed of a mixture of any of aragonite, calcite, high magnesium calcite or amorphous CaCO3)
  • Traits:CalcareousSkeleton  + (Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures)
  • Traits:Filiform  + (Slender and thread-like (Kozloff, 1996).)
  • Traits:SmallTribePridePackPod  + (Small group of individuals that work together for mutual benefit, often held together by familial (matriarchal/patriarchal) bonds (e.g. a pack or wolves, a pod of dolphin, a pride of lions, a tribe of humans).)
  • Traits:Flaccid  + (Soft, limp, flabby (Brusca, 1980).)
  • Traits:Choanocytes  + (Special feeding cell of sponges)
  • Traits:Palps  + (Specialist - Protobranch molluscs)
  • Traits:GillRakers  + (Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark)
  • Traits:Lophophore  + (Specialist - filter feeding organ e.g. brachiopods, phoronids, bryozoans)
  • Traits:PiercingToxic  + (Specialist - modified radula used to inject toxins, e.g. cone shells)
  • Traits:InhalentSiphon  + (Specialist - modified siphon to capture prey)
  • Traits:OralPodia  + (Specialist - modified tube feet in holothurians)
  • Traits:Radulae  + (Specialist - protrusile anterior region of digestive tract; refers to chitinized teeth along the radular membrane (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:AristolesLantern  + (Specialist - sea urchins)
  • Traits:FilerBasket  + (Specialist e.g. sea squirts)
  • Traits:Glochidium  + (Specialist larval form in some freshwater Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992).um' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992).)
  • Traits:Detected in invasion pathway  + (Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism.)
  • Traits:Management recorded  + (Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range.)
  • Traits:TypeII  + (Species indifferent to enrichment, always present in low densities with non-significant variations with time (from initial state, to slight unbalance). These include suspension feeders, less selective carnivores and scavengers.)
  • Traits:Alien  + (Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution.)
  • Traits:Reported  + (Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information.)
  • Traits:Of concern  + (Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range.)
  • Traits:Invasive  + (Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively.)
  • Traits:Present/controlled  + (Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option.)
  • Traits:Sometimes present  + (Species that are reported as present but only 'sometimes'.)
  • Traits:MSFDIndicators  + (Species that comprise indicators or componSpecies that comprise indicators or components of indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm), with emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6.)
  • Traits:Not invasive  + (Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range.)
  • Traits:Established and stable  + (Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively.)
  • Traits:Established and expanding  + (Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range.)
  • Traits:Established  + (Species that have become established in their introduced range.)
  • Traits:Border Intercept  + (Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures.)
  • Traits:In captivity/cultivated  + (Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities.)
  • Traits:Detected in the wild  + (Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information.)
  • Traits:Eradication unconfirmed  + (Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated.)
  • Traits:Eradicated  + (Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated.)
  • Traits:Recorded in error  + (Species that have reported or recorded in error.)
  • Traits:Native - Endemic  + (Species that is native and endemic to a country or sea area i.e. a species that is unique to a location or habitat.)
  • Traits:Native - Non-endemic  + (Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range.)
  • Traits:Native  + (Species that is native to the country or sea area.)
  • Traits:Extirpated  + (Species that were present but have been declared extinct.)
  • Traits:Absent  + (Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’.)
  • Traits:TypeIII  + (Species tolerant to excess organic matter Species tolerant to excess organic matter enrichment. These species may occur under normal conditions, but their populations are stimulated by organic richment (slight unbalance situations). They are surface deposit-feeding species, as tubicolous spionids.t-feeding species, as tubicolous spionids.)
  • Traits:TypeI  + (Species very sensitive to organic enrichment and present under unpolluted conditions (initial state). They include the specialist carnivores and some deposit-feeding tubicolous polychaetes.)
  • Traits:Occurrence Not specified  + (Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified.)
  • Traits:Origin uncertain  + (Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location.)
  • Traits:Invasiveness Uncertain  + (Species whose invasiveness is uncertain.)
  • Traits:Origin unknown  + (Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information.)
  • Traits:Introduction unverified  + (Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed.)