]> 2026-04-20T21:42:03+02:00 Traits:Absent 200 en Absent Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’. Traits:Abundance 200 en Abundance Abundance and population trends of species populations have been recorded where this information was available. Traits:AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals 200 en Abundance and Distribution of marine mammals (M4) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Adverse habitat modification 200 en Adverse habitat modification Where the species physically alters the nature of the strata/habitat. Traits:Alien 200 en Alien Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution. Traits:Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles 200 en Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles Where the species alters the nature of chemical or water cycles. Traits:Alters trophic interactions 200 en Alters trophic interactions Where the species alters food web dynamics. Traits:Aquaculture: accidental 200 en Aquaculture: accidental Alien and potentially invasive species that have accidentally escaped from containment/ aquaculture facility into the wild. Traits:Aquaculture: deliberate 200 en Traits:Pathways/vector Alien and potentially invasive species that have been intentionally introduced for aquaculture. Traits:Aquatic transport 200 en Aquatic transport Where the species alters boat traffic or impedes ability of boats to navigate waterways. Traits:Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release 200 en Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release Where an introduction of a bio-control agent results in an unintentional introduction of an invasive species (which is carried directly on the bio-control agent itself or along with habitat material associated with the bio-control agent). Traits:Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent 200 en Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent Where a species (i.e. a bio-control agent) introduced to control a pest, weed or invasive species becomes a problem itself. Traits:BirdsDirective 200 en Birds Directive Europe is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union. Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex1 200 en Birds Directive Annex 1 194 species and sub-species are particularly threatened. Member States must designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for their survival and all migratory bird species. Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex2 200 en Birds Directive Annex 2 82 bird species can be hunted. However, the hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most vulnerable: during their return migration to nesting areas, reproduction and the raising of their chicks. Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex3 200 en Birds Directive Annex 3 Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here. Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex4 200 en Birds Directive Annex 4 The directive provides for the sustainable management of hunting but Member States must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing of birds, especially the methods listed in this annex. Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex5 200 en Birds Directive Annex 5 The directive promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the Directive, which are listed in this annex. Traits:Border Intercept 200 en Border Intercept Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures. Traits:CITES 200 en CITES CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Appendices I, II and III to the Convention are lists of species afforded different levels or types of protection from over-exploitation. Traits:CITESAppendixI 200 en CITES Appendix I Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants (see Article II, paragraph 1 of the Convention). They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (see Article III), for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re-export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition. Traits:CITESAppendixII 200 en CITES Appendix II Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. It also includes so-called "look-alike species", i.e. species whose specimens in trade look like those of species listed for conservation reasons (see Article II, paragraph 2 of the Convention). International trade in specimens of Appendix-II species may be authorized by the granting of an export permit or re-export certificate. No import permit is necessary for these species under CITES (although a permit is needed in some countries that have taken stricter measures than CITES requires). Permits or certificates should only be granted if the relevant authorities are satisfied that certain conditions are met, above all that trade will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. (See Article IV of the Convention) Traits:CITESAppendixIII 200 en CITES Appendix III Appendix III is a list of species included at the request of a Party that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation (see Article II, paragraph 3, of the Convention). International trade in specimens of species listed in this Appendix is allowed only on presentation of the appropriate permits or certificates. (See Article V of the Convention) Traits:Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals 200 en Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals Where a canal, by joining two bodies of water which were not originally naturally joined, becomes a conduit for invasive species migration to a new area/region. Traits:ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay 200 en Change in average trophic level of marine predators in the Bay of Biscay (FW4) Common in OSPAR Region IV Traits:ChangesInBiodiversityIndex 200 en Changes in biodiversity index(s) (PH3) Common in OSPAR Region III Traits:ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio 200 en Changes in plankton functional types (life form) index Ratio (PH1/FW5) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Common 200 en Common A species with is abundant or present at moderate or relatively moderate densities. Traits:Common to dominant 200 en Common to dominant A species which is found in relatively moderate to high densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). Traits:ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities 200 en Condition of Benthic Habitat Communities (BH2) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Consumes native species (predator or herbivore) 200 en Consumes native species (predator or herbivore) Where the species preys on native fauna or grazes on native flora. Traits:CriticallyEndangered 200 en Critically Endangered (CR) A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Traits:Damage to marine structures or archaeology 200 en Damage to marine structures or archaeology Where the species degrades marine infrastructures or archaeological sites. Traits:DataDeficient 200 en Data Deficient (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified. Traits:Debris: transport of species on human generated debris 200 en Debris: transport of species on human generated debris Where floating rafts of man-made materials become vectors for an invasive species. Traits:Detected in invasion pathway 200 en Detected in invasion pathway Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism. Traits:Detected in the wild 200 en Detected in the wild Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information. Traits:Dominant 200 en Dominant A species which is very abundant or present at high densities or relatively high densities. Traits:Endangered 200 en Endangered (EN) A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Traits:Eradicated 200 en Eradicated Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated. Traits:Eradication unconfirmed 200 en Eradication unconfirmed Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated. Traits:Established 200 en Established Species that have become established in their introduced range. Traits:Established and expanding 200 en Established and expanding Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. Traits:Established and stable 200 en Established and stable Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively. Traits:ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats 200 en Extent of Physical Damage to Predominant and Special Habitats (BH3) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Extinct 200 en Extinct (EX) A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. Traits:ExtinctInTheWild 200 en Extinct in the Wild (EW) A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. Traits:Extirpated 200 en Extirpated Species that were present but have been declared extinct. Traits:FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes 200 en FAO-ASFIS: Species for Fishery Statistics Purposes The FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Branch (FIAS) collates world capture and aquaculture production statistics at either the species, genus, family or higher taxonomic levels in 2 346 statistical categories (2019 data release) referred to as species items. ASFIS list of species includes 12 771 species items selected according to their interest or relation to fisheries and aquaculture. For each species item stored in a record, codes (ISSCAAP group, taxonomic and 3-alpha) and taxonomic information (scientific name, author(s), family, and higher taxonomic classification) are provided. An English name is available for most of the records, and about one third of them have also a French and Spanish name. Information is also provided about the availability of fishery production statistics on the species item in the FAO databases. Traits:Fisheries: accidental as bait 200 en Fisheries: accidental as bait This is where an invasive species is used as a bait resulting in its introduction into a new area/region. Traits:Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish 200 en Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish Where in the process of stocking a fishery an associated invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region. Traits:Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate 200 en Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate Where an invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region as a result of the movement of fishery related products or materials (ie: not the direct movement of fisheries stock). Traits:Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery 200 en Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery Where an invasive species is intentionally introduced into a new area/region for the purpose of stocking/replenishing/establishing a fishery industry based on the invasive species. Traits:Fluctuating 200 en Fluctuating A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). Traits:Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression 200 en Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). Traits:GreySealPupProduction 200 en Grey seal pup production (M5) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III Traits:HabitatsDirective 200 en Habitats Directive The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation in their own right. All in all, over 1.000 animal and plant species, as well as 200 habitat types, listed in the directive's annexes are protected in various ways. Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI 200 en Habitats Directive Annex I (needs a definition) Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII 200 en Habitats Directive Annex II Annex II species (about 900): core areas of their habitat are designated as sites of Community importance (SCIs) and included in the Natura 2000 network. These sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species. Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII 200 en Habitats Directive Annex III (needs a definition) Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV 200 en Habitats Directive Annex IV Annex IV species (over 400, including many annex II species): a strict protection regime must be applied across their entire natural range within the EU, both within and outside Natura 2000 sites. Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV 200 en Habitats Directive Annex V Annex V species (over 90): Member States must ensure that their exploitation and taking in the wild is compatible with maintaining them in a favourable conservation status. Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI 200 en Habitats Directive Annex VI (needs a definition) Traits:Human health 200 en Human health Where the species impacts human health. Traits:IUCNRedList 200 en IUCN Red List Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ Traits:Impact 200 en Impact Information on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). Traits:In captivity/cultivated 200 en In captivity/cultivated Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities. Traits:Individual release: accidental release by individuals 200 en Individual release: accidental release by individuals This describes any situation in which an invasive species is "accidentally" set free in the wild from aquaria sources leading to its introduction into a new area/region. Traits:Individual release: deliberate release by individuals 200 en Individual release: deliberate release by individuals This describes any situation in which an invasive species is intentionally planted or set free in the wild leading to its introduction into a new area/region. Traits:Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses 200 en Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses Where the species affects the behaviour of native species. Traits:Introduced Species Catalog 200 en Introduced Species Catalog Terms and definitions used in the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRIMS). Traits:Introduced country and/or sea area 200 en Introduced country and/or sea area Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species. Traits:Introduction unverified 200 en Introduction unverified Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed. Traits:Invasive 200 en Invasive Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively. Traits:Invasiveness 200 en Invasiveness Terms used to describe 'Invasiveness' of species. Traits:Invasiveness Not specified 200 en Invasiveness Not specified A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness. Traits:Invasiveness Uncertain 200 en Invasiveness Uncertain Species whose invasiveness is uncertain. Traits:LeastConcern 200 en Least Concern (LC) A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. Traits:Locally common 200 en Locally common A species which is observed to have a patchy distribution in terms of being common only at some locations. Traits:Location Type 200 en Location Type Three location types have been recorded to describe the native range and known introduced range of the species Traits:Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain 200 en Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain Where the species reduces aquaculture harvest or commercial/recreational gain. Traits:Loss of public/tourist amenity 200 en Loss of public/tourist amenity Where the species degrades amenities associated with public/tourist sites. Traits:MSFDIndicators 200 en MSFD Indicators Species that comprise indicators or components of indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm), with emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Traits:Management recorded 200 en Management recorded Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range. Traits:MarineBirdAbundance 200 en Marine bird abundance (B1) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure 200 en Marine Bird Breeding Success / Failure (B3) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:MarineMammalBycatch 200 en Marine mammal bycatch (M6) Common in OSPAR Region II Traits:Monoculture 200 en Monoculture A species which exists to the exclusion of all other species including dense mats or in 100% of survey counts. Traits:Native 200 en Native Species that is native to the country or sea area. Traits:Native - Endemic 200 en Native - Endemic Species that is native and endemic to a country or sea area i.e. a species that is unique to a location or habitat. Traits:Native - Non-endemic 200 en Native - Non-endemic Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range. Traits:Native country and/or native sea area 200 en Native country and/or native sea area Country or sea area which is the native range of the species. Traits:Natural dispersal 200 en Natural dispersal Where an invasive species migrates from a known introduced location to a new area/region using a natural mode/mechanism of dispersal; as the original location is part of its introduced range this pathway is included here. Traits:NearThreatened 200 en Near Threatened (NT) A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. Traits:Not invasive 200 en Not invasive Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range. Traits:NotEvaluated 200 en Not Evaluated (NE) A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. Traits:OSPARCommonIndicators 200 en OSPAR Biodiversity Common Indicators The common indicators agreed by OSPAR for assessing the status of biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic cover marine mammals, seabirds, fish communities, seafloor habitats, pelagic habitats, non-indigenous species and food webs. The biodiversity common indicators contributed assessments of the status biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic to the OSPAR Intermediate Assessment 2017. The assessments are published in the OSPAR Assessment Portal. The indicators are based on information from monitoring programmes described in the Coordinated Environment Monitoring Programme (CEMP). The programmes are described in the Appendices to the CEMP Agreement. Detailed descriptions, including method descriptions for the indicator calculations, are included in the CEMP Guideline Agreements. Traits:OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats 200 en OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats The OSPAR Biological Diversity and Ecosystems Strategy sets out that the OSPAR Commission will assess which species and habitats need to be protected. This OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats has been developed to fulfil this commitment. It is based upon nominations by Contracting Parties and observers to the Commission of species and habitats that they consider to be priorities for protection. Traits:OSPARRegionIArcticWaters 200 en OSPAR Region I: Arctic Waters Region I is the most northerly OSPAR region, characterised by its harsh climate and ice coverage although the ecosystems of this region are still rich. In spite of its low population density, human activities such as fishing and offshore petroleum production remain significant. Traits:OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea 200 en OSPAR Region II: Greater North Sea The Greater North Sea is one of the busiest maritime areas. Offshore activities related to the exploitation of oil and gas reserves, and maritime traffic are very important. Two of the world's largest ports are situated on the North Sea coast, and the coastal zone is used intensively for recreation. Traits:OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas 200 en OSPAR Region III: Celtic Seas The Celtic Seas region contains wide variations in coastal topography, from fjordic sea lochs, to sand dunes, bays, estuaries and numerous sandy beaches. The large range of habitats in the region supports a diverse fish fauna. Although traditional maritime activities, such as fishing, take place in the Celtic Seas, there is ongoing development of tourism. Traits:OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast 200 en OSPAR Region IV: Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast The bottom topography of Region IV and coastlines are highly diversified, including the continental shelf and slope and parts of the abyssal plain. Ecosystems in Region IV are very rich, support a rich fish fauna and have a particular importance for migratory birds. Main human activities in Region IV are fishing, maritime transport and tourism. Traits:OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic 200 en OSPAR Region V: Wider Atlantic Region V represents the deep waters of the North-East Atlantic extending across the abyssal plain and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and including many seamounts. There have been recent discoveries of a number of different fragile deep-sea habitats (such as hydrothermal vents, carbonate mounds, coral gardens and sponge communities). Human population in the region is restricted to the Azores Archipelago. The main human activities are fishing and maritime transport. Traits:Occurrence 200 en Occurrence Terms used to describe 'Occurrence' of species. Traits:Occurrence Not specified 200 en Occurrence Not specified Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified. Traits:Of concern 200 en Of concern Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range. Traits:Origin 200 en Origin Terms used to describe the 'Origin' of species. Traits:Origin uncertain 200 en Origin uncertain Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location. Traits:Origin unknown 200 en Origin unknown Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information. Traits:Other impact - undefined or uncertain 200 en Other impact - undefined or uncertain Where the species has a known but undefined or uncertain impact. Traits:Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space 200 en Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space Where the species dominates or outcompetes native species for resources and/or space. Traits:Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite 200 en Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite Where the species is a pathogen/parasite of native species or carrier of a pathogen/parasite which infects/parasitizes native species. Traits:Pathway/vector Other 200 en Pathway/vector Other In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors. Traits:Pathway/vector Unknown 200 en Pathway/vector Unknown Unknown mechanisms of introduction were represented by a blank cell. Traits:Pathways/vector 200 en Pathways/vector One of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). Traits:PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance 200 en Plankton biomass and/or abundance (PH2) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations 200 en Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations This refers to invasive plant species which are unintentionally introduced into a new area/region carried on or with the habitat material of some intentionally planted flora. Traits:Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species 200 en Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species This refers to plant species which are planted intentionally for some purpose resulting in the introduction of an invasive plant into a new area/region (e.g. for erosion control). Traits:Present/controlled 200 en Present/controlled Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option. Traits:ProportionOfLargeFish 200 en Proportion of large fish (Large Fish Index) (FC2) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III Traits:Rare 200 en Rare A species which is present at low or relatively low densities; used to describe single occurrences of the species where appropriate. Traits:Rare to common 200 en Rare to common A species which is found in relatively low to moderate densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). Traits:Rare to dominant 200 en Rare to dominant A species which is fluctuates between relatively low to high densities (accounts for such phenomena as population explosions). Traits:Recorded in error 200 en Recorded in error Species that have reported or recorded in error. Traits:RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies 200 en Recovery in the population abundance of sensitive fish species (FC1) Common in OSPAR Region II, III Traits:Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment 200 en Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment Where the movement of recreational equipment by humans results in the introduction of an invasive species into a new area/region. Traits:Reported 200 en Reported Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information. Traits:Scientific research: accidental release with research activities 200 en Scientific research: accidental release with research activities Where research activities result in the unintentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. Traits:Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities 200 en Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities Where research activities result in the intentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. Traits:SealAbundanceAndDistribution 200 en Seal Abundance and Distribution (M3) Common in OSPAR Region II Traits:Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms 200 en Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the surface of a seaplane. Traits:Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms 200 en Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the hull of a ship. Traits:Ships: accidental associated with cargo 200 en Ships: accidental associated with cargo This refers to invasive species which are associated with internal ship cargo. Traits:Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins 200 en Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a fluid nature. Traits:Ships: accidental with solid ballast 200 en Ships: accidental with solid ballast This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a solid nature. Traits:Ships: general 200 en Ships: general This accounts for an invasive species which has been vectored by a ship but the exact mechanism of action (ie: ballast, hull or cargo) has been unidentified in the literature. Traits:SizeCompositionInFishCommunities 200 en Size composition in fish communities (FW3) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:Sometimes present 200 en Sometimes present Species that are reported as present but only 'sometimes'. Traits:Source country and/or sea area 200 en Source country and/or sea area Country or sea area which is the known source area of the introduced species or population. The source area could be the native range of the species or a known introduced range. Traits:Species Importance To Society 200 en Species' Importance to Society Traits:TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities 200 en Trends in New Records of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) Introduced by Human Activities (NIS) Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV Traits:TypicalSpeciesComposition 200 en Typical species composition (BH1) Common in OSPAR Region IV Traits:Vulnerable 200 en Vulnerable (VU) A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Traits:Water abstraction or nuisance fouling 200 en Water abstraction or nuisance fouling Where the species alters water levels or causes nuisance fouling on boats/water structures.