Semantic search
Definition | URL"URL" is a <a href="/wiki/Special:Types/URL" title="Special:Types/URL">type</a> and predefined property provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a> to represent URI/URL values. | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a>. | |
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Ecophysiology | Traits that describe an physiological and environmental tolerance of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ecophysiology | 28 May 2015 13:42:04 |
Ectoparasitic | Parasitic on the outer surface of its host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ectoparasitic | 18 December 2019 14:17:38 |
EggClutchLocation | Description of where fertilized eggs are placed or held | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:06:21 |
EggPropaguleSize | Size (diameter) of macrogamete (egg or ovum) in µm, mm, cm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggPropaguleSize | 3 June 2015 11:40:44 |
EggSac | for example the egg sacs of copepods - carried by adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggSac | 3 June 2015 11:12:37 |
Eggs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eggs | 6 May 2015 10:33:17 | |
Elevation | A measure of height above chart datum, recorded in metres | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Elevation | 30 June 2015 14:00:33 |
EnclosedCoast | A marine inlet or harbour fully enclosed from the open sea except at the entrance, not normally open to the sea at two ends. The connection with the open sea is normally less restricted than is the case with lagoons (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EnclosedCoast | 29 May 2015 16:30:06 |
Encrusting | Forms or resembles a crust over a substratum or other organisms | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Encrusting | 7 November 2014 17:24:54 |
Endangered | A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endangered | 4 December 2019 14:25:24 |
Endoparasitic | Parasitic within the tissues or organs of its host (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endoparasitic | 18 December 2019 14:17:45 |
Endophytic | A plant living within another plant (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endophytic | 30 June 2015 14:31:46 |
Endoskeleton | internal structure that supports the body of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endoskeleton | 10 March 2017 13:55:09 |
Endozoic | Living within the body of an animal (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endozoic | 30 June 2015 14:32:09 |
Environment | Broad descriptors of the major environmental regions | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Environment | 28 May 2015 16:00:42 |
EnvironmentalPosition | Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:14:51 |
Ephyra | Young, free-swimming medusa stage typically developing from attached scyphistoma or occasionally direct from a planula. Umbrella typically composed of eight, bifurcated arms (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ephyra | 23 June 2015 12:04:07 |
Epibenthic | Living on the surface of the seabed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epibenthic | 30 June 2015 14:27:21 |
Epifaunal | An animal living on the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epifaunal | 30 June 2015 14:28:39 |
Epifloral | A plant living on the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epifloral | 30 June 2015 14:29:06 |
Epilithic | Living on the surface of rock or other hard inorganic substrata | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epilithic | 30 June 2015 14:26:32 |
Epipelagic | The photic zone, includes the open ocean influenced by light. The lower boundary is dependent on the depth of light penetration and is generally regarded extend to ca 200 m in depth. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epipelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:09 |
Epipelic | An organism that moves over the surface of sediment or lives at the sediment / water interface. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epipelic | 30 June 2015 14:29:54 |
Epiphytic | Living on the surface of a living plant but not parasitic upon it. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epiphytic | 30 June 2015 14:30:18 |
Epizooic | Living on the exterior of a living animal but not parasitic upon it. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epizooic | 30 June 2015 14:30:57 |
Eradicated | Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eradicated | 6 May 2015 11:39:14 |
Eradication unconfirmed | Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eradication unconfirmed | 6 May 2015 11:40:07 |
Erect | Main visible parts of organism stand upright and above the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Erect | 14 May 2015 11:36:40 |
Established | Species that have become established in their introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established | 6 May 2015 11:40:28 |
Established and expanding | Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established and expanding | 6 May 2015 11:40:52 |
Established and stable | Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established and stable | 6 May 2015 11:41:10 |
Estuary | Downstream part of a river where it widens to enter the sea; often with significant freshwater influence and predominantly comprising sediment habitats. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Estuary | 6 May 2015 14:40:39 |
Eulittoral | 1) The region between the highest and lowest extent of the tide on the shore. 2) The shore zone between the lowest and highest seasonal water level in a lake (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:41:24 |
EversiblePharynx | Pharynx can be everted to engulf and/or seize food items | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:30:09 |
Exoskeleton | A rigid external structure that supports and/or protects the body of an organism and that is mainly completely secreted by the epidermis (derived from Lawrence 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Exoskeleton | 10 March 2017 13:56:15 |
Exposed | 1) Coasts which face the prevailing wind but which have a degree of shelter because of extensive shallow areas offshore, offshore obstructions, or a restricted (less than 90°) window to open water. These sites are not generally exposed to large waves or regular swell. 2) Open coasts facing away from prevailing winds but with a long fetch, and where strong winds are frequent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Exposed | 6 May 2015 14:40:58 |
ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | 5 December 2019 12:14:03 |
External | Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:External | 3 June 2015 10:27:27 |
ExternalTube | A built-structure inhabited by an organism and essential to its survival, but not part of its body, composed of hardened (either rigid or flexible) secretions, with or without the addition of embedded particles, with those particles either selectively collected from the environment or passively becoming glued during formation (pers. comm. Read, G.). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExternalTube | 14 March 2017 08:01:54 |
Extinct | A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Extinct | 4 December 2019 14:27:20 |
ExtinctInTheWild | A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtinctInTheWild | 4 December 2019 14:26:13 |
Extirpated | Species that were present but have been declared extinct. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Extirpated | 6 May 2015 11:41:37 |
ExtremelyExposed | Open coastlines which face into the prevailing wind and receive both wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions such as islands or shallows for several thousand kilometres and where deep water is close to the shore (50 m depth contour within about 300 m). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtremelyExposed | 1 June 2015 11:40:14 |
ExtremelySheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch of no more than about 3 km. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtremelySheltered | 1 June 2015 11:44:54 |
FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | The FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Branch (FIAS) collates world capture and aquaculture production statistics at either the species, genus, family or higher taxonomic levels in 2 346 statistical categories (2019 data release) referred to as species items. ASFIS list of species includes 12 771 species items selected according to their interest or relation to fisheries and aquaculture. For each species item stored in a record, codes (ISSCAAP group, taxonomic and 3-alpha) and taxonomic information (scientific name, author(s), family, and higher taxonomic classification) are provided. An English name is available for most of the records, and about one third of them have also a French and Spanish name. Information is also provided about the availability of fishery production statistics on the species item in the FAO databases. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | 5 December 2019 13:52:50 |
FaunalBeds | Dense aggregation of animals that visually dominate the seabed or shore such as brittlestars (e.g. Ophiothrix fragilis ) or mussels (e.g. Mytilus edulis). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FaunalBeds | 14 May 2015 10:48:06 |
FeaturesOther | Descriptors of types of unusual or unique types of substratum or habitat | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:12:53 |
Fecundity | Number of eggs reported produced per female per reproductive cycle. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fecundity | 3 June 2015 11:05:02 |
Feeding | Traits related to how an organism feeds, the food type and feeding method exhibited by a species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Feeding | 22 May 2015 13:25:32 |
FeedingApparatus | Description of the apparatus (mechanism) used to collect/capture food | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 10:26:38 |
FeedingMethodBehaviour | A description of how the oganism gathers food, and from where | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:20:27 |
Fertilization | Description of the location of fertilization, whereby in animals/macroalgae a gametes are fertilized or in plants pollination occurs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fertilization | 3 June 2015 10:29:14 |
FilerBasket | Specialist e.g. sea squirts | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FilerBasket | 28 May 2015 11:26:50 |
Filiform | Slender and thread-like (Kozloff, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Filiform | 10 November 2014 09:11:24 |
FineCleanSand | Particle size 0.063 - 0.5 mm (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FineCleanSand | 2 June 2015 11:01:57 |
Fisheries: accidental as bait | This is where an invasive species is used as a bait resulting in its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental as bait | 6 May 2015 11:42:11 |
Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | Where in the process of stocking a fishery an associated invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | 6 May 2015 11:43:04 |
Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | Where an invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region as a result of the movement of fishery related products or materials (ie: not the direct movement of fisheries stock). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | 6 May 2015 11:43:20 |
Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | Where an invasive species is intentionally introduced into a new area/region for the purpose of stocking/replenishing/establishing a fishery industry based on the invasive species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | 6 May 2015 11:43:41 |
Fission | A form of asexual multiplication involving division of the body into two or more parts each or all of which can grow into new individuals (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fission | 3 June 2015 11:14:34 |
Flabellate | Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flabellate | 10 November 2014 09:13:02 |
Flaccid | Soft, limp, flabby (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flaccid | 10 November 2014 09:25:01 |
FlattenedEllipsoid | Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FlattenedEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:39:28 |
Flexibility | An indication of how far an organism can bend/flex without breaking or suffering damage - High (>45°) / Low (10 – 45°) / None (<10°) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flexibility | 29 July 2015 11:08:00 |
Floating | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Floating | 7 November 2014 13:07:48 |
Fluctuating | A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fluctuating | 6 May 2015 11:43:59 |
FlyerFlight | An organism able to propel itself though the air e.g. using wings, such as winged insects, birds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FlyerFlight | 29 July 2015 11:44:30 |
Foliose | Bearing leaves or leaf-like structures; having the appearance of a leaf. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Foliose | 10 November 2014 09:30:01 |
FollowingFishingBoats | Seabirds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FollowingFishingBoats | 7 November 2014 13:08:42 |
FoodPiracy | Stealing food from other birds in flight | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FoodPiracy | 29 July 2015 11:50:33 |
FoodTypeDiet | Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FoodTypeDiet | 29 July 2015 11:29:34 |
FootPaddling | Seabirds/Wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FootPaddling | 7 November 2014 13:10:14 |
FootStirring | Seabirds/Wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FootStirring | 7 November 2014 13:09:21 |
Forest | A dense stand of large plants in which the upper branches (trees) or laminae (macroalgae) overlap to form a canopy that shades the under story of flora and fauna. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Forest | 7 November 2014 16:53:08 |
ForestForming | An organism that forms a large area of close individuals forming a canopy (e.g. trees, large kelps). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ForestForming | 14 May 2015 16:28:55 |
ForkLength | 1) Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. (FishBase) 2) Fork length (FL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. (Wikipedia) 3) Fork length (FL) can be specified as:
| http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ForkLength | 7 June 2016 11:37:23 |
Fragile | Likely to break, or crack as a result of physical impact; brittle or friable. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fragile | 10 November 2014 10:20:43 |
Fragility | A qualitative estimate of the susceptibility of a species to physical damage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fragility | 29 July 2015 11:08:11 |
FreeLiving | Free living - little modification | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreeLiving | 15 April 2016 12:12:35 |
FreeWaterColumn | Eggs spawned into water column | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreeWaterColumn | 3 June 2015 11:13:19 |
Freshwater | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Freshwater | 6 May 2015 14:41:42 | |
FreshwaterSalinity | <0.5 psu | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreshwaterSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:14:32 |
FunnelShaped | Shaped like a funnel | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FunnelShaped | 10 November 2014 09:31:50 |
GameteType | Descriptors of the relative size of gametes | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GameteType | 3 June 2015 09:42:52 |
GenerationTime | The mean period of time between reproduction by parent generation and the reproduction of the first filial generation (Lincoln et al., 1998); recorded in years. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GenerationTime | 3 June 2015 11:44:11 |
Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | 6 May 2015 11:44:13 |
GillRakers | Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GillRakers | 28 May 2015 11:28:07 |
Gills | Where the respiratory organs also power and/or provide a feeding apparatus (muco-cilliary feeding) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gills | 7 November 2014 14:53:59 |
Glider | An organism that is able to glide through the air (e.g. using some form of membrane) but cannot propel itself through the air (e.g. flying fish) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Glider | 14 May 2015 15:52:45 |
Globose | Approximately spherical, ovoid or globular (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Globose | 14 May 2015 10:50:04 |
Glochidium | Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Glochidium | 1 July 2015 09:19:49 |
GoettesLarva | Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GoettesLarva | 15 December 2015 13:31:12 |
Gonochoristic | Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gonochoristic | 3 June 2015 08:57:34 |
Gorgonin | fibrous protein in the mesoglea of sea fans (gorgonians) which forms the stiff skeleton of the colony. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gorgonin | 23 January 2017 12:26:55 |
Grasping | Tentacles that grab and grasp food items | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Grasping | 7 November 2014 14:43:19 |
GraspingClaws | Appendages bear grasping claws (chelae) - e.g. arthropods, crabs, scorpions | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GraspingClaws | 28 May 2015 10:30:41 |
GraspingPaws | Vertebrate hands, feat, paws etc designed to grasp food items using claws, talons etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GraspingPaws | 28 May 2015 10:31:47 |
GravelShingle | 1) Particle size 4 -16 mm. 2) Clean stone or shell gravel including dead maerl (Hiscock, 1996) 3) >80% gravel (Long, 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravelShingle | 2 June 2015 10:39:01 |
GravellyMud | Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellyMud | 2 June 2015 11:48:57 |
GravellyMuddySand | Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellyMuddySand | 2 June 2015 12:09:07 |
GravellySand | Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellySand | 2 June 2015 09:51:03 |
Grazer | Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Grazer | 29 July 2015 11:15:34 |
GrazerBrowser | Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerBrowser | 29 July 2015 11:21:09 |
GrazerFrondsBlades | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the surface of macroalgal fronds and blades (Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerFrondsBlades | 29 July 2015 11:16:03 |
GrazerGrainsParticles | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from inorganic particles e.g. sand grains (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerGrainsParticles | 29 July 2015 11:16:15 |
GrazerSurfaceSubstratum | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the substratum (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerSurfaceSubstratum | 29 July 2015 11:16:28 |
Gregarious | Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gregarious | 20 May 2015 16:11:58 |
GreySealPupProduction | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GreySealPupProduction | 5 December 2019 11:00:23 |
GroundForaging | seabirds? | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GroundForaging | 7 November 2014 12:59:28 |
GrowthForm | Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrowthForm | 29 July 2015 11:07:08 |
GrowthRate | (expressed as µm, mm, cm per day/month/year) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrowthRate | 7 November 2014 15:28:58 |
Habitat | Traits that describe an organisms preferred habitat and its position within that habitat. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Habitat | 6 May 2015 15:08:12 |
HabitatModification | A general term to describe how the organism lives in or interacts with its habitat (adapted from BIOTIC, Bolam et al., 2013). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:56:31 |
HabitatPreferences | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatPreferences | 6 May 2015 15:08:20 | |
HabitatsDirective | The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation in their own right. All in all, over 1.000 animal and plant species, as well as 200 habitat types, listed in the directive's annexes are protected in various ways. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:47:22 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | 5 December 2019 09:37:09 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | Annex II species (about 900): core areas of their habitat are designated as sites of Community importance (SCIs) and included in the Natura 2000 network. These sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | 5 December 2019 09:38:48 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | 5 December 2019 09:41:09 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | Annex IV species (over 400, including many annex II species): a strict protection regime must be applied across their entire natural range within the EU, both within and outside Natura 2000 sites. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | 5 December 2019 09:42:13 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | Annex V species (over 90): Member States must ensure that their exploitation and taking in the wild is compatible with maintaining them in a favourable conservation status. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | 5 December 2019 09:44:47 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | 5 December 2019 09:45:58 |
Hadobenthic | Occupying the ocean floor at depths exceeding ca 6000 m. Usually in trenches and canyons of the abyssal zone. (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hadobenthic | 28 May 2015 15:21:58 |
Hadopelagic | Open waters of deep oceanic trenches, from ca 6000 m and below. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hadopelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:39 |
HalfCone | Half cone (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfCone | 14 May 2015 11:17:47 |
HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid | Half cone with flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:26:16 |
HalfParallelepiped | Half parallelepiped (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfParallelepiped | 14 May 2015 11:18:43 |
HalfSphereDome | Half sphere (dome) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfSphereDome | 14 May 2015 11:27:25 |
HaploidDiploid | Both haploid and diploid forms, with gametophytes giving rise to haploid gametes, and sporophytes giving rise to haploid spores by meiosis | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HaploidDiploid | 2 June 2015 15:00:13 |
Haplontic | A life cycle in which meiosis occurs in the zygote to produce the haploid phase but in which only the zygote is diploid (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Haplontic | 2 June 2015 14:56:54 |
Hard | Hard substratum e.g. bedrock, concrete, boulders,cobbles and pebbles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hard | 25 June 2015 14:26:18 |
HardImmobile | Immobile hard substratum e.g. solid rock, concrete but including soft rocks, such as chalk. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardImmobile | 25 June 2015 14:27:13 |
HardMobile | Mobile hard substratum, e.g. cobbles, pebbles that are regularly moved by wave action. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardMobile | 25 June 2015 14:27:50 |
HardSubstrata | Attached or stuck to hard substrata, e.g. dog whelk capsules | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardSubstrata | 3 June 2015 11:10:37 |
Hawking | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hawking | 29 July 2015 11:50:44 | |
HeightAboveSubstratum | Height above the surface of the substratum of an individual or single modular colony. e.g a blade of seagrass, a seaweed thallus, projecting tube worm, upright sea pen etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HeightAboveSubstratum | 29 July 2015 11:08:29 |
Herbivore | An organism which only feeds on plants, including phytoplankton. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Herbivore | 7 November 2014 16:30:39 |
Heteromorphic | The haploid and diploid phases are different in size and body shape; the gametophyte is often diminutive (small to microscopic). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Heteromorphic | 6 March 2020 10:56:26 |
Heterotroph | An organism that obtains nourishment from exogenous (external) organic material (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Heterotroph | 29 July 2015 11:30:00 |
HighMagnesiumCalcite | Calcite where more then 8wt.% CaCO3 is substituted by MgCO3. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HighMagnesiumCalcite | 23 January 2017 12:20:38 |
Host | An organism that provides food or shelter for another organisms, e.g. the inhabited symbiont. May be a definitive host infected by an adult stage or an intermediate host infected by life stages (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Host | 20 May 2015 16:22:49 |
HoverDipping | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HoverDipping | 15 July 2015 15:48:16 | |
Hovering | Bird/insect specific | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hovering | 29 July 2015 11:51:06 |
Human health | Where the species impacts human health. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Human health | 6 May 2015 11:44:27 |
Hydrostatic | Skeletal support provided by hydrostatic pressure from a fluid filled cavity (e.g. the coelum) surrounded by muscles. Hydrostatic pressure provides skeletal support in sea anemones, jellyfish, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, and other groups. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hydrostatic | 23 January 2017 10:15:04 |
HyperSaline | >40 psu | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HyperSaline | 1 June 2015 11:15:15 |
Hyperbenthic | Living above but close to the substratum (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hyperbenthic | 30 June 2015 14:39:22 |
IUCNRedList | Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:IUCNRedList | 5 December 2019 08:47:56 |
IceAssociated | Sea ice, icebergs and other ice-associated marine habitats. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:IceAssociated | 8 July 2015 09:14:04 |
Impact | Information on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Impact | 6 May 2015 12:08:10 |
In captivity/cultivated | Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:In captivity/cultivated | 6 May 2015 11:44:43 |
Independant (Free living) | Independant, individual organisms | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Independant (Free living) | 20 May 2015 15:40:41 |
Individual release: accidental release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is "accidentally" set free in the wild from aquaria sources leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Individual release: accidental release by individuals | 6 May 2015 11:45:33 |
Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is intentionally planted or set free in the wild leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | 6 May 2015 11:45:52 |
Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | Where the species affects the behaviour of native species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | 6 May 2015 11:46:06 |
Infaunal | Benthic animals which live within the seabed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Infaunal | 30 June 2015 14:32:52 |
Infralittoral | A subzone of the sublittoral in which upward-facing rocks are dominated by erect algae, typically kelps; it can be further subdivided into the upper and lower infralittoral (based on Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to areas (étages) with a eurythermal environment of great seasonal and also daily and tidal amplitude. 1) lower The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoralwhere grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae. 2) upper The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hardsubstrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Infralittoral | 6 May 2015 14:46:11 |
InhalentSiphon | Specialist - modified siphon to capture prey | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:InhalentSiphon | 15 July 2015 16:07:45 |
Inquilinist | A symbiotic association in which one symbiont lives in close association with another, generally in the tube or burrow or actually within a body chamber of the host (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Inquilinist | 20 May 2015 16:06:10 |
Instar | Any intermoult stage in the development of an arthropod (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Instar | 30 June 2015 10:42:41 |
Intermediary | Liable to suffer minor damage, chips or cracks as result of physical impacts. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Intermediary | 10 November 2014 10:21:25 |
Internal | Fertilization (gametes meet) within the body (or body cavity or accessory organ) of the individual | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Internal | 6 May 2015 08:40:35 |
Interstitial | Living within the system of cavities and channels formed by the spaces between grains in a sediment (interstitial space). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Interstitial | 30 June 2015 14:36:19 |
Introduced Species Catalog | Terms and definitions used in the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRIMS). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduced Species Catalog | 15 September 2015 15:10:25 |
Introduced country and/or sea area | Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduced country and/or sea area | 2 June 2015 17:07:54 |
Introduction unverified | Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduction unverified | 15 September 2015 15:02:26 |
Introvert | specialist - sipunculans | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introvert | 7 November 2014 15:19:53 |
Invasive | Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasive | 6 May 2015 11:46:43 |
Invasiveness | Terms used to describe 'Invasiveness' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 13:35:12 |
Invasiveness Not specified | A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness Not specified | 6 May 2015 11:46:58 |
Invasiveness Uncertain | Species whose invasiveness is uncertain. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness Uncertain | 6 May 2015 11:47:17 |
Isogamous | Gametes similar in size, shape and behaviour, not differentiated into male or female (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Isogamous | 3 June 2015 09:45:13 |
Isomorphic | Haploid and diploid phases morphologically identical | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Isomorphic | 6 March 2020 10:56:37 |
Iteroparous | 1) Breeding several times per lifetime. 2) Organisms that have repeated reproductive cycles (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:42:39 |
JetPropulsion | Swimming is effected by contraction of the body or body cavity to produce a 'jet' of water, e.g. medusae and cephalopods (from Barnes et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:JetPropulsion | 29 July 2015 12:08:44 |
Jumper/Hopper | Organisms able to undertake a rapid jump or hop several times their own body length, using specialised limbs or appendages (e.g. sand hoppers, spring tails, grass hoppers etc) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Jumper/Hopper | 7 November 2014 16:06:49 |
Juvenile | Early adult life stage of an organism that shares the morphology and ecology of the adult but is not capable of reproduction. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Juvenile | 1 July 2015 13:20:13 |
Juveniles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Juveniles | 6 May 2015 10:33:28 | |
Keratinous | composed of keratin, a fibrous protein rich cysteine constituent of intermediate filaments (keratin filaments), chief material in horn, hair, nails and the upper layer of skin (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Keratinous | 14 March 2017 08:08:34 |
Kleptoparasitism | In which the female of one species steals the food reserves or prey of a female of another species, to feed her own progeny (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Kleptoparasitism | 29 July 2015 11:21:35 |
Lagoon | Enclosed bodies of water, separated or partially separated from the sea by shingle, sand or sometimes rock and with a restricted exchange of water with the sea, yielding varying salinity regimes. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lagoon | 29 May 2015 16:36:16 |
Lanceolate | Lance shaped and usually elongate (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lanceolate | 10 November 2014 09:51:21 |
LargeBoulders | >512 mm; likely to be stable (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LargeBoulders | 1 June 2015 14:24:49 |
LargeInsectColonies | Large colonies of indivduals cooperating for mutual benefit, made up of thousnads or more individuals, often with a dominant matriach, e.g. social incests , bees etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LargeInsectColonies | 29 July 2015 11:34:28 |
Larva | An independent, motile, developmental stage of an organism, that differs in morphology and ecology from the juvenile or adult stage, and undergoes a metamorphosis to become the juvenile or adult (adapted from Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Larva | 1 July 2015 09:54:12 |
LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | Description of how the larvae or juveniles develop into adults | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:19:04 |
LarvalSettlement | Description of the period of time over which larval settlement occurs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalSettlement | 3 June 2015 11:56:55 |
LarvalStageDuration | Duration of the larval stage recorded in days or months. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalStageDuration | 3 June 2015 12:00:11 |
LarvalSttlementSubstratum | A description of the preferred substratum for larval settlement | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalSttlementSubstratum | 3 June 2015 12:01:20 |
LeastConcern | A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LeastConcern | 4 December 2019 14:23:23 |
Lecithotrophic | Development at the expense of internal resources (i.e. yolk) provided by the female (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lecithotrophic | 3 June 2015 11:33:33 |
LifeCycle | The stages an organism passes through between the production of gametes by one generation and production of gametes by the next generation (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LifeCycle | 2 June 2015 14:52:34 |
LifeSpan | life span/longevity, recorded in days, months, years. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LifeSpan | 3 June 2015 10:58:44 |
Lifehistory | Traits that describe the life history characteristics of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lifehistory | 5 February 2020 12:20:06 |
Lifestage | Description of the larval and juvenile stages in the life cycle of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lifestage | 30 June 2015 10:59:16 |
Lithotomous | Stone-boring; an organism that burrows into rock. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lithotomous | 30 June 2015 14:33:50 |
Locally common | A species which is observed to have a patchy distribution in terms of being common only at some locations. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Locally common | 6 May 2015 11:47:36 |
Location Type | Three location types have been recorded to describe the native range and known introduced range of the species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Location Type | 6 May 2015 12:09:20 |
Lophophore | Specialist - filter feeding organ e.g. brachiopods, phoronids, bryozoans | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lophophore | 28 May 2015 13:38:41 |
Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | Where the species reduces aquaculture harvest or commercial/recreational gain. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | 6 May 2015 11:47:51 |
Loss of public/tourist amenity | Where the species degrades amenities associated with public/tourist sites. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Loss of public/tourist amenity | 6 May 2015 11:48:39 |
LowerCircalittoral | Dominated by animals with no foliose algae but encrusting Rhodophycota patchy in grazed areas. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata below the maximum depth limit of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerCircalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:26:38 |
LowerInfralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoral where grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerInfralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:23:32 |
LowerLittoral | The lower part of the shore only exposed (emersed) at the lowest part of the tide. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerLittoral | 15 July 2015 15:41:41 |
LowerLittoralFringe | The bottom of the littoral fringe. In the UK, characterized by he Pelvetia/Porphyra belt with patchy Verrucaria maura and Fucus spiralis (on sheltered shores). Verrucaria mucosa present above the main barnacle population. May also include salt marsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerLittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 15:14:31 |
Lures | An organism that uses a lure to attract prey within range of its 'pounce' attack | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lures | 28 May 2015 09:59:55 |
MSFDIndicators | Species that comprise indicators or components of indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm), with emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MSFDIndicators | 15 April 2016 12:01:48 |
Macroalgae | Macroalgal surfaces, such as kelps and fucoids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Macroalgae | 2 June 2015 13:43:26 |
Macrobiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 2.0 and 200 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Macrobiota | 18 December 2019 13:14:21 |
Maerl | Maerl beds formed by build up of maerl. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Maerl | 6 May 2015 14:48:58 |
Management recorded | Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Management recorded | 6 May 2015 11:48:57 |
Marine | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Marine | 6 May 2015 14:49:04 | |
MarineBirdAbundance | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineBirdAbundance | 5 December 2019 11:08:06 |
MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | 5 December 2019 11:10:23 |
MarineMammalBycatch | Common in OSPAR Region II | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineMammalBycatch | 5 December 2019 11:03:32 |
MarineSalinity | 30-40 psu (equals MNCR Full) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:16:09 |
Massive | Bulky (Homes, 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Massive | 10 November 2014 09:52:02 |
Mat | A dense mass which blankets the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mat | 7 November 2014 17:04:26 |
MediumCleanSand | Particle size 0.25-1mm (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MediumCleanSand | 2 June 2015 11:00:41 |
Medusiform | Disk, bell or umbrella shaped and often gelatinous (Barnes et al., 1988). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Medusiform | 10 November 2014 09:56:40 |
Megabiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size larger than 200 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Megabiota | 18 December 2019 13:12:37 |
Megalopa | Post larval stage of decapod Crustacea (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Megalopa | 8 July 2015 08:29:28 |
Meiobiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 0.2 and 2.0 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Meiobiota | 18 December 2019 13:15:29 |
Mesohaline | 5-<18 psu (equals MNCR Low, <18 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mesohaline | 1 June 2015 11:07:37 |
Mesopelagic | The upper aphotic zone and extends to a depth of ca 1000 m. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mesopelagic | 29 May 2015 15:27:34 |
Metanauplius | Second larval stage in decapod Crustacea; resembles the nauplius but with more appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Metanauplius | 29 June 2015 16:14:40 |
Microbiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size smaller than 0.2 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Microbiota | 18 December 2019 13:16:25 |
MidEulittoral | Barnacle - limpet dominated, sometimes mussels, with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Mastocarpus stellatus and Palmaria palmata patchy in lower part. Usually quite a wide belt (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MidEulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:03 |
Migratory | Periodic movement of organisms between alternative habitats e.g. between areas for reproduction and one or more areas of non-reproductive activity, or between areas of foraging and areas used for other activities. Most migrations occur at predictable intervals triggered by stimuli e.g. unfavourable conditions. NB: Movements that do not include an obligatory return journey are classified as dispersal (Baretta-Bekker et al., 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Migratory | 14 May 2015 16:15:38 |
Mitraria | A type of polychaete larva characterized by numerous long flotation bristles (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mitraria | 30 June 2015 10:54:28 |
Mixed | Mixtures of a variety of sediment types, composed of pebble / gravel / sand / mud. This category includes muddy gravels, muddy sandy gravels, gravelly muds, and muddy gravelly sands. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mixed | 2 June 2015 12:04:15 |
MixedCalcareousMaterial | Skeleton composed of a mixture of any of aragonite, calcite, high magnesium calcite or amorphous CaCO3 | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MixedCalcareousMaterial | 20 January 2017 14:20:57 |
Mixotroph | An organism that exhibts both autotrophy and heterotrophy | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mixotroph | 29 July 2015 11:30:11 |
Mobile | Capable of movement | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mobile | 7 November 2014 15:58:50 |
Mobility | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mobility | 7 November 2014 15:59:42 | |
ModeOfLife | Traits relating to the mode of life a species exhibits | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeOfLife | 29 July 2015 11:38:08 |
ModeratelyExposed | Generally coasts facing away from prevailing winds and without a long fetch but where strong winds can be frequent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeratelyExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:17 |
ModeratelyStrong | 1 to 3 knots (0.5-1.5 m/sec.) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeratelyStrong | 1 June 2015 13:29:30 |
Modular | Organisms that grow by the repeated iteration of parts, e.g. the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps of a coral or bryozoan. Modular organisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then become physiologically independent (Begon et al., 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Modular | 14 May 2015 10:08:36 |
Monoculture | A species which exists to the exclusion of all other species including dense mats or in 100% of survey counts. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoculture | 6 May 2015 11:49:10 |
Monoecious | Both male and female reproductive organs in a single individual (animals) or flower (plants) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoecious | 3 June 2015 09:14:29 |
Monoraphidioid | Resembling a crescent moon (see Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoraphidioid | 14 May 2015 11:20:47 |
MouthParts | Traits that describes specialized mouth parts | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MouthParts | 28 May 2015 11:29:53 |
Movement | Traits relating to the movement of the species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Movement | 12 January 2015 17:44:20 |
MucusMesh | Secretion of a simple or complex mucus mesh to filter food particles from water column (e.g polychaetes Chaetopterus and larvaceans. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MucusMesh | 28 May 2015 11:33:07 |
Mud | 1) Particle size <0.063 mm (silt / clay fraction) (Hiscock, 1996) 2) >90% mud (Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mud | 5 June 2015 16:11:24 |
MudSandyMud | Mud and sandy muds where mud is the major fraction (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MudSandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:54:40 |
MuddyGravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddyGravel | 2 June 2015 11:53:09 |
MuddySand | Sand (50-90%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddySand | 2 June 2015 13:53:27 |
MuddySandyGravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud and sand (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddySandyGravel | 2 June 2015 11:54:35 |
MullersLarva | The free-swimming eight armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Rupert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MullersLarva | 15 December 2015 13:31:55 |
Multivoltine | Many generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Multivoltine | 3 June 2015 10:45:32 |
Muscular Contraction (body length) | Swimming is effected by muscular contractions along the length of the body, which may be aided by body protrusions or structures (e.g. parapodia, fins). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Muscular Contraction (body length) | 15 July 2015 16:09:35 |
MuscularAxialProboscis | The proboscis has thickened, strongly muscular walls and can be retracted into a sheath. In other cases the pharynx is partially retracted and partially inverted. The mouth proper is located at the tip of the pharynx when fully everted. While some taxa have a jaw-less proboscis, others have jaws present as a bilaterally arranged pair, as one or two dorso-ventrally arranged pairs or as two pairs forming a cross. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuscularAxialProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:32:02 |
MutualistMutualism | A symbiosis in which both organisms benefit; frequently a relationship of complete dependence. (Lincoln et al., 1998) (cf.symbiosis, commensalism, parasite). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MutualistMutualism | 29 July 2015 11:36:22 |
Native | Species that is native to the country or sea area. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native | 15 September 2015 14:55:31 |
Native - Endemic | Species that is native and endemic to a country or sea area i.e. a species that is unique to a location or habitat. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native - Endemic | 15 September 2015 14:55:46 |
Native - Non-endemic | Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native - Non-endemic | 15 September 2015 14:55:52 |
Native country and/or native sea area | Country or sea area which is the native range of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native country and/or native sea area | 2 June 2015 17:08:28 |
Natural dispersal | Where an invasive species migrates from a known introduced location to a new area/region using a natural mode/mechanism of dispersal; as the original location is part of its introduced range this pathway is included here. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Natural dispersal | 6 May 2015 11:50:33 |
Nauplius | Free-swimming larva, with a characteristic triangular shape, rostral horns in some, three pairs of appendages, and sometimes a nauplia eye. The number of nauplius stages varies between groups (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nauplius | 23 June 2015 16:22:31 |
NearThreatened | A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NearThreatened | 4 December 2019 14:23:57 |
Nectochaeta | A polychaete larval stage where the first set of chaetal bundles and parapodia develop, although the ciliary girdle remains for swimming (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nectochaeta | 30 June 2015 09:52:09 |
Nekton | Active swimming organisms that live in the water column and are able to move independently of the water mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nekton | 30 June 2015 14:55:33 |
Neritic | Water column overlying the continental shelf; surface to ca 200m depth. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Neritic | 6 May 2015 14:52:11 |
Neustonic | Living on or under the surface film of open water. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Neustonic | 30 June 2015 14:37:17 |
NoDiapause | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoDiapause | 6 May 2015 10:33:41 | |
NoOviparousCare | Eggs are laid and abandoned by adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoOviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:20:54 |
NoViviparousCare | Offspring are abandoned by the adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoViviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:30:41 |
NonBrooding | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonBrooding | 5 February 2020 11:25:35 | |
NonMigratoryResident | Remaining within the same area (from Lincoln et al.,1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonMigratoryResident | 29 July 2015 12:04:08 |
NonSelfing | Incapable of self-fertilization, due to physical or temporal separation of gametes, and/or self-incompatability genes | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSelfing | 3 June 2015 09:20:42 |
NonSolidCement | component that keeps the agglutinated particles of the non-massive skeleton together. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSolidCement | 23 January 2017 12:56:15 |
NonSolidParticlesComp | small and individual structural elements that function as supporting structure/enclosure, e.g. spicules in sponges. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSolidParticlesComp | 14 March 2017 07:57:26 |
NonTerritorial | Independent without a defined territory | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonTerritorial | 29 July 2015 11:32:36 |
Nonfeeding | Non-feeding life stages (e.g. lecithotroph) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nonfeeding | 29 July 2015 11:21:49 |
Not invasive | Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Not invasive | 6 May 2015 11:50:49 |
NotEvaluated | A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NotEvaluated | 4 December 2019 14:29:08 |
OSPARCommonIndicators | The common indicators agreed by OSPAR for assessing the status of biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic cover marine mammals, seabirds, fish communities, seafloor habitats, pelagic habitats, non-indigenous species and food webs. The biodiversity common indicators contributed assessments of the status biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic to the OSPAR Intermediate Assessment 2017. The assessments are published in the OSPAR Assessment Portal. The indicators are based on information from monitoring programmes described in the Coordinated Environment Monitoring Programme (CEMP). The programmes are described in the Appendices to the CEMP Agreement. Detailed descriptions, including method descriptions for the indicator calculations, are included in the CEMP Guideline Agreements. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 13:07:52 |
OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | The OSPAR Biological Diversity and Ecosystems Strategy sets out that the OSPAR Commission will assess which species and habitats need to be protected. This OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats has been developed to fulfil this commitment. It is based upon nominations by Contracting Parties and observers to the Commission of species and habitats that they consider to be priorities for protection. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 5 December 2019 09:05:54 |
OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | Region I is the most northerly OSPAR region, characterised by its harsh climate and ice coverage although the ecosystems of this region are still rich. In spite of its low population density, human activities such as fishing and offshore petroleum production remain significant. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | 4 December 2019 14:45:53 |
OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | The Greater North Sea is one of the busiest maritime areas. Offshore activities related to the exploitation of oil and gas reserves, and maritime traffic are very important. Two of the world's largest ports are situated on the North Sea coast, and the coastal zone is used intensively for recreation. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | 4 December 2019 14:47:18 |
OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | The Celtic Seas region contains wide variations in coastal topography, from fjordic sea lochs, to sand dunes, bays, estuaries and numerous sandy beaches. The large range of habitats in the region supports a diverse fish fauna. Although traditional maritime activities, such as fishing, take place in the Celtic Seas, there is ongoing development of tourism. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | 4 December 2019 14:49:34 |
OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | The bottom topography of Region IV and coastlines are highly diversified, including the continental shelf and slope and parts of the abyssal plain. Ecosystems in Region IV are very rich, support a rich fish fauna and have a particular importance for migratory birds. Main human activities in Region IV are fishing, maritime transport and tourism. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | 4 December 2019 14:50:51 |
OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | Region V represents the deep waters of the North-East Atlantic extending across the abyssal plain and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and including many seamounts. There have been recent discoveries of a number of different fragile deep-sea habitats (such as hydrothermal vents, carbonate mounds, coral gardens and sponge communities). Human population in the region is restricted to the Azores Archipelago. The main human activities are fishing and maritime transport. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | 4 December 2019 14:54:29 |
Occurrence | Terms used to describe 'Occurrence' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Occurrence | 6 May 2015 13:37:34 |
Occurrence Not specified | Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Occurrence Not specified | 6 May 2015 11:51:07 |
Oceanic | Open waters beyond the continental shelf. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oceanic | 6 May 2015 14:52:26 |
Of concern | Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Of concern | 6 May 2015 11:53:03 |
OffshoreSeabed | Seabed beyond three miles (5 km) from the shore. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OffshoreSeabed | 29 May 2015 16:36:51 |
Oligohaline | 0.5-<5 psu (included under MNCR Low, <18 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oligohaline | 1 June 2015 11:09:29 |
Omnivore | An organism which feeds on a mixed diet including plant and animal material (from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Omnivore | 22 May 2015 13:31:20 |
OntogeneticMigration | Different life stages migrate into different habitats, or part of habitat (e.g. copepods) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OntogeneticMigration | 29 July 2015 12:04:20 |
Oogamous | Having large, non-motile eggs and small motile sperm (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oogamous | 3 June 2015 09:45:55 |
OpenCoast | Any part of the coast not within a marine inlet, strait or lagoon, including offshore rocks and small islands. This includes MNCR types; linear coast, islands / rocks and semi-enclosed coast. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OpenCoast | 29 May 2015 16:39:18 |
OpenEndedVentilation | Organisms that live in a 'U' or 'Y' shaped burrow where water is drawn through the burrow (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OpenEndedVentilation | 28 May 2015 09:05:54 |
Ophiopluteus | Free-swimming larvae of Ophiuroidea, distinguished by four pairs of arms supported by skeletal rods (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ophiopluteus | 30 June 2015 09:53:57 |
OralPodia | Specialist - modified tube feet in holothurians | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OralPodia | 28 May 2015 11:49:22 |
Organic | (1) derived from, or showing the properties of a living organism; (2) containing carbon, applied to molecules. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Organic | 23 January 2017 12:37:41 |
Origin | Terms used to describe the 'Origin' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin | 15 September 2015 14:53:03 |
Origin uncertain | Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin uncertain | 15 September 2015 14:52:27 |
Origin unknown | Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin unknown | 15 September 2015 14:52:11 |
Other | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Other | 14 May 2015 15:50:06 | |
Other impact - undefined or uncertain | Where the species has a known but undefined or uncertain impact. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Other impact - undefined or uncertain | 6 May 2015 11:53:23 |
OtherSpecies | The surface of other species, e.g. shells or carapace. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OtherSpecies | 2 June 2015 13:44:34 |
Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | Where the species dominates or outcompetes native species for resources and/or space. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | 6 May 2015 11:53:39 |
OvalCylinder | An ellipsoid on an elliptic base (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OvalCylinder | 14 May 2015 11:21:54 |
Overhangs | An overhanging part of a rock formation. Typically the surface of the rock below the overhang receives some cover or shade from the overhang. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Overhangs | 2 June 2015 13:47:50 |
Oviparous | Egg laying; producing eggs that are laid and hatch externally (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oviparous | 3 June 2015 11:20:11 |
OviparousCare | Parents, guard or protect the eggs/clutch e.g. birds, some reptiles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:21:28 |
Ovoviviparous | Fully formed eggs are retained and hatched inside the maternal body and are released as live offspring (Lincoln et al., 1998). No nutrition is derived from the mother. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ovoviviparous | 3 June 2015 11:27:34 |
Palps | Specialist - Protobranch molluscs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Palps | 7 November 2014 14:50:22 |
Papillae | Appendages bear mucus laden papilae or tube feet (e.g. suspension feeding echinoderns, brittlestars, crinoids). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Papillae | 28 May 2015 11:24:02 |
ParallelepipedRhomboid | In geometry, a parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure formed by six parallelograms (the term rhomboid is also sometimes used with this meaning) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ParallelepipedRhomboid | 14 May 2015 11:23:34 |
Parasite | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependent on, another organism (termed the host) for completion of its life cycle and which is detrimental to the host (see Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parasite | 18 December 2019 14:18:13 |
ParasiticFeeding | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependant on another living organism, for completion of its life cycle, and which is detrimental to the host to a lesser or greater extent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ParasiticFeeding | 29 July 2015 11:21:58 |
Parasitoid | An organism intermediate between a parasite and a predator; e.g. hymenopterans where the larvae feed within the tissue of a living host, leading to the death of the host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parasitoid | 29 July 2015 11:22:20 |
Parenchymella | A poriferan larva composed of a ciliated ball of cells (blastula), with a brief swimming phase (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parenchymella | 18 December 2015 11:24:03 |
Passive | Catching food on a filter held into flowing water (e.g. hydroids, sea fans, sea pens), or collecting the 'rain' of detritus on sticky apparatus other than a filter (e.g. Cucumaria frondosa, proboscis of echinurans) (MarLIN; Hiscock et al. 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Passive | 29 July 2015 11:24:03 |
PassiveDrifter | Movement dependent on wind or water currents | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PassiveDrifter | 29 July 2015 11:47:00 |
Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | Where the species is a pathogen/parasite of native species or carrier of a pathogen/parasite which infects/parasitizes native species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | 6 May 2015 11:54:00 |
Pathway/vector Other | In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathway/vector Other | 6 May 2015 11:54:15 |
Pathway/vector Unknown | Unknown mechanisms of introduction were represented by a blank cell. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathway/vector Unknown | 6 May 2015 11:54:36 |
Pathways/vector | One of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:09:57 |
Pattering | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pattering | 7 November 2014 13:05:28 |
Pebbles | 16-64 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata which are predominantly pebbles. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pebbles | 2 June 2015 09:01:59 |
Pediveliger | A late veliger that is able to use its foot to crawl and provide temporary attachment | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pediveliger | 30 June 2015 11:29:55 |
Pelagic | Pertaining to the water column. Inhabiting the open sea, excluding the sea floor (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pelagic | 8 July 2015 09:01:39 |
Pelagosphaera | The secondary free-swimming larva in Sipunculida, that develops from a non-feeding trochophore (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pelagosphaera | 18 December 2015 11:21:23 |
Penicillate | Brush like (Prescott ,1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Penicillate | 10 November 2014 10:01:21 |
PermanentHermaphrodite | Capable of producing both ova and spermatozoa either at the same time (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PermanentHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:19:34 |
Phagocytosis | Engulfing prey/food item in cytoplasm | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Phagocytosis | 7 November 2014 14:37:32 |
Phosphatic | composed of phosphoric acid or phosphates. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Phosphatic | 20 January 2017 15:49:41 |
Photoautotroph | An organism that obtains metabolic energy from light by a photochemical process such as photosynthesis (e.g. seaweeds, phytoplankton) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Photoautotroph | 22 May 2015 13:29:07 |
PhotosyntheticPigment | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PhotosyntheticPigment | 15 July 2015 16:10:20 | |
Physiography | Coastal geomorphology and physical features. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Physiography | 1 June 2015 12:07:34 |
Physiology | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Physiology | 1 April 2015 09:25:05 | |
PickingfromWaterSurface | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PickingfromWaterSurface | 15 July 2015 16:11:42 |
PiercingToxic | Specialist - modified radula used to inject toxins, e.g. cone shells | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PiercingToxic | 28 May 2015 11:43:41 |
Pilidium | Free-swimming, helmet-shaped, larva of nemerteans (ribbon worms) with an apical tuft, apical sensory organs, oral lobes and oral ciliated band (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pilidium | 30 June 2015 08:45:56 |
Pinnate | Branching like a feather – an elongate main axis with lateral branches or lobes (Prescott, 1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pinnate | 10 November 2014 10:02:05 |
PinnateBranching | Branched tentacles, used as filtration mechanism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PinnateBranching | 28 May 2015 11:50:17 |
Pisciform | Fish-like | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pisciform | 10 November 2014 10:02:55 |
Plankton | Living in the fluid medium (water or air) but unable to maintain their position or distribution independently of the movement of the water/air mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plankton | 30 June 2015 14:48:12 |
PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | 5 December 2019 12:43:08 |
Planktotrophic | Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Planktotrophic | 3 June 2015 11:32:54 |
Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | This refers to invasive plant species which are unintentionally introduced into a new area/region carried on or with the habitat material of some intentionally planted flora. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | 6 May 2015 11:54:51 |
Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | This refers to plant species which are planted intentionally for some purpose resulting in the introduction of an invasive plant into a new area/region (e.g. for erosion control). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | 6 May 2015 11:55:50 |
Planula | A ciliated, free swimming larva; lacks a mouth but in older stages may include a gastrovascular cavity (Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Planula | 12 June 2015 16:28:44 |
Pleustonic | Living permanently at the water surface due to their own buoyancy, normally positioned partly in the water and partly in the air. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pleustonic | 30 June 2015 14:37:51 |
PlungeDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PlungeDiving | 7 November 2014 12:39:13 | |
Plunging | Seabird specific? | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plunging | 29 July 2015 11:51:16 |
Pollination | Transfer of male gametophyte (pollen) to the 'female' part of a flower | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pollination | 3 June 2015 10:30:26 |
Polyhaline | 18-<30 psu (included under MNCR Reduced, 18-30 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Polyhaline | 1 June 2015 11:12:25 |
Pouncing | An ambush predator that uses a sudden, rapid movement to 'pounce on, grab or swallow' its prey once the prey in within short range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pouncing | 28 May 2015 09:58:44 |
Predator | Predatory behaviour in which one animal species captures a member of another species (Lincoln et al., 1998). OR mobile animals that attack kill and consume individual prey items, usually one at a time. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Predator | 29 July 2015 11:22:44 |
Present/controlled | Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Present/controlled | 6 May 2015 11:56:06 |
Probing | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Probing | 7 November 2014 13:00:34 |
ProportionOfLargeFish | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ProportionOfLargeFish | 5 December 2019 12:01:38 |
Protandrous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where male gametes mature and are shed before female gametes mature (Holmes, 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protandrous | 3 June 2015 09:36:18 |
Protogynous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where female gametes mature and are shed before male gametes mature (Holmes 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protogynous | 3 June 2015 09:36:52 |
Protonymphon | Larval pycnogonid that bears three pairs of appendages, the chelicerae, palps and ovigerous legs (Ruppert & Barnes, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protonymphon | 30 June 2015 08:47:31 |
Protozoea | Third larval stage in Decapoda, characterized by antennal locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protozoea | 30 June 2015 09:56:13 |
Province | Descriptors of the major 'regions' of the seas. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Province | 28 May 2015 15:40:10 |
PseudoArrhenotoky | Males develop from diploid fertilized eggs but subsequently eliminate or silence the paternal genome | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PseudoArrhenotoky | 3 June 2015 09:04:17 |
PursuitDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitDiving | 7 November 2014 12:26:04 | |
PursuitHunterCooperative | An organism that hunts in a team, pack, pod, flock, swarm etc | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:49:11 |
PursuitHunterIndividual | An organism that chases after, catches and subdues mobile prey (e.g. predatory polychaetes, squid, fish, otter, seal, seabirds) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitHunterIndividual | 29 July 2015 11:25:26 |
PursuitPlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitPlunging | 7 November 2014 12:40:37 | |
QualitativeBodySize | Body size measured in terms of mega, macro, meio/meso and micro. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:18:22 |
QuantitativeBodySize | Body size measured in numerical values. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:QuantitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:07:31 |
Radial | Symmetrical about any plane passed perpendicular to the oral/aboral axis (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Radial | 14 May 2015 11:30:52 |
Radulae | Specialist - protrusile anterior region of digestive tract; refers to chitinized teeth along the radular membrane (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Radulae | 28 May 2015 11:38:25 |
Rare | A species which is present at low or relatively low densities; used to describe single occurrences of the species where appropriate. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare | 6 May 2015 11:56:55 |
Rare to common | A species which is found in relatively low to moderate densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare to common | 6 May 2015 11:57:13 |
Rare to dominant | A species which is fluctuates between relatively low to high densities (accounts for such phenomena as population explosions). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare to dominant | 6 May 2015 11:57:37 |
Rasping | specialist - rasping radulla of grazing molluscs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rasping | 7 November 2014 15:08:01 |
Rataria | A later larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with a disc-shaped float, and an elongated body surrounded by the rim of the growing disc (Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rataria | 8 July 2015 08:27:47 |
Recorded in error | Species that have reported or recorded in error. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Recorded in error | 6 May 2015 11:57:51 |
RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | Common in OSPAR Region II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | 5 December 2019 11:14:41 |
Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | Where the movement of recreational equipment by humans results in the introduction of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | 6 May 2015 11:58:05 |
ReefBuilding | An organism that forms large areas of hard substratum for other organisms due to the scale of its aggregations (e.g. horse mussels), accretions (e.g. Sabellaria) or its skeleton (e.g. corals). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReefBuilding | 14 May 2015 16:30:16 |
Regenerator | Organisms that excavate and maintain burrows in the sediment, which result in sediment transport from depth to the surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Regenerator | 28 May 2015 08:55:05 |
Reported | Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Reported | 6 May 2015 11:59:04 |
ReproductiveFrequency | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveFrequency | 6 May 2015 08:22:37 | |
ReproductiveSeason | A description of the season(s) or months of the year during which reproduction occurs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveSeason | 3 June 2015 10:54:48 |
ReproductiveType | Traits that describe how an organism reproduces or the mechanism by which reproduction is achieved. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveType | 27 July 2015 13:57:28 |
Reticulate | In the form of a mesh or net (Prescott, 1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Reticulate | 10 November 2014 10:04:30 |
RiaVoe | Drowned river valleys of south-west Britain (ria) and Shetland (voe). Often with a greater presence of rock and more marine in character than estuaries. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RiaVoe | 29 May 2015 16:37:30 |
Robust | Unlikely to be damaged as a result of physical impacts, e.g. hard or tough enough to withstand impact, or leathery or wiry enough to resist impact. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Robust | 10 November 2014 10:22:06 |
Rockpools | 1) A pool of water among rocks left behind by the ebbing tide. 2) a depression in the littoral zone of a rocky seashore where, at low tide, seawater is left behind (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rockpools | 2 June 2015 13:53:46 |
RotationalEllipsoid | Rotational ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RotationalEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:28:57 |
Salinity | The range of salinities in which the organism is recorded (scale taken from Reusser & Lee, 2011) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Salinity | 1 June 2015 12:09:24 |
Saltmarsh | A flat, poorly drained coastal swamp inundated by most high tides (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Saltmarsh | 2 June 2015 13:57:44 |
Sand | 1) Particle size 0.063 -4 mm (Hiscock 1996) 2) >90% sand (Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sand | 2 June 2015 10:58:06 |
SandMuddySand | Sands and sands with mud where sand is the major fraction (see Long 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandMuddySand | 2 June 2015 10:55:14 |
SandyGravel | 30 -80% gravel with sand (see Long, 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandyGravel | 2 June 2015 10:47:56 |
SandyMud | Mud (50-90%) with sand | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:53:43 |
Saprophage | An organism that feeds on dead or decaying organic material (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Saprophage | 22 May 2015 13:32:16 |
Scavenger | An organism that feeds on carrion and organic refuse (e.g. crabs, whelks) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scavenger | 29 July 2015 11:23:12 |
Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | Where research activities result in the unintentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | 6 May 2015 11:59:18 |
Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | Where research activities result in the intentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | 6 May 2015 11:59:33 |
SeaIce | The habitat provided by the surface of frozen sea water floating on the surface. Sea ice may form thin sheets, fast moving pieces, pack ice or large icebergs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeaIce | 28 May 2015 15:47:22 |
SeaLoch | Glacially formed inlets (fjords, fjards) of western Scotland and Ireland; typically elongate and deepened by glacial action with little freshwater influence. Often with narrows and sills dividing the loch into a series of basins. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeaLoch | 29 May 2015 16:38:32 |
Seagrass | Habitat associated with seagrass bed communities. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seagrass | 6 May 2015 14:57:38 |
SealAbundanceAndDistribution | Common in OSPAR Region II | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SealAbundanceAndDistribution | 5 December 2019 10:52:33 |
Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the surface of a seaplane. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | 6 May 2015 11:59:49 |
SearcherForager | Active foragers that seek out prey usually of lower mobility (than themselves) e.g. arthropods (crabs, spiders) gastropods, starfish | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SearcherForager | 28 May 2015 10:12:57 |
SeasonalEnvironment | A seasonal migration in order to remain within suitable environmental conditions. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalEnvironment | 29 July 2015 12:04:36 |
SeasonalFeeding | A seasonal migration for the purpose of following food or moving to suitable feeding grounds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalFeeding | 29 July 2015 12:04:51 |
SeasonalReproduction | A seasonal migration in order to reproduce. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalReproduction | 29 July 2015 12:03:36 |
SedimentReworking | Description of how an organism modifies or changes the physico-chemical nature of the habitat itself, e.g sediment reworking, deposition of faeces, or burrowing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentReworking | 29 July 2015 11:58:24 |
SedimentSoft | Particulate solid matter accumulated by natural processes (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentSoft | 25 June 2015 13:29:43 |
SedimentSurface | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentSurface | 14 July 2015 20:00:23 | |
Seeds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seeds | 3 June 2015 11:45:28 | |
Seizing | Seabird specific - probably not - large predators that pounce and grab also | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seizing | 29 July 2015 11:51:27 |
SelfFertilizing | Capable of self-fertilization | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SelfFertilizing | 3 June 2015 09:21:24 |
Semelparous | Breeding once per lifetime, or breeding only once then dying (Barnes et al., 2006). Organisms that only have one brood during their lifetime (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Semelparous | 3 June 2015 10:47:26 |
Semivoltine | One generation every two years (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Semivoltine | 3 June 2015 10:48:43 |
SequentialHermaphrodite | Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SequentialHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:35:14 |
Sessile | Non-motile; permanently attached at the base (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Caryophyllia). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sessile | 14 May 2015 16:06:42 |
Setose | Appendages (arms, specialisted mothparts) used to capture suspended particulates | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Setose | 7 November 2014 14:58:48 |
SexualReproduction | 1) Reproduction involving the regular alternation of gamete formation by meiosis, and gamete fusion (karyogamy) to form a zygote (Lincoln et al.,1998). 2) Reproduction where recombination of genetic material, derived from more than one parent is possible (Barnes et al. 2006), true amphimixis involves random segregation of genes and random association of parental contribution (gametes). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SexualReproduction | 3 June 2015 09:06:08 |
ShallowPlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ShallowPlunging | 15 July 2015 16:12:42 | |
Sheltered | Coasts with a restricted fetch and/or open water window. Coasts can face prevailing winds but with a short fetch (< 20 km) or extensive shallow area offshore, or may face away from prevailing winds. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sheltered | 6 May 2015 14:57:53 |
Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the hull of a ship. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | 6 May 2015 12:00:05 |
Ships: accidental associated with cargo | This refers to invasive species which are associated with internal ship cargo. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental associated with cargo | 6 May 2015 12:00:19 |
Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a fluid nature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | 6 May 2015 12:00:36 |
Ships: accidental with solid ballast | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a solid nature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental with solid ballast | 6 May 2015 12:01:18 |
Ships: general | This accounts for an invasive species which has been vectored by a ship but the exact mechanism of action (ie: ballast, hull or cargo) has been unidentified in the literature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: general | 6 May 2015 12:01:34 |
Shrub | Having a very short stem with branches near the ground (Thompson, 1995). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Shrub | 7 November 2014 16:53:50 |
Siliceous | composed of silicon based spines, spicules or lattice, e.g. siliceous or glass sponges | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Siliceous | 20 January 2017 15:41:47 |
SimpleAxialProboscis | A sac-like proboscis relying on fluid pressure from the coelom for eversion. There is no particular development of musculature or glands. The worms tend to have reduced septa in the anterior part of the body allowing the contruction of the posterior part of the body to exert considerable force on the proboscis because of the free movement of the coelomic contents. Muscles associated with a thickened first septum (gular membrane) and the proboscis are used for retraction. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SimpleAxialProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:33:33 |
SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | 5 December 2019 12:50:34 |
Skimming | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Skimming | 7 November 2014 13:04:30 |
SmallBoulders | 256 -512 mm; may be unstable. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SmallBoulders | 1 June 2015 16:40:14 |
SmallTribePridePackPod | Small group of individuals that work together for mutual benefit, often held together by familial (matriarchal/patriarchal) bonds (e.g. a pack or wolves, a pod of dolphin, a pride of lions, a tribe of humans). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SmallTribePridePackPod | 29 July 2015 11:34:39 |
Snatching | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Snatching | 28 May 2015 10:04:40 | |
Sociability | Traits that describe an organism's behavioural interactions with members of the same species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sociability | 29 July 2015 11:38:49 |
SocialGroup | Cooperative groups of the same species - e.g. social insects, mammals | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SocialGroup | 29 July 2015 11:34:17 |
Solid | massive structure, e.i. not consisting of loose agglutinated particles. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Solid | 23 February 2017 12:44:51 |
Solitary | Living alone, not gregarious (Thompson 1995). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Solitary | 7 November 2014 16:20:48 |
Sometimes present | Species that are reported as present but only 'sometimes'. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sometimes present | 6 May 2015 12:01:48 |
Source country and/or sea area | Country or sea area which is the known source area of the introduced species or population. The source area could be the native range of the species or a known introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Source country and/or sea area | 2 June 2015 17:09:37 |
SpecialisedStage | A specialised dormancy or diapause stage in the life cycle of the organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SpecialisedStage | 3 June 2015 11:46:38 |
Species Importance To Society | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Species Importance To Society | 6 May 2015 12:12:27 | |
Spermcast | Male gametes are spawned and fertilize eggs within or attached to parent | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Spermcast | 3 June 2015 10:31:31 |
Sphere | A sphere or globe | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sphere | 14 May 2015 11:32:07 |
SplashZone | Region of the shore immediately above the highest levels of the water that is subject to wetting by splash from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SplashZone | 15 July 2015 15:45:01 |
Sponginous | composed of spongin, fibrous protein component of the horny sponges (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sponginous | 14 March 2017 08:09:22 |
Sporogenesis | Reproduction via spores | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sporogenesis | 3 June 2015 09:40:23 |
SprayZone | Region of the shore immediately above the splash zone that is subject to wetting by the spray from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SprayZone | 28 May 2015 14:17:49 |
Stacks | Stacks of indivudal cells/frustules (e.g. in diatoms), like a pack of cards. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stacks | 10 November 2014 10:06:51 |
StandardLength | 1) The measurement from the most anterior tip of the body to the midlateral posterior edge of the hypural plate (in fish with a hypural plate) or to the posterior end of the vertebral column (in fish lacking hypural plates). It may be restricted to the tip of the snout if the lower jaw projects. The base of the caudal fin (end of the vertebral column or posterior edge of the hypural plate) is determined by flexing the tail up while the caudal peduncle is held down. The resultant wrinkle or caudal flexure indicates the caudal base. It may also be determined by probing or dissection. Sometimes the posteriormost point is the last scale, the last pored scale or the beginning of the caudal fin rays. It is the usual scientific measurement for length of a fish except in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. This measurement is used because long-preserved fish often lose the tips of the caudal fin rays through breakage after the desiccation effect of alcohol. See total length and fork length. In Holocephali the length is usually taken from the tip of the snout to the origin of the upper caudal fin because the caudal filament breaks off frequently. In Scaridae it is taken back to the rear margin of the second to last lateral line scale, because the large scales obscure the point of caudal flexure. In small dead fish, the end point is detected by bending the caudal fin to one side. In fishery work, as a result of the use of the measuring board, standard-, fork- and total length are taken from the most anterior part of the head. Abbreviated as SL. (FishBase) 2) Standard length (SL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin. (Wikipedia) Standard length measurements are used with Teleostei (most bony fish), while total length measurements are used with Myxini (hagfish), Petromyzontiformes (lampreys), and (usually) Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), as well as some other fishes. (Wikipedia) 3) Standard length (SL) can be specified as: a) Maximum length: Size (in cm) of the largest male/unsexed or female specimen ever caught. (FishBase); b) Common length: Size (in cm) at which male/unsexed or female specimen(s) are commonly caught or marketed. (FishBase). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StandardLength | 19 December 2016 14:22:17 |
Stellate | Arranged like a star. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stellate | 10 November 2014 10:07:37 |
StickyMucus | Tentacles used to collect particluate food (e.g. polychaete deposit feeders) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StickyMucus | 28 May 2015 11:53:31 |
Stinging | Tentacles that bear stinging cells to catch, subdue prey (e.g. Cnidaria) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stinging | 7 November 2014 14:46:24 |
StraitSound | Channels between the mainland and an island or between two islands which are open at both ends to the open coast (it does not refer to similar features or narrows within marine inlets). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StraitSound | 29 May 2015 16:39:52 |
Strandline | A line on the shore composing debris deposited by a receding tide; commonly used to denote the line of debris at the level of extreme high water (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Strandline | 2 June 2015 14:00:17 |
Straplike | In the form of a strap or ribbon. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Straplike | 10 November 2014 10:08:20 |
Strong | 3 to 6 knots (1.5-3 m/sec.) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Strong | 1 June 2015 13:29:53 |
StunAttack | An organism that uses pulses of electricity or sound to stun prey (e.g. pistol shrimp) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StunAttack | 28 May 2015 10:06:03 |
Sublittoral | 1) The zone exposed to air only at its upper limit by the lowest spring tides, although almost continuous wave action on extremely exposed coasts may extend the upper limit high into the intertidal region. The sublittoral extends from the upper limit of the large kelps and includes, for practical purposes in nearshore areas, all depths below the littoral. Various sub-zones are recognized (based on Hiscock, 1985). 2) The marine zone extending from the lowest limit of the intertidal to the outer edge of the continental slope (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sublittoral | 28 May 2015 15:22:57 |
SublittoralFringe | The upper part of the sublittoral zone which is uncovered by the tide. On hard substrata, the zone is characterized by the kelps Laminaria digitata and Alaria esculenta. The lower limit of this zone is marked by the upper limit of the truly sublittoral kelp Laminaria hyperborea (based on Lewis, 1964; Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SublittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 14:16:11 |
Substratum | An organism that provide substratum for specific other organisms, rarely found on other organisms, a ubiquitous relationship. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Substratum | 20 May 2015 16:23:45 |
SubstratumHabitat | Description of the substratum on or in which an organism is found or recorded. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubstratumHabitat | 2 June 2015 09:09:38 |
SubsurfaceDepositFeeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within the substratum (e.g. Echinocardium cordatum) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubsurfaceDepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:41:26 |
SubsurfaceSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubsurfaceSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:13:17 | |
Suctorial | Appendages that bear suckers on muscular arms to hold and subdue prey (e.g cephalopods) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Suctorial | 28 May 2015 11:24:53 |
Support | An organism that provides 'support' for other organisms, either as a host for a symbiote or parasite, or as substratum for epibiota. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Support | 29 July 2015 11:38:59 |
SupportingStructuresEnclosures | Hard framework, internal or external, which supports and protects softer parts of plant, animal or unicellular organism, and to which muscles usually attach in animals, includes skeletons (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 23 February 2017 11:14:46 |
Supralittoral | 1) The lower terrestrial zone, characteristically dominated by orange and white-to-grey lichens on hard substrata with scattered salt-tolerant higher plants and mosses (Hiscock, 1996). 2) The region of the shore directly above the highest water level and subject to wetting by spray or wave splash (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Supralittoral | 28 May 2015 14:17:00 |
SurfaceDabbling | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDabbling | 15 July 2015 16:13:41 | |
SurfaceDepositFeeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter on the surface of the substratum (e.g. Corophium volutator) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:42:07 |
SurfaceDipping | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDipping | 15 July 2015 15:49:04 | |
SurfaceDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDiving | 7 November 2014 12:21:36 | |
SurfacePlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfacePlunging | 15 July 2015 16:14:18 | |
SurfaceSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:14:44 | |
SuspensionFeeder | Organisms that strain food from the surrounding water. They can range in complexity from sponges and corals to baleen whales. They live on organisms or debris that drifts past them, or they seek out small floating or swimming organisms (Charton, 2001). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SuspensionFeeder | 13 December 2016 15:02:13 |
Swimmer | An organism that moves through the water column via movements of its cilia, flagella, fins, legs or appendages, via undulatory movements of the body or via jet propulsion (e.g. Gadus, Loligo). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Swimmer | 14 May 2015 15:55:24 |
Swimming | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Swimming | 7 November 2014 13:11:25 |
SymbiontContribution | Where some dietary component(s) are provided by symbiotic organisms (e.g. Anemonia with zooxanthellae). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SymbiontContribution | 29 July 2015 11:27:03 |
Symbiotic | An association between two organisms. The term may bused to describe all associations between organisms of the same or different species. It is usually reserved for associations that are mutually beneficial (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Symbiotic | 20 May 2015 16:02:30 |
Tadpole | Having the body form of a tadpole i.e. consisting of a round head with a tail. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tadpole | 10 November 2014 10:08:59 |
Talons | e.g. birds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Talons | 7 November 2014 15:04:44 |
TaxonSpecificBodySize | The measure of body size specific to a taxonomic group. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:21:30 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. (Wikipedia) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 7 June 2016 11:30:00 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeMacroAlgae | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySizeMacroAlgae | 5 December 2019 14:10:19 | |
TempRange | Min/Max Value | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TempRange | 15 July 2015 16:15:39 |
TemporaryAttachment | An organism that can temporarily attach to a substratum but is able to release its attachment, and move across (or through) it (i.e. sedentary) (e.g. Actinia). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TemporaryAttachment | 17 July 2015 14:08:32 |
Tentacles | A slender, flexible limb or appendage in an animal, especially around the mouth of an invertebrate, used for grasping or moving about, or bearing sense organs (OED). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:48:46 |
Terrestrial | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Terrestrial | 6 May 2015 15:01:37 | |
Territorial | Independent but maintains a defined territory | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Territorial | 20 May 2015 16:19:08 |
TidalStrength | The horizontal movement of water associated with the meteorological, oceanographical and topographical factors. High water flow rates result in areas where water is forced through or over restrictions for example narrows or around protruding offshore rocks. Tidal streams are associated with the rise and fall of the tide where as currents are defined as residual flow after the tidal element is removed (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:28:58 |
Tolerance | Based on AMBI | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tolerance | 2 June 2015 14:12:30 |
TotalLength | 1) The greatest length of the whole body between the most anterior point of the body and the most posterior point, in a straight line, not over the curve of the body. Sometimes, when there are two equal lobes, the caudal rays are squeezed together and their tip is taken as the most posterior point (excluding the caudal filaments), or the longest lobe is squeezed to the midline (maximum length or extreme tip length). Also an imaginary line may be drawn between the two lobe tips and length to its mid-point taken as the most posterior point (total auxiliary length or bilobular length). Usually the tip of the most posterior lobe of the fin in normal position is taken as the posteriormost point (total normal length or natural tip length). Total length is used by taxonomists in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, usually in Elasmobranchii and sometimes in other fishes. Standard length is usually employed with Teleostei. Abbreviated TL. (FishBase)
Total length measurements are used in slot limit and minimum landing size regulations. (Wikipedia) 3) Total length (TL) can be specified as:
| http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TotalLength | 7 June 2016 11:35:59 |
Trapezoid | a convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is referred to as a trapezoid in American and Canadian English but as a trapezium in English | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Trapezoid | 10 November 2014 10:09:54 |
Traps | An organism that uses traps such as sticky threads or webbing (e.g. spiders) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Traps | 28 May 2015 10:00:54 |
TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | 5 December 2019 12:47:49 |
TruncatedCone | Cone with flattended top (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TruncatedCone | 14 May 2015 11:24:43 |
Tubicolous | An organism that lives in a tube of its own construction (e.g. mucus, bound sand grains, Calcium carbonate etc). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tubicolous | 29 July 2015 11:58:35 |
Turbinate | Whorled (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Turbinate | 10 November 2014 10:11:16 |
Turf | The lowest stratum of erect branching or filiform species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Turf | 7 November 2014 16:54:26 |
TypeI | Species very sensitive to organic enrichment and present under unpolluted conditions (initial state). They include the specialist carnivores and some deposit-feeding tubicolous polychaetes. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeI | 6 May 2015 15:01:58 |
TypeII | Species indifferent to enrichment, always present in low densities with non-significant variations with time (from initial state, to slight unbalance). These include suspension feeders, less selective carnivores and scavengers. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeII | 6 May 2015 15:02:06 |
TypeIII | Species tolerant to excess organic matter enrichment. These species may occur under normal conditions, but their populations are stimulated by organic richment (slight unbalance situations). They are surface deposit-feeding species, as tubicolous spionids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeIII | 6 May 2015 15:02:18 |
TypeIV | Second-order opportunistic species (slight to pronounced unbalanced situations). Mainly small sized polychaetes: subsurface deposit-feeders, such as cirratulids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeIV | 6 May 2015 15:02:26 |
TypeV | First-order opportunistic species (pronounced unbalanced situations). These are deposit- feeders, which proliferate in reduced sediments. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeV | 6 May 2015 15:03:19 |
TypicalSpeciesComposition | Common in OSPAR Region IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypicalSpeciesComposition | 5 December 2019 12:06:34 |
UltraSheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch measured in tens or at most a few hundred metres. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UltraSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:45:38 |
Under10 | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Under10 | 24 November 2014 16:48:04 | |
UnderBoulders | Habitat associated with the underside of boulders. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderBoulders | 2 June 2015 14:01:12 |
UnderIce | The habitat formed by the underside of ice sheets at the interface of frozen ice and fluid seawater. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderIce | 28 May 2015 15:46:03 |
UnderwaterSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderwaterSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:16:11 | |
UnderwaterSwimming | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderwaterSwimming | 15 July 2015 16:18:10 | |
Unitary | Organisms that grow by a determinate pathway of development of a tightly canalized adult form, e.g. all arthropods and vertebrates (from Begon et al., 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Unitary | 14 May 2015 10:10:04 |
Univoltine | One generation per year / annuals (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Univoltine | 3 June 2015 10:48:11 |
UpperCircalittoral | Dominated by animals with sparse foliose algae except where grazed. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata distinguished by the presence of scattered foliose algae amongst the dominating animals; its lower limit is the maximum limit of depth for foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperCircalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:27:07 |
UpperEulittoral | Barnacles and limpets present in quantity with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum although often this belt has only sparse algal cover compared with the lower eulittoral (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperEulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:27 |
UpperInfralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperInfralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:25:11 |
UpperLittoralFringe | Top of the littoral fringe, characterized by Verrucaria maura with Littorina saxatilis and Littorina neritoides often present. May include saltmarsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperLittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 15:19:40 |
UpwardsConveyor | Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically head-down at depth in the sediment, and that transport particles from depth to the sediment surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpwardsConveyor | 28 May 2015 08:52:33 |
Variable | mixed and variable material | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Variable | 23 February 2017 14:06:59 |
Vegetation | Attached or stuck to vegetation, e.g. opistobranchs, mermaid purses, cephalopod eggs etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vegetation | 3 June 2015 11:11:16 |
Vegetative | Asexual reproduction via somatic growth processes, fragmentation, fission, or budding (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vegetative | 3 June 2015 11:21:13 |
Veliger | A free-swimming molluscan larva, characterized by lobed extensions of the peroral trochus (velum), larval shell and rudimentary foot (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Veliger | 30 June 2015 11:26:16 |
VentralBuccalOrgan | variable set of folds, musculature and glands, present on the ventral side of many polychaetes, is usually referred to as a ventral proboscis and is the most common form in Polychaetes. The ventral proboscis may be a simple eversible muscular pad, the outer end of these pharynges may be frilled and densely ciliated. Other species have the lateral walls of the proboscis folded and broadly connected ventrally to a deep buccal organ, others have a ventral proboscis also present. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VentralBuccalOrgan | 28 May 2015 13:34:38 |
VentralMuscularProboscis | The ventral and lateral walls of the buccal region are muscular and the lining is sclerotized into a varying number of eversible jaw pieces. The jaws are separated into a pair of ventral mandibles and two or more pairs of lateral maxillae. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VentralMuscularProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:32:47 |
Vermiform | Worm-like | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vermiform | 7 November 2014 17:25:46 |
VermiformAnnulated | Worm like but lacking true segments although annuli may be present, e.g. roundworms (Nematoda) and ribbon worms (Nemertea). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformAnnulated | 15 July 2015 16:18:40 |
VermiformSegmented | Worm-like with the body divided into semi-independent, serially repeated units (Barnes et al., 1993) e.g. Annelida. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformSegmented | 15 July 2015 16:18:59 |
VermiformUnsegmented | Worm-like where the external surface is divided into a chain of rings or 'annuli' by furrows giving the appearance of segments (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformUnsegmented | 14 May 2015 11:50:47 |
VerticalBiologicalZone | A description of the vertical biological zone or zonation in which an organism resides. The zone is determined by depth, physical, chemical and biological factors. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 08:49:52 |
VeryExposed | 1) Open coasts which face into prevailing winds and which receive wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions for several hundred kilometres, but where deep water is not close to the shore (50 m depth contour further than about 300 m). 2) Open coasts adjacent to extremely exposed sites but which face away from prevailing winds. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:38 |
VerySheltered | Coasts with a fetch less than about 3 km where they face prevailing winds or about 20 km where they face away from prevailing winds, or which have offshore obstructions such as reefs or a narrow (<30°) open water window. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VerySheltered | 1 June 2015 11:46:09 |
VeryStrong | >6 knots (>3 m/sec) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryStrong | 15 July 2015 15:45:57 |
VeryWeak | Negligible | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryWeak | 1 June 2015 13:31:29 |
Viviparous | 1) Producing live offspring from within the body of the parent (Lincoln et al., 1998). 2) Development of an embryo within the body of the parent, in part, resources passing directly from parent to embryo (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Viviparous | 3 June 2015 11:30:00 |
ViviparousCare | Offspring are nurtured and protected by the adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ViviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:31:29 |
Vulnerable | A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vulnerable | 4 December 2019 14:24:52 |
WadinginShallowWater | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WadinginShallowWater | 15 July 2015 16:19:49 | |
Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | Where the species alters water levels or causes nuisance fouling on boats/water structures. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | 6 May 2015 12:02:39 |
WaveExposed | Defined via traits - but included as some authors do not specify level of wave exposure. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveExposed | 1 June 2015 11:38:50 |
WaveExposure | Traits that describe the range of exposure to wave action in which the organism is recorded. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveExposure | 1 June 2015 12:08:23 |
WaveSheltered | Defined via traits below - included as some authors do not specify | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:44:27 |
Weak | <1 knot (<0.5 m/sec) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Weak | 1 June 2015 13:32:04 |
Whiplike | In the form of a whip. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Whiplike | 10 November 2014 10:11:52 |
Width | A measurement or extent of something from side to side; the lesser of two or the least of three dimensions of a body (OED) Note: For width you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Width | 7 June 2016 11:47:52 |
WidthOfDisc | The greatest distance between the lateral tips of the pectoral fins in Rajiformes. (FishBase) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WidthOfDisc | 7 June 2016 11:41:06 |
Wingspan | In birds (Aves) - "the distance between the wing tips when the wings are held outstretched" (Wikipedia) or "wingtip to wingtip in flight" (BTO). In winged insects (Insecta) - "may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body" (Wikipedia) Note: For wingspan you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Wingspan | 7 June 2016 11:47:48 |
Zoea | Fourth free-swimming larval stage of Decapoda, with thoracic appendages for locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Zoea | 7 December 2015 15:25:53 |