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- Boundary rips are related to the presence of hard topographic structures (headlands, groynes, jetties) that locally shield the beach from obliquely ...ffshore structures - natural seabed structures or manmade structures. Such structures produce a longshore modulation of wave energy in the breaker zone by shield9 KB (1,280 words) - 11:49, 14 October 2024
- ...m average sea-level rise relative to the local land level, as derived from coastal tide gauges. }} ...s the rising trend averaged over longer periods, which is observed at many coastal stations since more than a century. Global warming due to human emissions o41 KB (6,164 words) - 15:08, 21 January 2024
- ...tion=The act of dealing – in a planned way – with actual and potential coastal erosion and its relation to planned or existing development activities on t #To ensure the development activities in the coastal area follow an overall land use plan and a general environmental policy38 KB (5,697 words) - 21:31, 2 July 2022
- ==Applicability for different coastal types== ...will eventually collapse if their sea sides are not strengthened, whereas coastal breakwaters constructed at a distance greater than say <math>x^* > 1.2</mat8 KB (1,250 words) - 14:00, 4 October 2021
- ...t of groynes depends on the type of coast, especially the [[Definitions of coastal terms#littoral drift|littoral drift]]. We distinguish four types of coast ( ...ight at the landward end is not lower than the top of the [[Definitions of coastal terms#Backshore|backshore]]. The height of the groyne further seawards can21 KB (3,352 words) - 16:17, 5 October 2021
- ...from human activities and pressures. It discusses generic modifications to coastal [[ecosystem]]s in relation to specific human activities and introduces the ...re and acidity and the increase of the estimated cumulative impact for the coastal zones was estimated to be due for more than 80% to increasing sea surface t27 KB (4,061 words) - 17:28, 21 February 2024
- Coastal and estuarine [[ecosystem]]s have been, and still are, heavily influenced b ...m industry and agriculture, etc.) are considered. The sensitivity of the [[coastal zone]] to watershed impacts is examined in relation to land-derived polluti29 KB (4,235 words) - 09:24, 1 October 2024
- ...sible. Estimating the [[Total Economic Value|total economic value]] of the coastal ecosystem in monetary terms can prevent overexploitation and environmental ...he methods used for the valuation of goods and services provided by the UK coastal and marine ecosystem.9 KB (1,305 words) - 12:08, 4 March 2024
- ...s where proper analysis and modelling have formed the basis for successful coastal projects. ...d that the planning of a coastal development scheme includes the following coastal engineering disciplines:18 KB (2,697 words) - 10:29, 20 February 2024
- ...regarding access to information and justice as well as to decision-making structures through public participation. ...and human health and safety, conditions of life, cultural sites and built structures, to the extent that these are or may be affected by the aforementioned elem7 KB (1,101 words) - 20:34, 11 July 2020
- ...g place for vessels, as a recreation facility, as a measuring facility for coastal processes or as a part of [[Sand by-pass systems|sand by-pass facility]]. F ==Possible impact on coastal processes==1 KB (217 words) - 15:37, 5 July 2020
- :[[Hard coastal protection structures]] :[[Ecological enhancement of coastal protection structures]]653 bytes (80 words) - 21:35, 4 July 2023
- ...en classification and mapping works of the littoral and upper sub-littoral coastal zone of the Great Britain and Ireland began. ...in space and time and lead to an explanation of macroscopic properties of coastal [[ecosystems]] (i.e. [[Nutrient conversion in the marine environment|nutrie17 KB (2,420 words) - 12:14, 6 March 2022
- ...ramework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater which:</P> ...to the freshwater, but also covers the coastal and transitional waters. In coastal areas, the WFD is in force up to one nautical mile from the territorial bas12 KB (1,701 words) - 16:38, 3 September 2020
- ...ft|300px|Fig. 1. Aerial image of an oil slick. Photo credit The Norwegian Coastal Administration/NOFO/Sundt Air.]] ...ral Network. Remote Sens. 13, 3203</ref>, [[Artificial Neural Networks and coastal applications|convolutional neural network]] <ref>Fan, Y., Rui, X.; Zhang, G13 KB (1,906 words) - 22:13, 10 August 2024
- ...e Netherlands is further elaborated and after that a brief overview of the Coastal zone policy in the Netherlands is given. ...y of occurrence. The level of the flood defence also on the value in the [[coastal hinterland|hinterland]]. Besides the design level, a probability of failure14 KB (2,223 words) - 19:01, 18 September 2023
- ...zones of [[pollutant]]s have been found along coastal regions far from the coastal source, and noticeable impacts have been detected even in deep sea regions. ...his is not the case for the widespread run-off of water-sand mixtures from coastal inlets, the latter being largely influenced by transport phenomena. <ref na19 KB (2,775 words) - 15:03, 7 October 2021
- ...Blue Carbon’ refers to the carbon sequestered by the world’s ocean or coastal vegetated ecosystems. }} ...he 19th century<ref>Li, X., Bellerby, R., Craft, C. and Widney, S.E. 2018. Coastal wetland loss, consequences, and challenges for restoration. Anthropocene Co42 KB (6,368 words) - 15:48, 13 August 2024
- ...esulting from [[wave overtopping]] and wave penetration through the porous structures, wave diffraction, run-up and wave breaking. Focusing on overtopping, addit ...e last decades in the numerical modelling of wave interaction with coastal structures to overcome these limitations. Nonlinear Shallow Water (NSW), Boussinesq-ty21 KB (3,036 words) - 15:03, 25 February 2023
- ...ndwater discharge insignificant for the world’s oceans but important for coastal ecosystems. Nature Commun. 11, 1260</ref>. Atmospheric deposition contribut ...ation. Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 108</ref>. Nitrogen fixation also occurs in the coastal zone, especially in benthic ecosystems, adding about 15 Tg N / yr to the gl28 KB (4,148 words) - 11:47, 21 September 2024