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• ICZM-Best practice case study in the Bay of Luebeck
  ...conducted (second step). This valuation calculated the monetary values of flooding risks on human lives and assets along the potential flood plains. For that ...cost-benefit analysis were good approaches to convey impacts of potential flooding and planned measures to the public.
  13 KB (1,840 words) - 16:14, 24 August 2020
• Characteristics of muddy coasts
  ...can cause severe problems, decreasing biodiversity and causing erosion and flooding. The connected coast type is often low wetland exposed to flooding. Mixed environments with wave-exposed shores or sandy tidal flats alternati
  9 KB (1,308 words) - 15:59, 15 May 2021
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and high astronomical tides. S ...at. Dunes act as a kind of flexible natural protection against erosion and flooding, see [[Dune erosion]]. If the vegetation is damaged by too much traffic or
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...ettlements from storm surge damage or to protect low-lying hinterland from flooding. The seawall is usually fronted by a wide beach and its impact on beach dyn *Increased flooding origination from the sea.
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Dune stabilisation
  ...y flexible buffer zone, which protects the hinterland from [[erosion]] and flooding. The eroded material supplies material to the littoral budget minimising th
  9 KB (1,306 words) - 19:25, 1 August 2023
• Seawall
  ...astal erosion and other damage due to wave action and storm surge, such as flooding. Seawalls are normally very massive structures because they are designed to ...awall is a passive structure, which protects the coast against erosion and flooding. Seawalls were (are) often used at locations off exposed city fronts, where
  3 KB (523 words) - 13:06, 30 December 2022
• Revetment
  ...the definition of a seawall, however a revetment does not protect against flooding. Furthermore, a revetment is often a supplement to other types of protectio
  1 KB (179 words) - 11:46, 30 March 2021
• Shore nourishment
  ...be applied when a single dune row that protects low-lying hinterland from flooding is not strong enough to withstand extreme storm surges. Sand is placed at t ...osion by feeding sand on the beach. It is not a protection measure against flooding, as the beach is normally submerged during extreme events. However, it enha
  12 KB (1,875 words) - 15:32, 23 July 2023
• Coast protection
  ...n]] and [[coastline]] retreat, from damage to coastal settlements and from flooding of the hinterland.
  1 KB (169 words) - 17:59, 7 March 2023
• Sea defence
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and extreme astronomical tides
  1 KB (159 words) - 19:21, 9 February 2019
• Coastline
  ..., the dune belt is of crucial importance to protect the hinterland against flooding. Structural beach erosion increases the vulnerability of the dune coast and
  6 KB (879 words) - 17:04, 26 August 2022
• Dune
  ...ss. Dunes act as a kind of flexible natural protection against erosion and flooding, see [[Dune erosion]]. If the vegetation is damaged by too much traffic or
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:49, 2 February 2023
• Sea level rise
  ...these vulnerable coastal zones to sea-level rise, in particular to reduce flooding risks <ref> Hinkel, J., D.P. van Vuuren, R.J. Nicholls, and Klein, R.J.T. 2
  41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
• Shoreline management
  ...s well as low lying coastal plains that are vulnerable to both erosion and flooding due to the action of the sea. This coupled with gradually rising sea levels ...extent of wave influence on shoreline; Relates to potential for hinterland flooding.
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Foresight project, UK
  ...the UK and looks at flooding from rivers and the sea, as well as internal flooding in towns and cities. It also considers the risks of coastal erosion. ...approaches to flood and coastal management or learn to live with increased flooding.
  3 KB (532 words) - 15:10, 22 July 2019
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...oss all economic sectors. Wind or water damage from a cyclone (hurricane), flooding by tsunami, wreckage from an earthquake, or coastal erosion from storms can
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...processes, providing e.g. healthy water and soil, natural defense against flooding
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Sea dikes
  |definition= An artificial wall meant to prevent flooding of the hinterland.
  653 bytes (80 words) - 22:35, 4 July 2023
• Risk and coastal zone policy: example from the Netherlands
  ...f occurrence of an extreme event (storms, tsunamis) leading to erosion and flooding multiplied by the (socio-) economic damage caused by the storm event. The d ...currence of an extreme event (storms, tsunamis) leading to [[erosion]] and flooding multiplied by the (socio-) economic damage caused by the storm event.
  14 KB (2,223 words) - 20:01, 18 September 2023
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...apture CO₂, but also help protect the coast against erosion and flooding<ref>Van Coppenolle, R. and Temmerman, S. 2019. A global exploration of tida
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Dune erosion
  ...]]. The coastal dune belt in many cases protects low-lying hinterland from flooding by the sea. Dune erosion therefore can be a serious threat.
  42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
• French case studies: RESPONSE project
  ...dous events and existing defences. Trends of changes in erosion and marine flooding of each system were evaluated by expert advices and mapped. Crossing this i ...the low lying “lidos” systems will be submitted to erosion and marine flooding increased risks, whereas the hard rock cliff-lined coast of Pyrénées Orie
  3 KB (413 words) - 16:39, 1 August 2019
• Effect of climate change on coastline evolution
  ...he next century are needed in order to manage the resulting risks. Coastal flooding is somewhat easier to predict than erosion since inundation can be estimate
  8 KB (1,288 words) - 21:24, 19 March 2021
• Case study: Applying ASMITA to UK estuaries
  ...al coastal defences, protecting the low lying land surround estuaries from flooding. Estuaries may also be used for recreational activities such as sailing, f ...g loss of intertidal areas, leading to habitat loss, shoreline erosion and flooding of low lying areas around estuaries.
  7 KB (1,063 words) - 11:37, 13 November 2021
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...agriculture on small islands will be impacted by [[sea level rise]] due to flooding, salt water intrusion in fresh water, salination of the soils and decline i
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Coastal management
  ...ration|restoration]], coastal defence (protection from coastal erosion and flooding) amongst a wide range of other human uses. Integrated coastal management is
  2 KB (294 words) - 12:49, 8 October 2021
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  ...changes in annual and seasonal precipitation, desertification, erosion and flooding; and this will in turn affect birds, protected habitats and conservation ar
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Mediterranean Sea and Region, including Adriatic Sea
  ...istics, [[erosion]], sediment deposition, drought, [[desertification]] and flooding may intensify or shift. Coastal and beach tourism is also an important sour ==Drought, desertification and flooding==
  11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
• French case studies: Dynamic of swash bar and hook spit formation in megatidal environment, Regneville Inlet (Normandy, France)
  ..., the tidal water level fluctuations control the duration of emergence and flooding periods. The net result of these tidal fluctuations is to reduce the durati
  13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
• Stakeholder analysis
  ...vers, which may harm the safety in the catchment areas (because of risk of flooding). To prevent this, the government may propose some commissioned areas which
  7 KB (1,007 words) - 17:34, 13 July 2020
• Light revetments built-in into artificial dunes
  ...n [[revetment]] built into the dune protected the village of Kuźnica from flooding (see Figure 2).
  4 KB (532 words) - 13:45, 16 February 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...surface area of 750 000 km². It is rather a young ecosystem formed by the flooding of a landmass some 20 000 years ago. Its coast and waters are still being c
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Salinization adaptation and freshwater supply for agriculture in the Dutch Delta
  ...omic development of the Delta region was highly stimulated. Safety against flooding is nowadays on a high standard, nonetheless [[sea level rise]] and [[climat ...lution to restore the ecological quality (whilst preserving safety against flooding and transportation possibilities) (Ministeries van VROM et al. 2004<ref>Min
  15 KB (2,136 words) - 12:58, 8 October 2021
• Coastal grazing marsh
  ...and where the soil is subjected to varying water levels. Impeded drainage, flooding as a result of river banks over-topping or excessive precipitation are amon ...w and oystercatcher which also breed on salt marsh. In the winter surface flooding of parts of these same areas attract wintering wildfowl such as teal, wigeo
  8 KB (1,285 words) - 14:50, 7 October 2021
• Mangroves
  ...r's edge, where frequent tidal flooding occurs. Areas that receive shallow flooding during high tide are home to mangrove species such as ''Bruguiera gymnorhiz ...oves. It has been estimated that mangroves protect millions of people from flooding every year, notably in densely populated areas of southeast Asia and reduce
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...activity, thereby helping to mitigate coastal erosion and protect against flooding and storm surges. Field observations in a back-barrier basin on the Atlanti
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Coastal squeeze
  ...re from erosion and [[Sea defence|sea defences]] to prevent erosion and/or flooding. These and other [[Shore protection, coast protection and sea defence meth
  7 KB (1,034 words) - 13:09, 6 March 2022
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...on the wave climate, the level and propagation of tides, coastal erosion, flooding and sediment balance. In the study area of Cova do Vapor – Costa da Capar ...ount of sediment received by the estuary is mainly dependent of storms and flooding, and it was estimated at 1 to 77*10⁶ tons per year. In dry year
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Spatial and temporal variability of salt marshes
  ...hes<ref name="Salt marsh"/>. Salt marshes protect the lowlands from marine flooding by damping storm and waves and by slowing flows pushing inland (Allen, 2000 ...vation gradient are adapted to the inundation frequency, including extreme flooding and storm events.]]
  18 KB (2,451 words) - 18:54, 7 March 2023
• Revetments
  ...a supplement to seawalls or dikes at locations exposed to both erosion and flooding. Revetments are used on all types of coasts.
  6 KB (972 words) - 23:01, 26 March 2024
• Coastal protection
  ...asures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and high astronomical tides. S
  2 KB (249 words) - 18:20, 7 March 2023
• Economic Value
  ...roductivity and [[biodiversity]], and the increased likelihood of drought, flooding, storm and extreme events).
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 21:07, 2 March 2024
• Socio-economic evaluation
  ...y to a recreational area, nice view) or negative (water pollution, risk of flooding). It may be to do with differences in time (time series data: prices in 197 ...ers) to prevent or reduce excessive noise, or the cost of dikes to prevent flooding. People will only incur this prevention expenditure if the expected usefuln
  10 KB (1,533 words) - 18:38, 3 March 2024
• Salt marshes
  ...of invertebrates mainly depend on protection, food and frequency of tidal flooding. <ref name=P98/> To successfully establish, annual species depend on yearl
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Thermohaline circulation of the oceans
  ...f coastal erosion|coastal erosion]], higher [[Extreme storms|storm surge]] flooding, inhibition of [[primary production]] processes, more extensive coastal inu
  23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
• Coastal defence
  ...ncompass both coast protection against erosion and [[sea defence]] against flooding.<ref name="CIRIA (1996)"> CIRIA (1996). ''Beach management manual''. CIRIA
  313 bytes (36 words) - 22:22, 17 September 2008
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...results of calculating the flooding probability are used to derive [[flood|flooding]]/[[breaching]] scenarios, which up to now have been based on experience an ...d to be flood-prone due to the respective elevation distribution. Hence, a flooding of the municipality could spread far into the hinterland of Schleswig-Holst
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• IMCORE project
  communities from [[flooding]] and [[erosion]]. To date, most attention has been focused on
  10 KB (1,460 words) - 12:27, 1 August 2019
• Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)
  ...ealthy and abundant seafood, clean beaches, and protection from storms and flooding. Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is an innovative management approach to a
  2 KB (266 words) - 17:30, 15 February 2024
• ICZM-Best practice case study in Western Zeelandic-Flanders
  ...ng public and administrative support of ICZM since the problem definition (flooding and weak development of employment in tourism) came out of the region.
  11 KB (1,569 words) - 16:12, 24 August 2020
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...dy manifests itself during extreme weather conditions, which go along with flooding, loss of life <ref>Jonkman, S.N. and Vrijling, J.K. 2008. Loss of life due ...ctions of global‑scale extreme sea levels and resulting episodic coastal flooding over the 21st Century. Nature Scientific Reports 10:11629</ref> to assess w
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Species extinction
  ...er area and loss of erosion control from coastal wetlands, thus increasing flooding risks to coastal inhabitants<ref>Stachowicz, J.J., Whitlatch, R.B., Osman,
  25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
• US Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Programs
  ...d States. Its coastal management roles—e.g. navigation, erosion control, flooding and habitat restoration—fall under that part of the USACE mission focused
  9 KB (1,363 words) - 09:56, 25 July 2020
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...rip out its roots and rhizomes. Increased sedimentation caused by storms, flooding, coastal soil erosion, dredging near seagrass meadows or coastal constructi
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
• Heavy metal content of mussels in the Western Scheldt estuary
  ...been blocked by dams (the DeltaWorks project) to create a barrier against flooding. Because of this blockade, the Eastern Scheldt changed from an estuary into
  4 KB (576 words) - 18:29, 5 November 2019
• Oyster reef shore protection
  ...yster reefs cannot replace [[revetments]] for providing protection against flooding during storm surges as they do not grow around or above high tide<ref>Scyph
  8 KB (1,247 words) - 19:38, 31 March 2024
• Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta
  Additionally the Magdalena River was prevented from flooding the delta by the construction of channels and dikes. The artificial outlets
  24 KB (3,723 words) - 14:47, 3 August 2019
• Bouches du Rhône
  ...SES: wetlands of the Camargue (exposed to impacts from irrigation and from flooding protection facilities for neighbour urban suburbs); marine flora and fauna
  5 KB (826 words) - 11:13, 15 July 2013
• Bouches du Rhone
  ...SES: wetlands of the Camargue (exposed to impacts from irrigation and from flooding protection facilities for neighbour urban suburbs); marine flora and fauna
  5 KB (826 words) - 13:11, 12 July 2020
• Groundwater management in low-lying coastal zones
  * soil subsidence and increased vulnerability to flooding, ...contribute to increase of the seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer: flooding by the sea, shoreline retreat, sea level rise and decrease of the flux of f
  42 KB (6,275 words) - 21:00, 30 March 2023
• Overtopping resistant dikes
  ...per meter with a 1/10,000 probability was adequate. It turned out that the flooding mechanisms were not understood well enough and that the safety standard was ...rotection against flooding. These protection measures prevent an area from flooding thus providing safe conditions for economic and social activities. The dike
  19 KB (3,217 words) - 00:20, 9 March 2023
• Proposing Potential ICZM Vision
  ...and coastal inundation). Similarly, proposed measures for protection from flooding or coastal erosion could cause significant biodiversity losses and undermin
  1 KB (234 words) - 17:32, 12 July 2020
• ICZM Scoping Risks
  ...ormal “trend” expectations of other pressures. Examples include severe flooding, acute pollution from watershed or marine sources, or enhanced disaster ris Quantification may be possible in many risks (e.g. area of land subject to flooding according to likely scenarios). However, in many risk cases, approximations
  3 KB (389 words) - 11:27, 25 July 2020
• Dynamics, threats and management of dunes
  ...een winter and summer. These changes will modify coastal erosion and sea‐flooding hazards (IPCC, 2014<ref>WONG P.P., LOSADA I.J., GATTUSO J.-P,. HINKEL J. ,
  15 KB (2,195 words) - 12:23, 8 October 2021
• Shore protection vegetation
  ...ough to prevent breach of the dune belt and protect the hinterland against flooding (see [[Dune erosion]]). However, the presence of vegetation, the vegetation ...tion for protecting coastal settlements (or the low-lying hinterland) from flooding in case of extreme storm surges. If this protection is not sufficient, hard
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ===Short-term effects of flooding and storms=== ====Short-term flooding: Vulnerability of marshes to saltwater flooding====
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
  ...habitat to sea level rise and storm events. In the case of natural reefs, flooding is not applicable and is therefore not discussed here. Much of the informa
  69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Establishment
  following headings: damage to infrastructure from sea level rise and flooding, declines in agricultural yields, health risks from heat waves, risks to hu
  17 KB (2,747 words) - 22:16, 1 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Analysis and Future
  * Loss of ecosystem services through low river flows, flooding etc. Increased risks of flooding and damages from heavy rains, winds etc., should have been identified in th
  23 KB (3,668 words) - 16:05, 5 February 2020
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Setting the Vision
  ...ariations (e.g. present flood defences are inadequate to cope with present flooding). Action to correct this situation can possibly be justified even without r ...th). For example, allowing settlement in an area that may be more prone to flooding may yield benefits now but will impose heavy costs later.
  8 KB (1,238 words) - 22:18, 1 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Realising the Vision
  * Development of insurance markets to provide cover against risks of flooding etc. to the extent that they bear at least part of the costs. This encourag
  6 KB (1,023 words) - 22:18, 1 August 2019
• Cultural heritage
  ...e connected to impacts from climate change, especially in terms of coastal flooding and erosion, which are expected to provoke damage or complete losses of bui
  17 KB (2,560 words) - 21:44, 6 September 2020
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...shallow water, e.g. the Northern Adriatic, where Venice is susceptible to flooding. Some modification is caused by seiching, when winds trigger oscillations a ...solid red line ( Wolf, 2009) <ref name="Wolf 2009">Wolf, J., 2009. Coastal Flooding – Impacts of coupled wave-surge-tide models. Natural Hazards, 9 (2), 241-
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Dynamics of mud transport
  ...ecessary to assess their impact on economy (navigability), safety (against flooding) and ecology.
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Ecological restoration of estuaries in North Western Europe
  :* erosion and flooding control (EPA, municipalities etc),
  36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
• Coastal lagoon
  ...: 92-894-9005-5</ref>. Low water discharges, in Southern Europe, and flash-flooding events, in North-Eastern Europe, are expected to increase changes in specie
  7 KB (1,011 words) - 21:33, 27 February 2020
• EU Maritime Policy: Green Paper 2006
  ...will need to be paid to the increasing coastal risks, such as erosion and flooding, generally attributed to global climate change, and how they may be avoided
  9 KB (1,418 words) - 17:17, 8 September 2020
• Greek case studies: Geomorphological changes on the coastal area of the Inner Thermaikos Gulf over the past 150 years
  ...ly, while the lower reaches of the deltaic plain were subjected to coastal flooding. Furthermore, human activities affected the circulation pattern of the Gulf
  6 KB (867 words) - 09:59, 2 July 2020
• Dune development
  ...g. 1. They protect settlements in the coastal zone against wave damage and flooding. However, they are not equally well developed everywhere. [[Definitions of
  21 KB (3,125 words) - 23:07, 24 February 2023
• Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone
  ...e will likely be areas that cannot be inhabited anymore due to the risk of flooding, leaving retreat as the only option. In other areas it may be possible to m In areas where good opportunities exist to mitigate the risk of flooding, even at higher sea levels, no short-term need exists to retreat. With good
  30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
• Herne Bay
  ..., due to the increase in foreign travel and to a lesser degree exposure to flooding that has prevented the town's redevelopment.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
  2 KB (351 words) - 11:41, 24 November 2014
• Compendium for Coast and Sea - creating a marine science-policy interface
  # Safety against flooding
  9 KB (1,243 words) - 17:23, 7 November 2019
• Coral Molecular Biomarkers
  ...tidas & García 2004). Other non-point Hg sources include erosion, runoff, flooding, overuse of agrochemicals, and industrial waste (Guzmán & García 2002). R
  50 KB (7,106 words) - 12:42, 14 September 2020
• Morphology of estuaries
  ...tant role in increasing the vulnerability to barrier breach and subsequent flooding<ref>Long, A.J., Waller, M.P. and Stupples, P. (2006) Driving mechanisms of ...n-made dams in the 1960s and 1970s to protect adjacent low-lying land from flooding.
  87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
• Physical processes and morphology of synchronous estuaries
  ...and the historic benefit of an estuary counterbalanced by growing fears of flooding. Since estuaries often supported major industrial development, remobilisati ...ges. Rapid increases of sea level on time scales of hours can cause severe flooding in low lying coastal regions and dramatic loss of life. Rapid decreases in
  50 KB (7,345 words) - 17:09, 2 July 2020
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  ...ers and coastal managers require tools for the rapid assessment of coastal flooding and erosion risk, the prioritisation of areas where interventions are urgen ...y needed to estimate beach retreat, and the water/land boundary from which flooding starts, respectively.
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Infragravity waves
  ...3121–3140</ref>. This larger run-up can lead to more [[overwash]]ing and flooding, and can therefore contribute considerably to beach- and dune- erosion<ref
  25 KB (3,848 words) - 16:22, 25 February 2023
• Extreme storms
  ...e Figs. 1a-1f). The most frequent natural hazards to coastal areas, namely flooding and erosion are usually induced by extreme storm events, resulting in lives Extreme storms are usually defined as the sources of coastal flooding or erosion risk, transmitted to the receptors (society, economy, environmen
  25 KB (3,812 words) - 20:36, 18 September 2023
• Siltation in harbors and fairways
  ...tuary, where salinity variations are more or less in phase with ebbing and flooding of the tide. In general, water level and tidal velocity are out of phase, a
  33 KB (5,130 words) - 15:57, 27 February 2023
• Swash zone dynamics
  ...in association with the spring-neap tidal cycle, but also leads to coastal flooding and inundation of the backshore region. The geomorphology of barrier island
  32 KB (4,942 words) - 12:58, 5 April 2021
• Shallow-water wave theory
  ...during storm conditions, and may thus be a contributory factor in coastal flooding.
  86 KB (13,927 words) - 12:36, 3 May 2023
• Characteristics of sedimentary shores
  ...sheltered shore will normally not erode, but it can be exposed to [[flood|flooding]]. Sheltered shores will normally be of poor recreational value, but are of ...d morphology of the area. If the coast is low, it will often be exposed to flooding during combined high tide and storm surge. In this case the [[coastal hinte
  24 KB (3,854 words) - 16:00, 30 June 2020
• Pressures, impacts and policy responses in European coastal zones
  ...tion over the past decades, because of urban development in areas prone to flooding and because of increase of population and capital investments in zones at r
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 20:35, 18 January 2022
• Threats to cold water coral reefs, sand banks and seagrass habitats in the North Sea by climate change effects
  ...s: coastal [[erosion]], landslides, river or estuary flooding, storm surge flooding and winds from ocean borne storm events (e.g. hurricanes, cyclones, and typ
  14 KB (2,043 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2023
• Climate adaptation policies for the coastal zone
  ...uture coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PloS one, 10 (3), e0118571</ref>). However, financial ...ng 394 activities and 136 countries addressing a range of issues including flooding, earthquakes, and landslides.
  24 KB (3,512 words) - 16:18, 10 May 2024
• Effect of Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area
  ...iers and the expansion of seawater as it warms up. Both factors will cause flooding :*flooding events prediction and appropriate mitigation aftermath;
  14 KB (2,207 words) - 12:17, 21 February 2024
• Nature-based shore protection
  ...ident waves; they also contribute to the protection of the hinterland from flooding and to the stabilization of the seabed. Seagrass meadows can produce signif ====Protection against flooding by storm surges====
  69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
• Marine data portals and tools
  ...gland and Wales, that consists of wave buoys located in areas at risk from flooding.
  25 KB (3,541 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2021
• Dam break flow
  ...the storm surge level in the tidal inlets reached up to five meters. Rapid flooding killed almost two thousand people who were unable to flee in time to safe p
  20 KB (3,178 words) - 16:41, 10 August 2022
• Classification of sandy coastlines
  ...suffering from a series of interrelated problems, such as coastal erosion, flooding, sedimentation and navigation constraints. New coastal development should n
  17 KB (2,622 words) - 20:46, 31 March 2021
• Estuarine turbidity maximum
  ...chelde estuary. The marsh level is close to the highest astronomical tide; flooding occurs only occasionally. Photo credit Anita Eijlers.]] ...are not subject to strong wave action, will rapidly grow to a level where flooding only occurs during the highest spring tides <ref>Allen, J.R.L. 2000. Morpho
  24 KB (3,654 words) - 16:38, 12 January 2024
• The backbarrier tidal flats in the southern North Sea - A multidisciplinary approach to reveal the main driving forces shaping the system
  ...tubes so that these could be removed for cleaning from the inside without flooding the pole. Even for professional divers, safe underwater operations were lim ...aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and archaea after the water pressure of the flooding tide has pumped the organic matter into the pore system of the sand body. D
  22 KB (3,418 words) - 22:48, 2 July 2023
• Proudman resonance and meteo tsunamis
  ...the overall sea-level oscillations, they can cause sea-level extremes and flooding, especially when combined with higher tides and storm surges, on top of the
  10 KB (1,523 words) - 17:50, 8 May 2024
• Harbor resonance
  ...harbour protection. The Dock Harbour Authority 1974, pp. 279–280</ref>. Flooding of low harbor quays also reduces the seiche amplitude due to frictional dis
  18 KB (2,870 words) - 15:49, 9 May 2024
• Coral islands
  ...gh wave erosion, an increase in the frequency and magnitude of wave-driven flooding and saline intrusion in the groundwater reservoirs. However, as sediment su
  8 KB (1,229 words) - 20:45, 2 April 2024
• Long-period lunar tides
  ===Flooding risk===
  20 KB (3,076 words) - 23:17, 2 July 2023
• River tides
  ...ds a major contribution to high water levels and to the associated risk of flooding. This is especially the case when the mean water level is raised by an exce ...016256</ref>. In microtidal environments, this can lead to a lower risk of flooding in case of extreme river discharge<ref>Talke, S. A., Familkhalili, R. and J
  25 KB (4,110 words) - 15:21, 20 April 2024
• Tidal rivers
  ...e shallow and levels fluctuate daily, seasonally or annually due to tides, flooding, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, or seepage losses. While the veg
  14 KB (2,146 words) - 12:57, 23 June 2023
• Vulnerability and risk
  ...s the estimated amount of damage occurring as a result of vulnerability to flooding. Flood risk is evaluated by adding up the probabilities of all flood events ...e. For example, the likelihood of extreme high waters susceptible to cause flooding increases with [[sea level rise]]. The likelihood of pollution accidents su
  12 KB (1,762 words) - 17:15, 23 September 2023