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• Nutrient conversion in the marine environment
  ...rrison, R. M. 1993. The atmospheric input of nitrogen species to the North Sea. Tellus 45B: 53−63</ref>, very different from the Redfield ratio 16:1 (av .... Nitrogen fixation also occurs in the coastal zone, especially in benthic ecosystems, adding about 15 Tg N / yr to the global nutrient stock<ref name=V13/>.
  26 KB (3,923 words) - 20:02, 4 August 2023
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...hasis on [[ocean acidification]], carbon sequestration, Arctic change, and sea level change. An Oceans and Climate panel was chaired by Robert Corell, Cha ...tropical cyclones and hurricanes. Other climate impacts include arctic sea ice reduction, cyclonic storms, changes in ocean circulation, and changes in [[
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Functional diversity in marine ecosystems
  ...difficult and usually impossible task of cataloging all species in marine ecosystems. By focusing on processes, it may be easier to determine how an ecosystem ...ty, but does not necessarily insure the security of functional overlap. In ecosystems with high redundancy, losing a species (which lowers overall functional div
  11 KB (1,570 words) - 12:30, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...nvironmental Agency (EEA)|EEA]]), in which the marine biodiversity of each Sea is described in some detail. In the ‘EEA reports’ an overview is given ...ersity - biogeographical regions and seas - Seas around Europe - The North Sea''</ref>==
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Sea ice ecosystem
  ...portance of sea ice: an overwiew. In: Thomas, D. N., Dieckmann, G. S., Sea ice. An introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology. Blackwell ==SEA ICE ==
  17 KB (2,538 words) - 23:36, 22 February 2024
• Marine habitats and ecosystems
  ...ntal shelf]] to the [[Open oceans|open ocean]] and [[Deep sea habitat|deep sea]]. The [[ecosystem]]s are sometimes linked with each other and are sometime '''Marine ecosystems''' are home to a host of different species ranging from [[plankton|plankton
  4 KB (622 words) - 14:39, 24 September 2022
• Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangroves
  ...uknavage. 2006a. Pacific Island Mangroves in a Changing Climate and Rising Sea. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 179. United Nations Environment ==Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise==
  15 KB (2,216 words) - 16:51, 3 September 2020
• Thermohaline circulation of the oceans
  ...mass. Evaporative cooling is predominant in the vicinity of the Norwegian Sea, and the sinking water mass known as the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), ...slowly becomes warmer and fresher. The outflow of bottom water makes the sea level of the Atlantic slightly lower than the Pacific. Combined with the d
  23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
• Arctic ocean
  ...extent is constrained by the Fram Strait, the western limit of the Barents Sea, the Bering Strait and the Canadian Archipelago (Fig. 1). ...re the shallowest (mean depths – 48 and 58 m, respectively). The Lincoln Sea and the adjacent area of the Northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago are the d
  14 KB (2,150 words) - 23:23, 22 February 2024
• Baltic Sea
  ...e:land_cover_baltic_sea_region_balans__001.jpg|thumb|left |Figure 1:Baltic Sea and its Drainage area<ref>http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/land_cover_baltic ...xceeds ten times precipitation (if exclude evaporation) and makes up 2% of sea volume. Baltic is situated between 10⁰ E ~54^oN and ~3
  14 KB (2,085 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2020
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...coast and therefore vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme conditions at sea. The focus is on coastal cities in low-income countries which are exposed t == Vulnerability to climate change and sea level rise==
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Greenhouse gas regulation
  ...ie, they sink and add to the supersaturation of carbon dioxide in the deep sea. This results in a vertical gradient of CO₂ in the ocean, which ...ch as decreases in sea ice extent, mixed-layer shallowing and increases in sea surface temperature may stimulate DMS production in these regions and possi
  4 KB (602 words) - 16:15, 12 September 2023
• Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae
  living in the sea are typically subdivided in plankton (the complex of microscopic collectivity of the algae that live attached to the sea bottom).
  18 KB (2,692 words) - 22:17, 12 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, Portugal
  ...22, occur locally. Between Faro and the Spanish border, there is a shallow sea bordered by sandy islands. On these islands large beaches, dunes and marsh ...dunes’ deposited during the Pleistocene Period and during the ‘Little Ice-Age’ of the Holocene. These are particularly extensive near Espinho, to t
  17 KB (2,536 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2019
• Predicted biodiversity changes in the Arctic
  ...onsidered low compared to [[Marine_habitats_and_ecosystems|European marine ecosystems]] at lower latitudes. However, during the brief summers with their long day Polar bear © Sea Mammal Research Unit
  3 KB (495 words) - 20:52, 11 September 2020
• Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
  ...eefs]] are charismatic systems which are highly vulnerable to temperature, sea-level and storm frequency changes. ...]. Studies of modifications to [[Natural variability and change in coastal ecosystems|ecosystem variation]] and functionality resulting from climate change must
  15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
• Monitoring keystone components of sub-Arctic foodwebs
  ...tinuous observations of major [[Abiotic | abiotic]] features in the White Sea over the last 50 years, and investigates the possible response of key plank ...ent of predictive capacity to evaluate climate induced changes in pelagic ecosystems.
  8 KB (1,240 words) - 23:02, 27 June 2020
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ...AN P.M.J., 2005. Self‐Organization and Vegetation Collapse in Salt Marsh Ecosystems. ''The American Naturalist''. '''165''', E1-12.</ref>). However, human acti ...f is needed in order to protect and manage these highly dynamic salt marsh ecosystems.
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• The Ocean as a unique laboratory
  ...g to a cephalochordate ancestor. Comparative developmental research on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus and the tunicate Oikopleura contribute novel insi ...Damselfish.PNG|thumb|420px|right|Damselfish guarding its eggs (Eilat, Red Sea).]]
  8 KB (1,265 words) - 12:12, 8 August 2019
• European coastal and marine observatories (2020)
  ...size: 11px; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"| Ligurian sea -Tyrrhenian sea ...and exchanges between the two adjacent basins (Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea). The site is part of the CIESM Hydro-Changes Programme. Along the mooring
  47 KB (6,585 words) - 12:44, 8 September 2020
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...ries within the section dealing with biodiversity of [[marine habitats and ecosystems]]. It gives an introduction to the type of biota that lives there, the prob ...y [[photosynthesis]]. They are capable of surviving on the moisture of the sea spray from waves. During winter, they are found lower on the intertidal roc
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Coral Molecular Biomarkers
  ...ation between seawater iron concentrations and dead coral cover in the Red Sea, suggesting chronic exposure to higher Fe levels may reduce coral growth ra ...this compound is stored in sediments and re-enters the food chain when the sea bottom is stirred up (Adamson 2003). Effects of organotin (TBT) are relativ
  50 KB (7,106 words) - 12:42, 14 September 2020
• History of Belgian sea fisheries
  <span class="tochidden">History of the Belgian sea fisheries</span> |The 'piscina' or 'beun' (a tank filled with sea water that kept the fish alive) is used for the first time on trawlers of O
  28 KB (4,259 words) - 16:56, 14 December 2016
• Shelf sea exchange with the ocean
  ...The extent of the shelf (sea) varies from zero around atolls and volcanic sea mounts (for example) to tens of kilometres typically but hundreds of kilome ...orld fisheries. Nature 418(6898), 689-695.</ref>. Hence many ocean-shelf sea interaction studies have taken place (Table 1 lists some), illustrating str
  34 KB (5,118 words) - 12:02, 29 June 2020
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...ries within the section dealing with biodiversity of [[marine habitats and ecosystems]]. ...in many places. They make up a large portion (about 30%) of the world’s ice-free coastlines<ref>Luijendijk, A, Hagenaars, G., Ranasinghe, R., Baart, F.
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 17:15, 26 December 2023
• Characteristics of sedimentary shores
  ...mate and tidal regime bear some relationship with the size of the adjacent sea. For each shore a short description is given below and some links to more d ...ves. Fine sedimentary coasts which are frequently subjected to high-energy sea waves (<math>\Omega</math> of order 5 or more), are gently sloping and diss
  24 KB (3,854 words) - 16:00, 30 June 2020
• EU workshop (2007) on climate change and eutrophication
  ...e on eutrophication, (Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems, Denmark, July 2006); and a preliminary COST proposal in the fall of 2006 t ...the timing of seasonal and annual events (spring runoff, autumn low flow, ice and snow cover), and the frequency and severity of extreme events (floods,
  11 KB (1,645 words) - 20:28, 27 June 2020
• Coastal and marine sediments
  ...ts. Time and distance are important factors: the longer the journey to the sea, the more chance there is for mineral grains to be rounded and reduced in s ...osion of these loess deposits, which are finally discharged into the Bohai Sea.
  56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
• Effect of Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area
  ==Baltic Sea – background information== [[image:Balticsea_Fig1.jpg|thumb|200px|left|'''Fig. 1.''' The Baltic Sea.<ref name="helcom">[http://www.helcom.fi HELCOM]</ref> ]]
  14 KB (2,207 words) - 12:17, 21 February 2024
• Natural variability and change in coastal ecosystems
  ...ifferent geographical scales and at different levels of coastal and marine ecosystems. The way in which natural variation is influenced by issues relating to [[c Coastal and marine [[ecosystems]] are not in a steady state, but exhibit continuous changes in production a
  28 KB (4,152 words) - 12:34, 6 March 2022
• The backbarrier tidal flats in the southern North Sea - A multidisciplinary approach to reveal the main driving forces shaping the system
  ...f>Rullkötter J., 2009. The back-barrier tidal flats in the southern North Sea—a multidisciplinary approach to reveal the main driving forces shaping th ...ous climate zones of the world. They belong to the most productive natural ecosystems on earth and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Tidal
  22 KB (3,418 words) - 22:48, 2 July 2023
• Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services
  ...(e.g., ''Sargassum'' and ''Gracilaria'') which do not live attached to the sea floor, but float freely. ...anoxic interior and have major detrimental effects on the affected coastal ecosystems<ref>Smetacek, V. and Zingone, A. 2013. Green and golden seaweed tides on th
  35 KB (5,044 words) - 17:21, 16 February 2024