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• ICZM Participation and Implementation in Europe
  ...CM is [[stakeholder consultation and commitment]]. There are many benefits to public participation in environmental decision making viz. • their knowledge and experience can be harnessed to improve plans and policies,
  13 KB (1,868 words) - 15:58, 14 July 2020
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...processes and engineering'''. A complementary list of definitions related to the living environment is given in the article '''[[Definitions of marine e ...definitions are based on the related Coastal Wiki articles. Terms related to the coastal profile are illustrated in the figure below.
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...l changes in hydrodynamic conditions and sediment supply are generally due to human interventions. Coastal structures interfering with the littoral transport are the most common cause of coastal erosion. The presence of the structure has a series of eff
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Eight levels of public participation
  ...n]] but is no more than a masquerade. However, it has been brought more up-to-date with less subjective language. ...powerlessness” of people. It has 8 rungs with each one “corresponding to the extent of citizens’ power in determining the end product” viz.
  11 KB (1,704 words) - 15:41, 8 August 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  |definition= The term ‘Blue Carbon’ refers to the carbon sequestered by the world’s ocean or coastal vegetated ecosyste ...[[Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone]]. They also contribute to the goals of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction<ref>UN, 2018.
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Stability models
  ...minated by self-organized processes. Stability models are the genuine tool to understand these processes and make predictions on the dynamics of those fe ...) the pendulum will start to oscillate (if it is not already in B) and due to friction it will end up at rest at B. Thus, the pendulum will move spontane
  41 KB (6,565 words) - 16:15, 4 October 2021
• Wavelet analysis of coastal processes
  ...lysis to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and also to compress the data to only a few wavelet functions. ...d on scale analysis by applying a wavelet transform, the authors were able to discover a small, low-frequency topographic feature of around 200 kms in le
  20 KB (3,180 words) - 15:59, 6 October 2023
• Sustainability indicators
  ...tors in measuring and assessing the sustainability of different approaches to management of the coastal and marine environments. ...years, the data can be aggregated to time series, creating indicators able to show trends.
  17 KB (2,404 words) - 21:49, 7 August 2021
• Measurements of biodiversity
  A variety of 'objective' measures have been developed in order to estimate biodiversity from field observations. This article discusses the m ...mpare biological entities, composed of diverse components. It is important to distinguish ‘richness’ from ‘diversity’. Diversity usually implies
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...nt physical, biological and exploitation characteristics, the main threats to biodiversity and the policies at work (nature protection and protection of [https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/report_2002_0524_154909/ ''link to actual EEA report'' (visited: 31/08/2007)]
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  ...g external costs in the form of reduced visual benefits and reduced access to others who enjoyed these environmental services before. The aim of this article is to report on research that has valued such benefits and costs.
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Mangroves
  ...functioning and adaptation to habitat conditions. An introduction is given to management aspects, discussing threats, conservation and [[Ecosystem rehabi ...]]dy areas (Karleskint, 1998<ref name=K98>Karleskint G. 1998. Introduction to marine biology. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. p.378</ref>). They repl
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• European Sand Dune Distribution
  This article provides an introduction to the distribution of coastal sand dunes in Europe. It is based on a revised ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and
  14 KB (2,160 words) - 17:37, 1 September 2020
• Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...[[European Sand Dune Distribution|on European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
• Sand dune types - Europe
  ...-lying areas where the action of waves and wind moves sedimentary material to create intertidal or coastal terrestrial habitats. The erosion of the forme ...ant role in the growth of the typical dune landscape, which is so familiar to anyone visiting the “seaside”, by facilitating the accumulation of sedi
  4 KB (687 words) - 15:53, 6 September 2020
• Deep sea habitat
  ...overview about the characteristics, the bottom topography, the adaptations to the environment of the biota and the threats. ...laces, the sea floor drops again into elongated trenches with depths of 10 to 11 kilometres. This region is the hadal region. The ocean floor is interrup
  11 KB (1,818 words) - 15:48, 27 February 2021
• Salt marshes
  This article describes the habitat of saltmarshes. It gives an introduction to the characteristics, distribution, evolution, adaptations, [[zonation]], su ...europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/habitats/models_en.htm] to download a copy of the Habitat Management Model for the above community.
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Coral reefs
  ...eefs are among the most diverse [[ecosystems]] in the world. Corals belong to the Phylum ''[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1267 C The formation of corals begins when free-swimming coral larvae attach to submerged rocks or other hard substrate along the edges of islands or conti
  27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
• Marine Plankton
  ...he aquatic food chains<ref>Barnes, R. and Hughes, R. 1999. An introduction to marine ecology. Wiley & Sons, Oxford</ref>. ...ructure: Heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions. ''Limnology and Oceanography'' 23: 1256-1263</ref>
  34 KB (5,059 words) - 17:27, 25 April 2024
• Meiofauna of Sandy Beaches
  ...e environments and their resources are not protected sufficiently relative to their socio-economical value. ...array of organisms from bacteria, fungi, microphythobenthos, and protozoa to extremely specialized metazoan animals live in the beach sand. Hundreds of
  22 KB (3,240 words) - 17:40, 30 December 2023
• Sand dune - Country Report, Poland
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...e Distribution|on the distribution of European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  33 KB (5,282 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Portugal
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...e Distribution|on the distribution of European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  17 KB (2,536 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Spain
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...e Distribution|on the distribution of European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  29 KB (4,726 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2019
• Microbial research
  In the ocean, microbes (organisms from 0.2 to 100µm) are very abundant. It has been ...d Archaea account for billions of tonnes of carbon (estimates range from 3 to 14
  12 KB (1,732 words) - 18:35, 22 February 2021
• The Baltic Algae Watch System - a remote sensing application for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea
  ...ons of normalized bloom duration, extent and intensity have been developed to enable comparison between different years. Results suggest that the most in ...valuating and analyzing the dataset collected during the period 1997-2006. To compare different year and see trends normalized index for bloom duration,
  25 KB (3,748 words) - 23:00, 21 August 2020
• Sand dune - Country Report, Bulgaria
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...e Distribution|on the distribution of European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  9 KB (1,323 words) - 09:09, 30 July 2019
• Wave energy converters
  ...yr), which is about 20% of the 2019 world energy consumption. However, due to technological and economic constraints, the exploitable resource is almost ...rn Ocean and the North Atlantic. Focusing on the annual wave resource near to the shore, in the Northern Hemisphere, the highest levels are the ones regi
  62 KB (9,587 words) - 22:04, 7 May 2024
• Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability
  ...ur of these species are described in this report due to their contribution to sediment entrainment, bed stability and potential wave energy attenuation, ...ry tube-dwelling polychaete (or annelid worm). They use suspended sediment to construct their tubes, see Figure 2 (Wilson, 1971<ref name= "Wilson71">WILS
  26 KB (3,875 words) - 18:26, 7 March 2023
• Ecosystem Approach to the South African small pelagic fishery
  [[Image:SouzaDias.0407.diagram.hake.PNG|thumb|270px|right|Diagram to show the different stages in the EAMR approach]] ...ontribute to solving the issues are also suggested. This will contribute to a management strategy that optimizes social and economic benefits without c
  9 KB (1,309 words) - 20:57, 3 September 2020
• Shore protection vegetation
  ...and thrive in shifting sands, that have a strong sand-binding capacity due to an extensive root system and that favor sand accumulation with their foliag ...at are well described in the literature and may ignore some important less common and less-studied species.
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Gravel Beaches
  ...[groynes]] or offshore breakwaters. This is because such beaches are known to be an efficient form of natural coastal defence <ref name="powel 1990">Powe ...990’s small scale experimental measurements and early field studies lead to the subsequent development of parametric models for profile prediction, lon
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
• Possible consequences of eutrophication
  ...roscopic organisms. They contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to live and grow. Most phytoplankton are buoyant and float in the upper part o ...specially nitrogen input from agricultural effluents), potentially leading to ecosystem collapse<ref>Ouaissa, S., Gómez-Jakobsen, F., Yebra, L., Ferrera
  19 KB (2,819 words) - 11:05, 20 February 2024
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...ecological changes are being investigated. Research is being carried out to improve the representation of tides, waves, currents, and surge in coastal ...om a landward limit associated with storm-wave phenomena (e.g., overwash), to a seaward limit beyond the point where incident waves break, but which depe
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Scaling Issues in Hydraulic Modelling
  ...tal structures as well as to confirm design procedures, for instance, lead to the need of using physical modelling. There is also little public awareness ..., some basic aspects of physical modelling, related scaling issues and how to control hydraulic modelling and scale effects as well as three case studies
  54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
• Marine Biotechnology in New Zealand
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programm ...s/new_zealand_views_on_biotech</ref> There are nevertheless some obstacles to the growth of biotechnology in New Zealand, the biggest ones being the coun
  26 KB (3,643 words) - 11:37, 9 August 2019
• European Action Plan Theme ICZM Participation and Implementation
  ...on_Plan#Nine_topics_of_interest|nine topics of interest]]. It is advisable to read these nine topics of interest for those interested in [[public partici ...management. The appendix provides details on the individual contributions to the workshop and participants.
  16 KB (2,362 words) - 17:40, 14 July 2020
• Case study Northern Devon
  While the area is strongly linked to the agriculture sector it is also a popular UK tourism destination. However ...profession to attract the next generation of fishers has also been central to a lot of the FLAGs with investment in fisher training, port/ beach infrastr
  14 KB (2,062 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
• Sand Dune Inventory of Europe - Israel
  ...rvation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attempted to provide a description of the [[sand dunes|sand dune vegetation]], sites and ...[[European Sand Dune Distribution|on European sand dunes]] provides links to the other European country reports. These represent chapters from updated i
  14 KB (2,095 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2019
• Fishing past and present: Belgium
  ...the territorial sea or inshore waters of Belgium. The present report aims to improve the understanding of current and historical levels of fishing activ ...between 1954 and 2012 (from 680 to 37 Full Time Equivalent, FTE), compared to a decrease of approximately 75% in the total commercial fleet. The economic
  18 KB (2,788 words) - 12:46, 11 October 2019
• Morphology of estuaries
  ...stuaries active morphodynamic systems that evolve autonomously in response to interventions of any kind. Understanding estuarine morphodynamics is theref ...main principles of estuarine morphology and underlying dynamics, according to which a classification scheme is introduced. This is followed by a more det
  87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
• Harbour porpoise in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...- and decision-makers and professionals who work in the marine environment to rely on the best available scientific information about the distribution, b The present document attempts to gather the scientific information on the harbour porpoise (''Phocoena phoco
  77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
• Sediment deposition and erosion processes
  ...and transport behaviors in tandem. The definition of particle size related to settling velocity is introduced in the context of cohesionless particles as ...s do not constitute sediment. However, as clay particles in the range of 1 to 0.1 μm are often found in flocs they are conveniently designated as sedime
  63 KB (9,960 words) - 23:03, 28 April 2024
• Infragravity waves
  ...um.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Figure 1: Classification of ocean waves according to wave period. The forces responsible for various portions of the spectrum ar ...London A278 202-565-573</ref> varying from coastal erosion during storms, to coral reef hydrodynamics and the generation of seiche in harbors. Their gen
  25 KB (3,848 words) - 16:22, 25 February 2023
• Rhythmic shoreline features
  ...suggestion of a recurrent alongshore spacing <math>L</math>. We then refer to these undulations or cuspate features as ''rhythmic shoreline features''. ...g morphology. This is the case of bars created by standing waves. We refer to these two types as ''forced features''.
  41 KB (6,530 words) - 10:19, 3 July 2022
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...ecreational areas and tourist destinations. Fine-grained sand beaches tend to be gently sloping and quite flat. ...e and cross-shore by currents and waves. A more comprehensive introduction to the processes underlying beach formation is given in the articles [[Shorefa
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 17:15, 26 December 2023
• Littoral drift and shoreline modelling
  ...l drift in field situations is notoriously difficult and generally subject to great uncertainty. Therefore, model estimates are often used in practice. A ...2024. Characterizing longshore transport potential and divergence of drift to inform beach loss trends. Coastal Engineering 189, 104473</ref>.
  26 KB (4,053 words) - 13:58, 30 April 2024
• Coastal and marine sediments
  ...s the predominant mineral in present day beach and river sands and is also common in most ancient sandstones. The rate at which weathering occurs depends on ...ef> Milliman, J. D. and Meade, R. H. 1983. World-wide delivery of sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology 91, 1–21</ref>.]]
  56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
• North Atlantic Oscillation
  ...he monthly NAO index over the period 1955-2015. This NAO index corresponds to the first EOF ([[Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Fu ...d the Mediterranean Sea. This brings increased storm activity and rainfall to southern Europe and North Africa<ref>Hurrell, J. W. 1995. Decadal trends in
  8 KB (1,246 words) - 20:12, 26 May 2023
• Hard coastal protection structures
  Hard coastal protection structures are common worldwide. For example, the percentage of armoured coastline is about 16% a This article provides an introduction to hard coastal protection structures. An overview is given of structures that
  15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
• Invading species in the Baltic Sea
  ...the [[Baltic Sea]] during the 20th century. This is a significant addition to the biodiversity of this species-poor, brackish sea, which only supports ap ...tails&id=126279 ''Acipenser sturio''], a species that is now also believed to be a medieval invader from North America.
  4 KB (639 words) - 12:56, 21 February 2024
• Tidal bore dynamics
  ...introduction to the topic of tidal wave deformation the reader is referred to the article [[Tidal asymmetry and tidal inlet morphodynamics]]. ...m tidal range is the maximum range recorded at a tide gauge situated close to the location in the estuary where the tidal range is highest.
  46 KB (6,918 words) - 13:06, 20 January 2024
• Estuarine turbidity maximum
  ...zone of suspended sediment transport, where turbidity levels are high due to high suspended sediment concentrations. }} ...n fine sediments that have entered the estuary and to prevent their escape to the sea. These processes will be discussed in the next section.
  24 KB (3,654 words) - 16:38, 12 January 2024