Difference between revisions of "Tester"
(→Partial External Tube) |
|||
(102 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | test 2 | |
− | + | '''all''' {{#ask: [[Category:Marine species traits]] | |
− | + | |?Modification date | |
+ | |?URL | ||
+ | |?definition | ||
+ | |?has value | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Collectionscheme | ||
+ | |?Concept type | ||
+ | |searchlabel={{{1|RDF}}} | ||
+ | |limit=2500 | ||
+ | |format=rdf | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[Category:Marine species traits]] | ||
+ | |?Modification date | ||
+ | |?URL | ||
+ | |?definition | ||
+ | |?has value | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Collectionscheme | ||
+ | |?Concept type | ||
+ | |searchlabel={{{1|json}}} | ||
+ | |limit=2500 | ||
+ | |format=json | ||
+ | }} | ||
− | {{#ask: [[ | + | |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Biological_Descriptors''': {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Biological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=csv | ||
+ | |sep=; | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Biological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=json | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Biological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=rdf | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Distribution Descriptors''': {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Distribution_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=csv | ||
+ | |sep=; | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Distribution_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=json | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Distribution_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=rdf | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Ecological Descriptors''':{{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Ecological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=csv | ||
+ | |sep=; | ||
+ | }}{{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Ecological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=json | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Ecological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=rdf | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Species Importance To Society''':{{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Species_Importance_To_Society]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | format=csv | ||
+ | |sep=; | ||
+ | }}{{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Species_Importance_To_Society]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=json | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Species_Importance_To_Society]] | ||
+ | |?Collection | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | | format=rdf | ||
+ | |limit =500 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Biological_Descriptors == | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Biological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |mainlabel=wikipagename | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Modification date | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Distribution_Descriptors == | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Distribution_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |mainlabel=wikipagename | ||
+ | |intro= '''Distribution_Descriptors''' | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Modification date | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | == Ecological_Descriptors == | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Ecological_Descriptors]] | ||
+ | |mainlabel=wikipagename | ||
+ | |intro= '''Ecological_Descriptors''' | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Modification date | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | == Species_Importance_To_Society == | ||
+ | {{#ask: [[collection::Traits:Species_Importance_To_Society]] | ||
+ | |mainlabel=wikipagename | ||
+ | |intro= '''Species_Importance_To_Society''' | ||
+ | |?Label | ||
+ | |?Definition | ||
+ | |?is trait of | ||
+ | |?Modification date | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==references== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[reference::+]] | ||
+ | |mainlabel=wikipagename | ||
+ | |?reference | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == tree Supporting Structures and Enclosures == | ||
+ | |||
+ | === all === | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[Collection::Traits:Ecological Descriptors]] | ||
+ | | format=tree | ||
+ | | parent=Is_trait_of | ||
+ | | root= Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures | ||
+ | | start level =0 | ||
+ | | limit=5500000000000 | ||
+ | |?#= | ||
+ | |?Label#= | ||
+ | | mainlabel=- | ||
+ | | template=SmwAsk_GenericPageLink | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === Partial External Tube === | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{#ask: [[Is_trait_of::Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:ExternalTube]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:NonSolidCement]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:Solid]] | ||
| format=tree | | format=tree | ||
| parent=Is_trait_of | | parent=Is_trait_of | ||
+ | | root= Traits:ExternalTube | ||
+ | | start level =0 | ||
+ | | limit=5500000000000 | ||
+ | |?#= | ||
+ | |?Label#= | ||
+ | | mainlabel=- | ||
+ | | template=SmwAsk_GenericPageLink | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | === Partial Exoskeleton=== | ||
+ | {{#ask: [[Is_trait_of::Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:Exoskeleton]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:NonSolidCement]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:Solid]] | ||
+ | | format=tree | ||
+ | | parent=Is_trait_of | ||
+ | | root= Traits:Exoskeleton | ||
+ | | start level =0 | ||
+ | | limit=5500000000000 | ||
+ | |?#= | ||
+ | |?Label#= | ||
+ | | mainlabel=- | ||
+ | | template=SmwAsk_GenericPageLink | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === Partial Endoskeleton=== | ||
+ | {{#ask: [[Is_trait_of::Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:Endoskeleton]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:NonSolidCement]] OR [[Is_trait_of::Traits:Solid]] | ||
+ | | format=tree | ||
+ | | parent=Is_trait_of | ||
+ | | root= Traits:Endoskeleton | ||
+ | | start level =0 | ||
+ | | limit=5500000000000 | ||
+ | |?#= | ||
+ | |?Label#= | ||
+ | | mainlabel=- | ||
+ | | template=SmwAsk_GenericPageLink | ||
}} | }} | ||
− |
Latest revision as of 13:36, 10 April 2017
test 2
Biological_Descriptors: CSV JSON RDF
Distribution Descriptors: CSV JSON RDF
Ecological Descriptors:CSVJSON RDF
Species Importance To Society:CSVJSON RDF
Contents
Biological_Descriptors
wikipagename | Label | Definition | Is trait of | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Actinula | Actinula | Crawling larval stage of some hydoids (amend) | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:36:37 |
Adult | Adult | The reproductively capable (mature), fully formed, usually longest lived, stage of an animals life cycle. | Lifestage | 1 July 2015 09:49:35 |
AdultBody | Adult body | Attached or stuck to adult but not held in specialised appendage / receptacle | CementedAttached | 3 June 2015 11:09:11 |
AdultBurrow | Adult burrow | Eggs are placed or retained within the parents burrow | EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:07:44 |
AdultDiapause | Adult | DiapauseStage | 6 May 2015 10:33:00 | |
AgeAtMaturity | Age at maturity | Age recorded in days, months, years. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 10:58:08 |
AlternationOfGenerations | Alternation of generations | The alternation of generations, in the life cycle of an organism, that exhibit different modes of reproduction; typically sexual (diploid) and asexual (haploid) phases. Also termed metagenesis (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Daphnia, some rotifers) | ReproductiveType | 27 July 2015 13:56:14 |
Amphiblastula | Amphiblastula | A poriferan larva, composed of a hollow ball of cells, with one hemisphere ciliated (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:39:28 |
Anisogamous | Anisogamous | Having flagellate gametes of different size, shape or behaviour (from Bold, 1977 and Lincoln et al., 1998). | GameteType | 3 June 2015 09:44:08 |
AnnualEpisodic | Annual episodic | Breeds every year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle). | Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:43:05 |
AnnualProtracted | Annual protracted | Breeds every year over an extended or drawn out period. | Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:43:30 |
ApomicticParthenogenesis | Apomictic parthenogenesis | Reproduction via single cells /eggs that are derived by mitosis (Barnes et al., 1993) - amictic. | AsexualReproduction | 17 July 2015 13:41:07 |
Arrhenotoky | Arrhenotoky | Haploid males develop from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs (adapted from Lincoln 'et al., 1998). | Gonochoristic | 3 June 2015 09:02:12 |
AscidianTadpole | Ascidian tadpole | A free-swimming tadpole-like larva of ascidians, characterized by a head (bearing internal organs and adhesive papilla) and tail (with notochord and neural tube) (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:43:37 |
AsexualReproduction | Asexual reproduction | Reproduction not involving the exchange of genetic material, amictic, individuals derived form a single parent (Barnes et al., 2006); not involving the fusion of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998) | ReproductiveType | 2 June 2015 15:21:43 |
AttachedSediment | Sediment surface | Attached to the sediment surface e.g. by mucilagenous sheath such as used by necklace shells, and opistobranchs | CementedAttached | 3 June 2015 11:10:01 |
Auricularia | Auricularia | First free-swimming larval stage of the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a continuous and curving flagellated band (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 11:29:40 |
AutomicticParthenogenesis | Automictic parthenogenesis | Obligate self-fertilization (Lincoln et al., 1998) in which haploid eggs /gametes are produced by meiosis but diploidy is restored without fertilization. | Monoecious | 3 June 2015 09:18:00 |
Biannual | <Biannual | Breeds less frequently than every two years. | Iteroparous | 6 May 2015 08:12:42 |
BiannualEpisodic | Biannual episodic | Breeds every second year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle). | Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:43:56 |
BiannualProtracted | Biannual protracted | Breeds once every two years over an extended or drawn out period. | Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:44:16 |
Biological Descriptors | Biological Descriptors | Marine species traits | 4 May 2015 11:03:36 | |
Bipinnaria | Bipinnaria | First of the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by a ciliary band and the presence of arm-like projections (Stachowitsch, 1992; Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 15 December 2015 13:27:03 |
Bivoltine | Bivoltine | Two generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:45:55 |
BodySize | Body size | A measurement of the size of the organism. Note - the measurement used to express body size varies within taxonomic groups. For example, some disciplines measure diameter, others carapace length, total body length or wing span. Also body size can vary with gender and life stage. | Biological Descriptors | 13 May 2015 12:02:06 |
Bodylength | Body length | Maximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages. | QuantitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:23:16 |
Brachioloaria | Brachiolaria | The second the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by the appearance of three adhesive arms at the anterior end (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 15 December 2015 13:27:40 |
Broadcast | Broadcast | Both gametes are expelled (spawned) from the confines of the adult body or tissues, into the external fluid medium (water/air) | External | 6 May 2015 08:41:17 |
BroodChamber | Brood chamber | Eggs retained by adult, usually in specialised cavity/appendage where the eggs develop to larval or juvenile stage | EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:37:33 |
BroodingBehaviour | Brooding behaviour | Lifehistory | 2 April 2020 13:19:45 | |
Budding | Budding | A form of asexual multiplication in which a new individual begins life as an outgrowth from the body of the parent. It may then separate to lead an independent existence or remain connected or otherwise associated to form a colonial organism (Barnes et al., 1993). | Vegetative | 3 June 2015 11:10:56 |
CementedAttached | Cemented or attached | The surface or body part to which eggs are attached by the parent | EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:08:47 |
ClutchSize | Clutch size | Number of eggs laid at one time - in organisms that may lay eggs in one or more batches. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:02:09 |
Conaria | Conaria | Early larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with disc-shaped float, and consists of a hollow sphere with aboral thickening (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:00:53 |
Copepodid | Copepodid (copepodite) | Free swimming larval stage, typically with five sub-stages, characterized by excretion through maxillary glands, and progressive increase in number of body segments and posterior appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 11:41:29 |
Coronate | Coronate | Free-swimming, lecithotrophic larva of Bryozoa | Larva | 30 June 2015 11:35:59 |
Cydippid | Cydippid | Free-swimming spherical larva, composed of a simple gastrovascular system and short comb-rows; resembles typical adult ctenophore (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 10 July 2015 11:42:14 |
Cyphonautes | Cyphonautes | Free-swimming bryozoan larva, the body is triangular, compressed and enclosed in a bivalve shell (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 15 December 2015 13:29:22 |
Cypris | Cyprid (cypris) | Final lecithotrophic larval stage, characterized by bivalved carapace, compound eyes, prehensile antennules and thoraic appendages (cirri) (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 11:07:16 |
Diameter | Diameter | The length of a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere. Note: For diameter you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | TaxonSpecificBodySize | 7 June 2016 11:47:57 |
DiapauseStage | Dormancy/Diapause Stage | Description of dormant stage | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:44:46 |
Diplontic | Diplontic | A life cycle characterized by a diploid adult stage producing haploid gametes by meiosis, the zygote forming by fusion of a pair of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998). | LifeCycle | 2 June 2015 14:54:40 |
DirectDevelopment | Direct development | Development without a larval stage | LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:19:31 |
DispersalPotential | Larval or juvenile dispersal potential | Potential for dispersal provided by one or more larval/juvenile stages, recorded in m, km. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:53:38 |
Doliolaria | Doliolaria | Second free-swimming larvae (after the auricularia) in the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a series of flagellated rings around a barrel-shaped body (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 11:42:29 |
Echinopluteus | Echinopluteus | Free-swimming larva of Echinoidea, distinguished by six pairs of arms, supported by skeletal rods (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 11:47:03 |
EggClutchLocation | Egg, egg mass or clutch location | Description of where fertilized eggs are placed or held | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:06:21 |
EggPropaguleSize | Egg or propagule size | Size (diameter) of macrogamete (egg or ovum) in µm, mm, cm. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:40:44 |
EggSac | Egg sac | for example the egg sacs of copepods - carried by adult | EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:12:37 |
Eggs | Eggs | DiapauseStage | 6 May 2015 10:33:17 | |
Ephyra | Ephyra | Young, free-swimming medusa stage typically developing from attached scyphistoma or occasionally direct from a planula. Umbrella typically composed of eight, bifurcated arms (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 12:04:07 |
External | External | Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium | Fertilization | 3 June 2015 10:27:27 |
Fecundity | Fecundity | Number of eggs reported produced per female per reproductive cycle. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:05:02 |
Fertilization | Fertilization | Description of the location of fertilization, whereby in animals/macroalgae a gametes are fertilized or in plants pollination occurs. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 10:29:14 |
Fission | Fission | A form of asexual multiplication involving division of the body into two or more parts each or all of which can grow into new individuals (Barnes et al., 1993). | Vegetative | 3 June 2015 11:14:34 |
ForkLength | Fork length (FL) | 1) Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. (FishBase)
2) Fork length (FL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. (Wikipedia) 3) Fork length (FL) can be specified as:
| TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 7 June 2016 11:37:23 |
FreeWaterColumn | Free or water column | Eggs spawned into water column | EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:13:19 |
GameteType | Gamete type | Descriptors of the relative size of gametes | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 09:42:52 |
GenerationTime | Generation time | The mean period of time between reproduction by parent generation and the reproduction of the first filial generation (Lincoln et al., 1998); recorded in years. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:44:11 |
Glochidium | Glochidium | Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 1 July 2015 09:19:49 |
GoettesLarva | Goette's larva | Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 15 December 2015 13:31:12 |
Gonochoristic | Gonochorisitc (dioecious) | Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes et al., 1993). | SexualReproduction | 3 June 2015 08:57:34 |
HaploidDiploid | Haploid-diploid (haplodiplontic) | Both haploid and diploid forms, with gametophytes giving rise to haploid gametes, and sporophytes giving rise to haploid spores by meiosis | LifeCycle | 2 June 2015 15:00:13 |
Haplontic | Haplontic | A life cycle in which meiosis occurs in the zygote to produce the haploid phase but in which only the zygote is diploid (Lincoln et al., 1998). | LifeCycle | 2 June 2015 14:56:54 |
HardSubstrata | Rock (hard substrata) | Attached or stuck to hard substrata, e.g. dog whelk capsules | CementedAttached | 3 June 2015 11:10:37 |
Heteromorphic | Heteromorphic | The haploid and diploid phases are different in size and body shape; the gametophyte is often diminutive (small to microscopic). | HaploidDiploid | 6 March 2020 10:56:26 |
Instar | Instar | Any intermoult stage in the development of an arthropod (Lincoln et al., 1998) | Lifestage | 30 June 2015 10:42:41 |
Internal | Internal | Fertilization (gametes meet) within the body (or body cavity or accessory organ) of the individual | Fertilization | 6 May 2015 08:40:35 |
Isogamous | Isogamous | Gametes similar in size, shape and behaviour, not differentiated into male or female (Lincoln et al., 1998) | GameteType | 3 June 2015 09:45:13 |
Isomorphic | Isomorphic | Haploid and diploid phases morphologically identical | HaploidDiploid | 6 March 2020 10:56:37 |
Iteroparous | Iteroparous (polytely) | 1) Breeding several times per lifetime. 2) Organisms that have repeated reproductive cycles (Lincoln et al., 1998). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:42:39 |
Juvenile | Juvenile | Early adult life stage of an organism that shares the morphology and ecology of the adult but is not capable of reproduction. | Lifestage | 1 July 2015 13:20:13 |
Juveniles | Juveniles | DiapauseStage | 6 May 2015 10:33:28 | |
Larva | Larva | An independent, motile, developmental stage of an organism, that differs in morphology and ecology from the juvenile or adult stage, and undergoes a metamorphosis to become the juvenile or adult (adapted from Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Barnes et al., 2006). | Lifestage | 1 July 2015 09:54:12 |
LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | Larval and juvenile development | Description of how the larvae or juveniles develop into adults | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:19:04 |
LarvalSettlement | Larval settlement period | Description of the period of time over which larval settlement occurs. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 11:56:55 |
LarvalStageDuration | Duration of larval stage | Duration of the larval stage recorded in days or months. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 12:00:11 |
LarvalSttlementSubstratum | Larval settlement substratum | A description of the preferred substratum for larval settlement | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 12:01:20 |
Lecithotrophic | Lecithotrophic | Development at the expense of internal resources (i.e. yolk) provided by the female (Barnes et al., 1993). | LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:33:33 |
LifeCycle | Life cycle | The stages an organism passes through between the production of gametes by one generation and production of gametes by the next generation (Lincoln et al., 1998) | Lifehistory | 2 June 2015 14:52:34 |
LifeSpan | Life span | life span/longevity, recorded in days, months, years. | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 10:58:44 |
Lifehistory | Life history | Traits that describe the life history characteristics of an organism | Biological Descriptors | 5 February 2020 12:20:06 |
Lifestage | Life stages | Description of the larval and juvenile stages in the life cycle of an organism | Biological Descriptors | 30 June 2015 10:59:16 |
Macrobiota | Macrobiota [2.0 - 200 mm] | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 2.0 and 200 mm. | QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:14:21 |
Megabiota | Megabiota [> 200 mm] | Individual organisms with a mean body size larger than 200 mm. | QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:12:37 |
Megalopa | Megalopa | Post larval stage of decapod Crustacea (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 8 July 2015 08:29:28 |
Meiobiota | Meiobiota [0.2 - 2.0 mm] | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 0.2 and 2.0 mm. | QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:15:29 |
Metanauplius | Metanauplius | Second larval stage in decapod Crustacea; resembles the nauplius but with more appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 29 June 2015 16:14:40 |
Microbiota | Microbiota [<0.2 mm] | Individual organisms with a mean body size smaller than 0.2 mm. | QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:16:25 |
Mitraria | Mitraria | A type of polychaete larva characterized by numerous long flotation bristles (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 10:54:28 |
Monoecious | Hermaphrodite (monoecious) | Both male and female reproductive organs in a single individual (animals) or flower (plants) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | SexualReproduction | 3 June 2015 09:14:29 |
MullersLarva | Muller's larva | The free-swimming eight armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Rupert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 15 December 2015 13:31:55 |
Multivoltine | Multivoltine | Many generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:45:32 |
Nauplius | Nauplius | Free-swimming larva, with a characteristic triangular shape, rostral horns in some, three pairs of appendages, and sometimes a nauplia eye. The number of nauplius stages varies between groups (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 23 June 2015 16:22:31 |
Nectochaeta | Nectochaeta | A polychaete larval stage where the first set of chaetal bundles and parapodia develop, although the ciliary girdle remains for swimming (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:52:09 |
NoDiapause | None | DiapauseStage | 6 May 2015 10:33:41 | |
NoOviparousCare | No care | Eggs are laid and abandoned by adult | Oviparous | 3 June 2015 11:20:54 |
NoViviparousCare | No care | Offspring are abandoned by the adult | Viviparous | 3 June 2015 11:30:41 |
NonSelfing | Non-selfing | Incapable of self-fertilization, due to physical or temporal separation of gametes, and/or self-incompatability genes | PermanentHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:20:42 |
Oogamous | Oogamous | Having large, non-motile eggs and small motile sperm (Lincoln et al., 1998). | GameteType | 3 June 2015 09:45:55 |
Ophiopluteus | Ophiopluteus | Free-swimming larvae of Ophiuroidea, distinguished by four pairs of arms supported by skeletal rods (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:53:57 |
Oviparous | Oviparous | Egg laying; producing eggs that are laid and hatch externally (Lincoln et al., 1998). | DirectDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:20:11 |
OviparousCare | Parental Care | Parents, guard or protect the eggs/clutch e.g. birds, some reptiles | Oviparous | 3 June 2015 11:21:28 |
Ovoviviparous | Ovoviviparous | Fully formed eggs are retained and hatched inside the maternal body and are released as live offspring (Lincoln et al., 1998). No nutrition is derived from the mother. | DirectDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:27:34 |
Parenchymella | Parenchymella | A poriferan larva composed of a ciliated ball of cells (blastula), with a brief swimming phase (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 18 December 2015 11:24:03 |
Pediveliger | Pediveliger | A late veliger that is able to use its foot to crawl and provide temporary attachment | Larva | 30 June 2015 11:29:55 |
Pelagosphaera | Pelagosphaera | The secondary free-swimming larva in Sipunculida, that develops from a non-feeding trochophore (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | Larva | 18 December 2015 11:21:23 |
PermanentHermaphrodite | Permanent (synchronous) hermaphrodite | Capable of producing both ova and spermatozoa either at the same time (Barnes et al., 1993). | Monoecious | 3 June 2015 09:19:34 |
Physiology | Physiology | Biological Descriptors | 1 April 2015 09:25:05 | |
Pilidium | Pilidium | Free-swimming, helmet-shaped, larva of nemerteans (ribbon worms) with an apical tuft, apical sensory organs, oral lobes and oral ciliated band (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996). | Larva | 30 June 2015 08:45:56 |
Planktotrophic | Planktotrophic | Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton (Barnes et al., 1993). | LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:32:54 |
Planula | Planula | A ciliated, free swimming larva; lacks a mouth but in older stages may include a gastrovascular cavity (Stachowitsch, 1992) | Larva | 12 June 2015 16:28:44 |
Pollination | Pollination (plants) | Transfer of male gametophyte (pollen) to the 'female' part of a flower | Internal | 3 June 2015 10:30:26 |
Protandrous | Protandrous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where male gametes mature and are shed before female gametes mature (Holmes, 1979). | SequentialHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:36:18 |
Protogynous | Protogynous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where female gametes mature and are shed before male gametes mature (Holmes 1979). | SequentialHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:36:52 |
Protonymphon | Protonymphon | Larval pycnogonid that bears three pairs of appendages, the chelicerae, palps and ovigerous legs (Ruppert & Barnes, 1996). | Larva | 30 June 2015 08:47:31 |
Protozoea | Protozoea | Third larval stage in Decapoda, characterized by antennal locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992) | Larva | 30 June 2015 09:56:13 |
PseudoArrhenotoky | Pseudo-arrhenotoky | Males develop from diploid fertilized eggs but subsequently eliminate or silence the paternal genome | Gonochoristic | 3 June 2015 09:04:17 |
QualitativeBodySize | Qualitative body size | Body size measured in terms of mega, macro, meio/meso and micro. | BodySize | 18 December 2019 13:18:22 |
QuantitativeBodySize | Quantitative body size | Body size measured in numerical values. | BodySize | 18 December 2019 13:07:31 |
Rataria | Rataria | A later larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with a disc-shaped float, and an elongated body surrounded by the rim of the growing disc (Stachowitsch, 1992) | Larva | 8 July 2015 08:27:47 |
ReproductiveFrequency | Reproductive Frequency | Lifehistory | 6 May 2015 08:22:37 | |
ReproductiveSeason | Reproductive season | A description of the season(s) or months of the year during which reproduction occurs | Lifehistory | 3 June 2015 10:54:48 |
ReproductiveType | Reproductive type | Traits that describe how an organism reproduces or the mechanism by which reproduction is achieved. | Lifehistory | 27 July 2015 13:57:28 |
SedimentSurface | Sediment surface | EggClutchLocation | 14 July 2015 20:00:23 | |
Seeds | Seeds (plants) | DiapauseStage | 3 June 2015 11:45:28 | |
SelfFertilizing | Self-fertilizing | Capable of self-fertilization | PermanentHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:21:24 |
Semelparous | Semelparous (monotely) | Breeding once per lifetime, or breeding only once then dying (Barnes et al., 2006). Organisms that only have one brood during their lifetime (Lincoln et al., 1998). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:47:26 |
Semivoltine | Semivoltine | One generation every two years (Barnes et al., 2006). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:48:43 |
SequentialHermaphrodite | Sequential hermaphrodite | Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | Monoecious | 3 June 2015 09:35:14 |
SexualReproduction | Sexual reproduction | 1) Reproduction involving the regular alternation of gamete formation by meiosis, and gamete fusion (karyogamy) to form a zygote (Lincoln et al.,1998). 2) Reproduction where recombination of genetic material, derived from more than one parent is possible (Barnes et al. 2006), true amphimixis involves random segregation of genes and random association of parental contribution (gametes). | ReproductiveType | 3 June 2015 09:06:08 |
SpecialisedStage | Specialised stage | A specialised dormancy or diapause stage in the life cycle of the organism | DiapauseStage | 3 June 2015 11:46:38 |
Spermcast | Spermcast | Male gametes are spawned and fertilize eggs within or attached to parent | Internal | 3 June 2015 10:31:31 |
Sporogenesis | Sporogenesis | Reproduction via spores | ReproductiveType | 3 June 2015 09:40:23 |
StandardLength | Standard length (SL) | 1) The measurement from the most anterior tip of the body to the midlateral posterior edge of the hypural plate (in fish with a hypural plate) or to the posterior end of the vertebral column (in fish lacking hypural plates). It may be restricted to the tip of the snout if the lower jaw projects. The base of the caudal fin (end of the vertebral column or posterior edge of the hypural plate) is determined by flexing the tail up while the caudal peduncle is held down. The resultant wrinkle or caudal flexure indicates the caudal base. It may also be determined by probing or dissection. Sometimes the posteriormost point is the last scale, the last pored scale or the beginning of the caudal fin rays. It is the usual scientific measurement for length of a fish except in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. This measurement is used because long-preserved fish often lose the tips of the caudal fin rays through breakage after the desiccation effect of alcohol. See total length and fork length. In Holocephali the length is usually taken from the tip of the snout to the origin of the upper caudal fin because the caudal filament breaks off frequently. In Scaridae it is taken back to the rear margin of the second to last lateral line scale, because the large scales obscure the point of caudal flexure. In small dead fish, the end point is detected by bending the caudal fin to one side. In fishery work, as a result of the use of the measuring board, standard-, fork- and total length are taken from the most anterior part of the head. Abbreviated as SL. (FishBase)
2) Standard length (SL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin. (Wikipedia) Standard length measurements are used with Teleostei (most bony fish), while total length measurements are used with Myxini (hagfish), Petromyzontiformes (lampreys), and (usually) Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), as well as some other fishes. (Wikipedia) 3) Standard length (SL) can be specified as: a) Maximum length: Size (in cm) of the largest male/unsexed or female specimen ever caught. (FishBase); b) Common length: Size (in cm) at which male/unsexed or female specimen(s) are commonly caught or marketed. (FishBase). | TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 19 December 2016 14:22:17 |
TaxonSpecificBodySize | Taxon specific body size | The measure of body size specific to a taxonomic group. | QuantitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:21:30 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | Taxon specific body size: Fish | Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. (Wikipedia) | TaxonSpecificBodySize | 7 June 2016 11:30:00 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeMacroAlgae | Taxon specific body size: Macroalgae | TaxonSpecificBodySize | 5 December 2019 14:10:19 | |
TotalLength | Total length (TL) | 1) The greatest length of the whole body between the most anterior point of the body and the most posterior point, in a straight line, not over the curve of the body. Sometimes, when there are two equal lobes, the caudal rays are squeezed together and their tip is taken as the most posterior point (excluding the caudal filaments), or the longest lobe is squeezed to the midline (maximum length or extreme tip length). Also an imaginary line may be drawn between the two lobe tips and length to its mid-point taken as the most posterior point (total auxiliary length or bilobular length). Usually the tip of the most posterior lobe of the fin in normal position is taken as the posteriormost point (total normal length or natural tip length). Total length is used by taxonomists in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, usually in Elasmobranchii and sometimes in other fishes. Standard length is usually employed with Teleostei. Abbreviated TL. (FishBase)
Total length measurements are used in slot limit and minimum landing size regulations. (Wikipedia) 3) Total length (TL) can be specified as:
| TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 7 June 2016 11:35:59 |
Univoltine | Univoltine | One generation per year / annuals (Barnes et al., 2006). | ReproductiveFrequency | 3 June 2015 10:48:11 |
Vegetation | Vegetation | Attached or stuck to vegetation, e.g. opistobranchs, mermaid purses, cephalopod eggs etc. | CementedAttached | 3 June 2015 11:11:16 |
Vegetative | Vegetative reproduction | Asexual reproduction via somatic growth processes, fragmentation, fission, or budding (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | AsexualReproduction | 3 June 2015 11:21:13 |
Veliger | Veliger | A free-swimming molluscan larva, characterized by lobed extensions of the peroral trochus (velum), larval shell and rudimentary foot (Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 30 June 2015 11:26:16 |
Viviparous | Viviparous | 1) Producing live offspring from within the body of the parent (Lincoln et al., 1998). 2) Development of an embryo within the body of the parent, in part, resources passing directly from parent to embryo (Barnes et al., 2006). | DirectDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:30:00 |
ViviparousCare | Parental care | Offspring are nurtured and protected by the adult | Viviparous | 3 June 2015 11:31:29 |
Width | Width | A measurement or extent of something from side to side; the lesser of two or the least of three dimensions of a body (OED) Note: For width you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | TaxonSpecificBodySize | 7 June 2016 11:47:52 |
WidthOfDisc | Width of disc (WD) | The greatest distance between the lateral tips of the pectoral fins in Rajiformes. (FishBase) | TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 7 June 2016 11:41:06 |
Wingspan | Wingspan | In birds (Aves) - "the distance between the wing tips when the wings are held outstretched" (Wikipedia) or "wingtip to wingtip in flight" (BTO).
In winged insects (Insecta) - "may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body" (Wikipedia) Note: For wingspan you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | TaxonSpecificBodySize | 7 June 2016 11:47:48 |
Zoea | Zoea | Fourth free-swimming larval stage of Decapoda, with thoracic appendages for locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | Larva | 7 December 2015 15:25:53 |
Distribution_Descriptors
Distribution Descriptorswikipagename | Label | Definition | Is trait of | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abyssobenthic | Abyssobenthic (Abyssal) | Occupying the ocean floor from ca 4000 - 6000 m depth. Usually a more or less flat plain (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 14:13:11 |
Abyssopelagic | Abyssopelagic (2500-6000 m) | Overlays the plains of the major ocean basins with a lower boundary of ca 6000 m. | Pelagic | 29 May 2015 15:24:39 |
AlphaHaline | Alpha-haline | 36-40 psu | MarineSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:16:34 |
AlphaMesohaline | Alpha-Mesohaline | 10-<18 psu | Mesohaline | 1 June 2015 11:06:44 |
AlphaOligohaline | Alpha-Oligohaline | 3-<5 psu | Oligohaline | 1 June 2015 11:10:09 |
AlphaPolyhaline | Alpha-Polyhaline | 25-<30 psu | Polyhaline | 1 June 2015 11:13:00 |
AnchialineCaves | Anchialine caves | Coastal salt water habitats with no surface connection to the sea. | VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 09:13:39 |
Artificial | Artificial (man-made) | E.g. wood, metal or concrete structures. | HardImmobile | 6 May 2015 14:27:41 |
Bathybenthic | Bathybenthic (Bathyal) | Occupying the ocean floor from ca 200 - 4000 m depth (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 14:13:46 |
Bathylpelagic | Bathylpelagic (1000-2500 m) | Extends from ca 1000-2500 m. | Pelagic | 29 May 2015 15:28:15 |
Bedrock | Bedrock | Any stable hard substratum, not separated into boulders or smaller sediment units. Includes soft rock-types such as chalk, peat and clay. (Hiscock et al., 1999; MarLIN) | HardImmobile | 1 June 2015 14:23:02 |
Benthic | Benthic | Pertaining to the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (Lincoln et al., 1998). | VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 09:13:52 |
Benthopelagic | Benthopelagic | A zone of open water extending ca 100 m above the surface of the sea bed at all depths below the edge of the continental shelf. | Pelagic | 6 May 2015 14:29:07 |
BetaHaline | Beta-Haline | 30-36 psu | MarineSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:17:21 |
BetaMesohaline | Beta-Mesohaline | 5-<10 psu | Mesohaline | 1 June 2015 11:08:05 |
BetaOligohaline | Beta-Oligohaline | 0.5-<3 psu | Oligohaline | 1 June 2015 11:10:41 |
BetaPolyhaline | Beta-Polyhaline | 18-<25 psu | Polyhaline | 1 June 2015 11:13:49 |
BiogenicReef | Biogenic reef | An elevated structure on the seabed built by calcareous or other concretion-forming organisms, or by chemical precipitation (Hiscock, 1996); for example by Modiolus modiolus or Sabellaria alveolata | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:08:16 |
Brackish | Brackish | Environment | 6 May 2015 14:31:02 | |
BrackishSalinity | Brackish | 0.5-<30 psu | Salinity | 1 June 2015 11:08:38 |
BurrowDweller | Burrow dweller | Occupies or shares space in burrow constructed by other organisms. | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:11:34 |
Cave | Cave | A hollow normally eroded in a cliff (or vertical rock) with the penetration being greater than the width of the entrance (Hiscock, 1996). | FeaturesOther | 17 July 2015 13:46:45 |
Circalittoral | Circalittoral | The subzone of the rocky sublittoral below that dominated by algae (the infralittoral), and dominated by animals. No lower limit is defined, but species composition changes below about 40m to 80m depth, depending on depth of the seasonal thermocline. This subzone can be subdivided into the upper circalittoral where foliose algae are present and the lower circalittoral where they are not (see Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to two étages of the sediment benthos below the infralittoral: a "coastal circalittoral category with a eurythermal environment of weak seasonal amplitude (less than 10°C) varying slowly" and a "circalittoral category of the open sea with a stenothermal environment" (Hiscock, 1996). | Sublittoral | 6 May 2015 14:31:55 |
CircalittoralOffshore | Circalittoral offshore | Typically occurs below 50-70 metres away from the influence of wave action. Aphotic with animal communities in stable or stenothermal and stenohaline conditions. Open sea (Connor et al., 1997). | Sublittoral | 28 May 2015 15:28:34 |
Clay | Clay | 1) Sediment particles less than 0.004 mm in size (Wentworth, 1922). 2) A soft very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles (Hiscock, 1996). | SedimentSoft | 1 June 2015 14:53:05 |
CoarseCleanSand | Coarse clean sand | 1) Particle size 0.5 - 4 mm (Hiscock, 1996) | Sand | 2 June 2015 10:59:36 |
CoarseSediments | Coarse sediments | Sediments composed of gravel and sand; inc. gravel, gravelly sand and sandy gravel (Long, 2006) | SedimentSoft | 1 June 2015 15:53:20 |
Cobbles | Cobbles | 64-256 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata that are predominantly cobbles. | HardMobile | 1 June 2015 16:39:14 |
CrevicesFissures | Crevices and fissures | A narrow crack in hard substratum where penetration is deeper than the width at the entrance; a crevice is <10 mm wide at the entrance, while a fissure is >10 mm (Hiscock ,1996) | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:42:48 |
Demersal | Demersal | Living at or near the bottom of a sea or lake but having the capacity for active swimming (from Lincoln et al., 1998). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:38:43 |
Depth | Depth | Maximum recorded depth below chart datum (expressed in metres). | Distribution Descriptors | 28 May 2015 14:09:35 |
DepthRange | Depth range | Maximum to minimum recorded depth (expressed as metres below chart datum). | Depth | 30 June 2015 13:53:45 |
DepthSubstratum | Depth in substratum | The depth within the substratum at which the organism is found (max recorded in metres). | Depth | 30 June 2015 13:56:29 |
Distribution Descriptors | Distribution Descriptors | Fields and traits that describe the distribution of the species. | Marine species traits | 27 July 2015 14:06:39 |
Elevation | Elevation | A measure of height above chart datum, recorded in metres | Distribution Descriptors | 30 June 2015 14:00:33 |
EnclosedCoast | Enclosed coast or embayment | A marine inlet or harbour fully enclosed from the open sea except at the entrance, not normally open to the sea at two ends. The connection with the open sea is normally less restricted than is the case with lagoons (Hiscock, 1996). | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:30:06 |
Endophytic | Endophytic | A plant living within another plant (Lincoln et al., 1998) | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:31:46 |
Endozoic | Endozoic | Living within the body of an animal (Lincoln et al., 1998). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:32:09 |
Environment | Environment | Broad descriptors of the major environmental regions | Distribution Descriptors | 28 May 2015 16:00:42 |
EnvironmentalPosition | Environmental position | Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water). | Habitat | 30 June 2015 14:14:51 |
Epibenthic | Epibenthic | Living on the surface of the seabed. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:27:21 |
Epifaunal | Epifaunal | An animal living on the surface of the substratum. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:28:39 |
Epifloral | Epifloral | A plant living on the surface of the substratum. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:29:06 |
Epilithic | Epilithic | Living on the surface of rock or other hard inorganic substrata | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:26:32 |
Epipelagic | Epipelagic (0-200 m) | The photic zone, includes the open ocean influenced by light. The lower boundary is dependent on the depth of light penetration and is generally regarded extend to ca 200 m in depth. | Pelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:09 |
Epipelic | Epipelic | An organism that moves over the surface of sediment or lives at the sediment / water interface. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:29:54 |
Epiphytic | Epiphytic | Living on the surface of a living plant but not parasitic upon it. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:30:18 |
Epizooic | Epizooic | Living on the exterior of a living animal but not parasitic upon it. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:30:57 |
Estuary | Estuary | Downstream part of a river where it widens to enter the sea; often with significant freshwater influence and predominantly comprising sediment habitats. | Physiography | 6 May 2015 14:40:39 |
Eulittoral | Littoral | 1) The region between the highest and lowest extent of the tide on the shore. 2) The shore zone between the lowest and highest seasonal water level in a lake (Lincoln et al., 1998) | Benthic | 15 July 2015 15:41:24 |
Exposed | Exposed | 1) Coasts which face the prevailing wind but which have a degree of shelter because of extensive shallow areas offshore, offshore obstructions, or a restricted (less than 90°) window to open water. These sites are not generally exposed to large waves or regular swell. 2) Open coasts facing away from prevailing winds but with a long fetch, and where strong winds are frequent. | WaveExposed | 6 May 2015 14:40:58 |
ExtremelyExposed | Extremely exposed | Open coastlines which face into the prevailing wind and receive both wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions such as islands or shallows for several thousand kilometres and where deep water is close to the shore (50 m depth contour within about 300 m). | WaveExposed | 1 June 2015 11:40:14 |
ExtremelySheltered | Extremely sheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch of no more than about 3 km. | WaveSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:44:54 |
FeaturesOther | Features or other substratum | Descriptors of types of unusual or unique types of substratum or habitat | SubstratumHabitat | 2 June 2015 13:12:53 |
FineCleanSand | Fine clean sand | Particle size 0.063 - 0.5 mm (Hiscock, 1996) | Sand | 2 June 2015 11:01:57 |
Freshwater | Freshwater | Environment | 6 May 2015 14:41:42 | |
FreshwaterSalinity | Freshwater | <0.5 psu | Salinity | 1 June 2015 11:14:32 |
GravelShingle | Gravel or shingle | 1) Particle size 4 -16 mm. 2) Clean stone or shell gravel including dead maerl (Hiscock, 1996) 3) >80% gravel (Long, 2006). | CoarseSediments | 2 June 2015 10:39:01 |
GravellyMud | Gravelly mud | Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006) | Mixed | 2 June 2015 11:48:57 |
GravellyMuddySand | Gravelly muddy sand | Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006) | Mixed | 2 June 2015 12:09:07 |
GravellySand | Gravelly sand | Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006) | CoarseSediments | 2 June 2015 09:51:03 |
Habitat | Habitat | Traits that describe an organisms preferred habitat and its position within that habitat. | Distribution Descriptors | 6 May 2015 15:08:12 |
HabitatPreferences | Habitat Preferences | Distribution Descriptors | 6 May 2015 15:08:20 | |
Hadobenthic | Hadobenthic (Hadal) | Occupying the ocean floor at depths exceeding ca 6000 m. Usually in trenches and canyons of the abyssal zone. (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 15:21:58 |
Hadopelagic | Hadopelagic (>6000 m) | Open waters of deep oceanic trenches, from ca 6000 m and below. | Pelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:39 |
Hard | Hard | Hard substratum e.g. bedrock, concrete, boulders,cobbles and pebbles | SubstratumHabitat | 25 June 2015 14:26:18 |
HardImmobile | Immobile hard | Immobile hard substratum e.g. solid rock, concrete but including soft rocks, such as chalk. | Hard | 25 June 2015 14:27:13 |
HardMobile | Mobile hard | Mobile hard substratum, e.g. cobbles, pebbles that are regularly moved by wave action. | Hard | 25 June 2015 14:27:50 |
HyperSaline | Hyper-saline | >40 psu | Salinity | 1 June 2015 11:15:15 |
Hyperbenthic | Hyperbenthic | Living above but close to the substratum (Lincoln et al., 1998). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:39:22 |
IceAssociated | Ice-Associated | Sea ice, icebergs and other ice-associated marine habitats. | VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 09:14:04 |
Infaunal | Infaunal | Benthic animals which live within the seabed. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:32:52 |
Infralittoral | Infralittoral | A subzone of the sublittoral in which upward-facing rocks are dominated by erect algae, typically kelps; it can be further subdivided into the upper and lower infralittoral (based on Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to areas (étages) with a eurythermal environment of great seasonal and also daily and tidal amplitude. 1) lower The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoralwhere grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae. 2) upper The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hardsubstrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | Sublittoral | 6 May 2015 14:46:11 |
Interstitial | Interstitial | Living within the system of cavities and channels formed by the spaces between grains in a sediment (interstitial space). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:36:19 |
Lagoon | Isolated saline water (lagoon) | Enclosed bodies of water, separated or partially separated from the sea by shingle, sand or sometimes rock and with a restricted exchange of water with the sea, yielding varying salinity regimes. | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:36:16 |
LargeBoulders | Large or very large boulders | >512 mm; likely to be stable (Hiscock, 1996). | HardImmobile | 1 June 2015 14:24:49 |
Lithotomous | Lithotomous | Stone-boring; an organism that burrows into rock. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:33:50 |
LowerCircalittoral | Lower circalittoral | Dominated by animals with no foliose algae but encrusting Rhodophycota patchy in grazed areas. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata below the maximum depth limit of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | Circalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:26:38 |
LowerInfralittoral | Lower infralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoral where grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | Infralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:23:32 |
LowerLittoral | Lower littoral | The lower part of the shore only exposed (emersed) at the lowest part of the tide. | Eulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:41:41 |
LowerLittoralFringe | Lower littoral fringe | The bottom of the littoral fringe. In the UK, characterized by he Pelvetia/Porphyra belt with patchy Verrucaria maura and Fucus spiralis (on sheltered shores). Verrucaria mucosa present above the main barnacle population. May also include salt marsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | Eulittoral | 28 May 2015 15:14:31 |
Macroalgae | Macroalgae | Macroalgal surfaces, such as kelps and fucoids. | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:43:26 |
Maerl | Maerl | Maerl beds formed by build up of maerl. | FeaturesOther | 6 May 2015 14:48:58 |
Marine | Marine | Environment | 6 May 2015 14:49:04 | |
MarineSalinity | Marine | 30-40 psu (equals MNCR Full) | Salinity | 1 June 2015 11:16:09 |
MediumCleanSand | Medium clean sand | Particle size 0.25-1mm (Hiscock, 1996) | Sand | 2 June 2015 11:00:41 |
Mesohaline | Mesohaline | 5-<18 psu (equals MNCR Low, <18 psu) | BrackishSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:07:37 |
Mesopelagic | Mesopelagic (200-1000 m) | The upper aphotic zone and extends to a depth of ca 1000 m. | Pelagic | 29 May 2015 15:27:34 |
MidEulittoral | Mid littoral | Barnacle - limpet dominated, sometimes mussels, with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Mastocarpus stellatus and Palmaria palmata patchy in lower part. Usually quite a wide belt (Hiscock, 1996). | Eulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:03 |
Mixed | Mixed | Mixtures of a variety of sediment types, composed of pebble / gravel / sand / mud. This category includes muddy gravels, muddy sandy gravels, gravelly muds, and muddy gravelly sands. | SedimentSoft | 2 June 2015 12:04:15 |
ModeratelyExposed | Moderately exposed | Generally coasts facing away from prevailing winds and without a long fetch but where strong winds can be frequent. | WaveExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:17 |
ModeratelyStrong | Moderately strong | 1 to 3 knots (0.5-1.5 m/sec.) | TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:29:30 |
Mud | Mud | 1) Particle size <0.063 mm (silt / clay fraction) (Hiscock, 1996) 2) >90% mud (Long, 2006) | MudSandyMud | 5 June 2015 16:11:24 |
MudSandyMud | Mud and sandy mud | Mud and sandy muds where mud is the major fraction (see Long, 2006) | SedimentSoft | 2 June 2015 13:54:40 |
MuddyGravel | Muddy gravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | Mixed | 2 June 2015 11:53:09 |
MuddySand | Muddy sand | Sand (50-90%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | MudSandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:53:27 |
MuddySandyGravel | Muddy sandy gravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud and sand (see Long, 2006) | Mixed | 2 June 2015 11:54:35 |
Nekton | Nektonic (nekton) | Active swimming organisms that live in the water column and are able to move independently of the water mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:55:33 |
Neritic | Neritic | Water column overlying the continental shelf; surface to ca 200m depth. | Province | 6 May 2015 14:52:11 |
Neustonic | Neustonic | Living on or under the surface film of open water. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:37:17 |
Oceanic | Oceanic | Open waters beyond the continental shelf. | Province | 6 May 2015 14:52:26 |
OffshoreSeabed | Offshore seabed | Seabed beyond three miles (5 km) from the shore. | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:36:51 |
Oligohaline | Oligohaline | 0.5-<5 psu (included under MNCR Low, <18 psu) | BrackishSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:09:29 |
OpenCoast | Open coast | Any part of the coast not within a marine inlet, strait or lagoon, including offshore rocks and small islands. This includes MNCR types; linear coast, islands / rocks and semi-enclosed coast. | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:39:18 |
OtherSpecies | Other species | The surface of other species, e.g. shells or carapace. | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:44:34 |
Overhangs | Overhang | An overhanging part of a rock formation. Typically the surface of the rock below the overhang receives some cover or shade from the overhang. | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:47:50 |
Pebbles | Pebbles | 16-64 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata which are predominantly pebbles. | HardMobile | 2 June 2015 09:01:59 |
Pelagic | Pelagic | Pertaining to the water column. Inhabiting the open sea, excluding the sea floor (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 09:01:39 |
Physiography | Physiography | Coastal geomorphology and physical features. | Habitat | 1 June 2015 12:07:34 |
Plankton | Planktonic (plankton) | Living in the fluid medium (water or air) but unable to maintain their position or distribution independently of the movement of the water/air mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:48:12 |
Pleustonic | Pleustonic | Living permanently at the water surface due to their own buoyancy, normally positioned partly in the water and partly in the air. | EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:37:51 |
Polyhaline | Polyhaline | 18-<30 psu (included under MNCR Reduced, 18-30 psu) | BrackishSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:12:25 |
Province | Province | Descriptors of the major 'regions' of the seas. | Distribution Descriptors | 28 May 2015 15:40:10 |
RiaVoe | Ria or voe | Drowned river valleys of south-west Britain (ria) and Shetland (voe). Often with a greater presence of rock and more marine in character than estuaries. | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:37:30 |
Rockpools | Rockpool | 1) A pool of water among rocks left behind by the ebbing tide. 2) a depression in the littoral zone of a rocky seashore where, at low tide, seawater is left behind (Hiscock, 1996). | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:53:46 |
Salinity | Salinity (regime) | The range of salinities in which the organism is recorded (scale taken from Reusser & Lee, 2011) | Habitat | 1 June 2015 12:09:24 |
Saltmarsh | Salt marsh | A flat, poorly drained coastal swamp inundated by most high tides (Lincoln et al., 1998). | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:57:44 |
Sand | Sand | 1) Particle size 0.063 -4 mm (Hiscock 1996) 2) >90% sand (Long, 2006) | SandMuddySand | 2 June 2015 10:58:06 |
SandMuddySand | Sand and muddy sand | Sands and sands with mud where sand is the major fraction (see Long 2006) | SedimentSoft | 2 June 2015 10:55:14 |
SandyGravel | Sandy gravel | 30 -80% gravel with sand (see Long, 2006). | CoarseSediments | 2 June 2015 10:47:56 |
SandyMud | Sandy mud | Mud (50-90%) with sand | MudSandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:53:43 |
SeaIce | Sea ice | The habitat provided by the surface of frozen sea water floating on the surface. Sea ice may form thin sheets, fast moving pieces, pack ice or large icebergs. | IceAssociated | 28 May 2015 15:47:22 |
SeaLoch | Sea loch (Scotland), sea lough (Ireland) | Glacially formed inlets (fjords, fjards) of western Scotland and Ireland; typically elongate and deepened by glacial action with little freshwater influence. Often with narrows and sills dividing the loch into a series of basins. | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:38:32 |
Seagrass | Seagrass | Habitat associated with seagrass bed communities. | FeaturesOther | 6 May 2015 14:57:38 |
SedimentSoft | Soft (sediment) | Particulate solid matter accumulated by natural processes (Hiscock, 1996) | SubstratumHabitat | 25 June 2015 13:29:43 |
Sheltered | Sheltered | Coasts with a restricted fetch and/or open water window. Coasts can face prevailing winds but with a short fetch (< 20 km) or extensive shallow area offshore, or may face away from prevailing winds. | WaveSheltered | 6 May 2015 14:57:53 |
SmallBoulders | Small boulders | 256 -512 mm; may be unstable. | HardImmobile | 1 June 2015 16:40:14 |
SplashZone | Splash zone | Region of the shore immediately above the highest levels of the water that is subject to wetting by splash from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Supralittoral | 15 July 2015 15:45:01 |
SprayZone | Spray Zone | Region of the shore immediately above the splash zone that is subject to wetting by the spray from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Supralittoral | 28 May 2015 14:17:49 |
StraitSound | Strait or sound | Channels between the mainland and an island or between two islands which are open at both ends to the open coast (it does not refer to similar features or narrows within marine inlets). | Physiography | 29 May 2015 16:39:52 |
Strandline | Strand-line | A line on the shore composing debris deposited by a receding tide; commonly used to denote the line of debris at the level of extreme high water (Lincoln et al., 1998). | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 14:00:17 |
Strong | Strong | 3 to 6 knots (1.5-3 m/sec.) | TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:29:53 |
Sublittoral | Sublittoral | 1) The zone exposed to air only at its upper limit by the lowest spring tides, although almost continuous wave action on extremely exposed coasts may extend the upper limit high into the intertidal region. The sublittoral extends from the upper limit of the large kelps and includes, for practical purposes in nearshore areas, all depths below the littoral. Various sub-zones are recognized (based on Hiscock, 1985). 2) The marine zone extending from the lowest limit of the intertidal to the outer edge of the continental slope (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 15:22:57 |
SublittoralFringe | Sublittoral fringe | The upper part of the sublittoral zone which is uncovered by the tide. On hard substrata, the zone is characterized by the kelps Laminaria digitata and Alaria esculenta. The lower limit of this zone is marked by the upper limit of the truly sublittoral kelp Laminaria hyperborea (based on Lewis, 1964; Hiscock, 1996). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 14:16:11 |
SubstratumHabitat | Substratum | Description of the substratum on or in which an organism is found or recorded. | Habitat | 2 June 2015 09:09:38 |
Supralittoral | Supralittoral | 1) The lower terrestrial zone, characteristically dominated by orange and white-to-grey lichens on hard substrata with scattered salt-tolerant higher plants and mosses (Hiscock, 1996). 2) The region of the shore directly above the highest water level and subject to wetting by spray or wave splash (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Benthic | 28 May 2015 14:17:00 |
Terrestrial | Terrestrial | Environment | 6 May 2015 15:01:37 | |
TidalStrength | Tidal streams and water flow (range) | The horizontal movement of water associated with the meteorological, oceanographical and topographical factors. High water flow rates result in areas where water is forced through or over restrictions for example narrows or around protruding offshore rocks. Tidal streams are associated with the rise and fall of the tide where as currents are defined as residual flow after the tidal element is removed (Hiscock, 1996). | Habitat | 1 June 2015 13:28:58 |
Tolerance | Tolerance | Based on AMBI | Habitat | 2 June 2015 14:12:30 |
TypeI | Type I | Species very sensitive to organic enrichment and present under unpolluted conditions (initial state). They include the specialist carnivores and some deposit-feeding tubicolous polychaetes. | Tolerance | 6 May 2015 15:01:58 |
TypeII | Type II | Species indifferent to enrichment, always present in low densities with non-significant variations with time (from initial state, to slight unbalance). These include suspension feeders, less selective carnivores and scavengers. | Tolerance | 6 May 2015 15:02:06 |
TypeIII | Type III | Species tolerant to excess organic matter enrichment. These species may occur under normal conditions, but their populations are stimulated by organic richment (slight unbalance situations). They are surface deposit-feeding species, as tubicolous spionids. | Tolerance | 6 May 2015 15:02:18 |
TypeIV | Type IV | Second-order opportunistic species (slight to pronounced unbalanced situations). Mainly small sized polychaetes: subsurface deposit-feeders, such as cirratulids. | Tolerance | 6 May 2015 15:02:26 |
TypeV | Type V | First-order opportunistic species (pronounced unbalanced situations). These are deposit- feeders, which proliferate in reduced sediments. | Tolerance | 6 May 2015 15:03:19 |
UltraSheltered | Ultra sheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch measured in tens or at most a few hundred metres. | WaveSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:45:38 |
UnderBoulders | Under boulders | Habitat associated with the underside of boulders. | FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 14:01:12 |
UnderIce | Under ice | The habitat formed by the underside of ice sheets at the interface of frozen ice and fluid seawater. | IceAssociated | 28 May 2015 15:46:03 |
UpperCircalittoral | Upper circalittoral | Dominated by animals with sparse foliose algae except where grazed. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata distinguished by the presence of scattered foliose algae amongst the dominating animals; its lower limit is the maximum limit of depth for foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | Circalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:27:07 |
UpperEulittoral | Upper littoral | Barnacles and limpets present in quantity with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum although often this belt has only sparse algal cover compared with the lower eulittoral (Hiscock, 1996). | Eulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:27 |
UpperInfralittoral | Upper infralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | Infralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:25:11 |
UpperLittoralFringe | Upper littoral fringe | Top of the littoral fringe, characterized by Verrucaria maura with Littorina saxatilis and Littorina neritoides often present. May include saltmarsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | Eulittoral | 28 May 2015 15:19:40 |
VerticalBiologicalZone | Vertical biological zone (or zonation) | A description of the vertical biological zone or zonation in which an organism resides. The zone is determined by depth, physical, chemical and biological factors. | Distribution Descriptors | 8 July 2015 08:49:52 |
VeryExposed | Very exposed | 1) Open coasts which face into prevailing winds and which receive wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions for several hundred kilometres, but where deep water is not close to the shore (50 m depth contour further than about 300 m). 2) Open coasts adjacent to extremely exposed sites but which face away from prevailing winds. | WaveExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:38 |
VerySheltered | Very sheltered | Coasts with a fetch less than about 3 km where they face prevailing winds or about 20 km where they face away from prevailing winds, or which have offshore obstructions such as reefs or a narrow (<30°) open water window. | WaveSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:46:09 |
VeryStrong | Very strong | >6 knots (>3 m/sec) | TidalStrength | 15 July 2015 15:45:57 |
VeryWeak | Very weak | Negligible | TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:31:29 |
WaveExposed | Wave exposed | Defined via traits - but included as some authors do not specify level of wave exposure. | WaveExposure | 1 June 2015 11:38:50 |
WaveExposure | Wave exposure | Traits that describe the range of exposure to wave action in which the organism is recorded. | Habitat | 1 June 2015 12:08:23 |
WaveSheltered | Wave sheltered | Defined via traits below - included as some authors do not specify | WaveExposure | 1 June 2015 11:44:27 |
Weak | Weak | <1 knot (<0.5 m/sec) | TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:32:04 |
Ecological_Descriptors
Ecological Descriptorswikipagename | Label | Definition | Is trait of | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki. |
---|---|---|---|---|
AccessoryFeedingStructures | Accessory feeding structures | Other structures such as palps, tentacles or a radiolar crown ("grooved palps"). There are forms of single pair of grooved palps nearly always attached dorsally or near the junction of the prostomium and peristomium, or multiple grooved palps sometimes forming a crown. Dorso lateral ciliated folds in the roof of the buccal cavity may be present in some polychaetes. | Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:45:52 |
Accretion | Accretion | An organism that constructs reefs or raised beds of accreted materials, e.g. bound sand in Sabellaria spp. | ReefBuilding | 14 May 2015 16:31:09 |
AerialDipping | Aerial dipping | Dipping | 15 July 2015 15:46:43 | |
AerialHawking | Aerial hawking | Hawking | 15 July 2015 15:50:21 | |
Aggregations | Aggregations | An organism that constructs reefs and raised beds due to aggregation of large numbers of individuals via permanent or semi-permanent attachment e.g. mussels, oysters and Crepidula beds. | ReefBuilding | 14 May 2015 16:32:11 |
AlgalGravel | Algal gravel | Constructs deep beds of calcareous algal nodules, e.g. maerl beds | BedForming | 14 May 2015 16:27:34 |
Ambusher | Ambusher | Sedentary or sessile predators, that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures (e.g. sea anemones, large hydroids, spiders) | Predator | 28 May 2015 09:54:50 |
AmorphousCaCO3 | Amorphous CaCO3 | calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005) | CalcareousSkeleton | 23 February 2017 14:03:46 |
AnchorShaped | Anchor-shaped | E.g. Ceratium spp. | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:32:44 |
AppendagesPaddles | Appendages (paddles) | Swimming is effected one or more pairs of appendages (legs or paddles) e.g. the pleiopods of Isopod, Amphipod or Decapod crustaceans, or the legs of amphibious vertebrates. | Swimmer | 29 July 2015 12:09:07 |
Aragonite | Aragonite | a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells. | CalcareousSkeleton | 23 January 2017 12:27:43 |
ArborescentArbuscular | Arborescent/Arbuscular | Having the shape or characteristics of a tree. | Erect | 7 November 2014 16:52:20 |
AristolesLantern | Aristotle's lantern | Specialist - sea urchins | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 10:25:26 |
ArmsAppendages | Arms or appendages | Traits that describe specialized limbs or appendages used to catch or process food items. | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 10:30:14 |
Articulate | Articulate | Jointed, arthrous (Holmes, 1979). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:21:49 |
Autotroph | Autotroph | Self-feeding. An organism capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates (Lincoln et al., 1998). | FoodTypeDiet | 29 July 2015 11:29:51 |
BallooningKiting | Ballooning/Kiting | Use of a length of silk to be carried by the wind (e.g. spiders) | Drifter | 29 July 2015 11:46:51 |
Beak | Beak | e.g. birds / cephalopods | MouthParts | 7 November 2014 15:25:54 |
BedForming | Bed forming | An organism that lives in large aggregations or beds (e.g. brittlestars, mussels, oysters, Crepidula etc, sea squirts) | Biogenic | 14 May 2015 16:27:00 |
Biodiffusor | Biodiffusor | Organisms whose activities that cause constant and random local sediment biomixing over short distances resulting in transport of sediment particles, analogous to molecular or eddy diffusion (from Kristensen et al., 2012). Includes epifaunal biodiffusers e.g. fiddler crabs; surficial biodiffusers e.g. Echinocardium; and gallery biodiffusers e.g. Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor. | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 08:51:18 |
Biogenic | Bio-genic | Habitat features created by living things | HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:56:51 |
BitingMacerating | Biting or macerating | Mouth parts designed to grasp and macerate food before swallowing (e.g. most vertebrates) | MouthParts | 28 May 2015 11:31:36 |
BitingPiercing | Piercing or suctorial | Mouth parts designed to pierce outside of food or prey and feed on internal fluids or tissues | MouthParts | 28 May 2015 11:30:38 |
Bivalved | Bivalved | Characteristically a shell of two calcareous valves joined by a flexible ligament. | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:22:17 |
BlindEndedVentilation | Blind-ended ventilation | Organisms that live in 'I' or 'J' shaped burrows open at only one end where water is drawn through or diffuses out of the sediment e.g. Arenicola marina (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 09:04:02 |
BodyAccretion | Accretion | Build up or accumulation of sediment. | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:22:58 |
BodyAlgalGravel | Algal gravel | Maerl; twig-like unattached (free-living) calcareous red algae, often a mixture of species and including species which form a spiky cover on loose small stones - 'hedgehog stones'. | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:35:40 |
BodyForm | Body form | Traits relating to the form, shape and structure of the species | Ecological Descriptors | 29 July 2015 11:08:56 |
BodyShape | Body shape | Overall shape of the individual or colony (modular forms) | BodyForm | 29 July 2015 11:09:33 |
Browser | Browser | Feeding on parts of plants (e.g. shoots, leaves, twigs) or parts of other organisms (e.g. siphon nipping by fish). (Lincoln et al., 1998). | GrazerBrowser | 29 July 2015 11:13:59 |
BuccalOrgansAbsent | Buccal organ absent or occluded | The buccal cavity lacks obvious differentiation of the wall and it is not eversible. Some species if buccal cavity present at all, is only a transient larval structure and becomes completely occluded. | EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:31:17 |
BullateSaccate | Bullate/Saccate | Balloon or sac-like (Prescott, 1969). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:23:09 |
BurrowBuilder | Burrow builder | An organism that constructs permanent or semi-permanent burrows through physical excavation or chemical action. | HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:57:04 |
Burrower | Burrower | An organism that moves through the substratum by burrowing or tunneling (e.g. earthworms, polychaetes). | Mobile | 14 May 2015 15:42:08 |
Bysso-Pelagic | Bysso-pelagic | Use of a length of byssus thread (e.g. micro-molluscs, juvenile molluscs) or mucus (e.g Nemertesia planulae) to be carried by water flow | Drifter | 14 May 2015 15:48:11 |
Calcareous | Calcareous | An organism that constructs reefs or biogenic structures composed of the calcareous skeletons of individuals or colonies (e.g. corals) | ReefBuilding | 20 January 2017 14:17:40 |
CalcareousSkeleton | Calcareous | Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures | Solid NonSolidCement NonSolidParticlesComp | 10 March 2017 13:48:46 |
Calcite | Calcite | crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e. g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells and the skeletons of calcareous sponges. | CalcareousSkeleton | 23 January 2017 12:28:39 |
CapitateClubbed | Capitate/Clubbed | Enlarged or swollen at the apex, with a ‘head’, clubbed (Prescott, 1969). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:36:25 |
Captacula | Captacula | specialist - scaphopods | FeedingApparatus | 7 November 2014 15:20:38 |
Carnivore | Carnivore | An organism that feeds on animal tissue/meat. | Heterotroph | 7 December 2015 15:29:25 |
CephalicSpines | Cephalic spines | specialist - chaetognaths | FeedingApparatus | 15 July 2015 16:02:51 |
Chains | Chains | Forming chains of individuals | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:23:51 |
Chemoautotroph | Chemoautotroph | An organism that obtains metabolic energy from oxidation of inorganic substrates such as sulphur, nitrogen or iron (e.g. some micro-organisms) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Autotroph | 22 May 2015 13:28:34 |
Chitinous | Chitinous | composed of chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. It is the chief polysaccharide in fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of arthropods (derived form Lawrence, 2005). | Solid | 14 March 2017 08:07:51 |
Choanocytes | Choanocytes | Special feeding cell of sponges | FeedingApparatus | 7 November 2014 14:38:34 |
CiliaFlagella | Cilia/Flagella | Swimming is effected by beating of cilia and or flagella; includes the fused cilia of Ctenophores. | Swimmer | 29 July 2015 12:09:38 |
Clathrate | Clathrate | Latticed (Holmes, 1979). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:24:01 |
Clawed | Clawed | e.g. Mammals | GraspingPaws | 7 November 2014 15:04:04 |
Colonial (e.g. sea birds) | Colonial (e.g. sea birds) | Organisms that come together in large colonies (100 plus individuals) - often in the same area from season to season - usually for breeding purposes | Gregarious | 20 May 2015 16:15:20 |
Commensal (with/on/in) | Commensal (with/on/in) | Symbiosis (q.v.) in which one species derives benefit from a common food supply, whilst the other species is not adversely affected (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Symbiotic | 20 May 2015 16:04:37 |
ConeHalfSphere | Cone with half sphere | Cone with a half sphere (Olenina et al., 2006). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:16:10 |
Conical | Cone (Conical) | Cone shaped e.g. limpet-shaped, patelliform (adapted from Stachowitsch, 1992). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:44:43 |
ContactDipping | Contact dipping | Dipping | 15 July 2015 15:47:55 | |
CoralSands | Coral (or similar) sands | Deposition of sands formed by the breakdown to the skeletons of living organisms | BedForming | 14 May 2015 15:01:16 |
CrawlerWalkerClimber | Crawler/Walker/Climber | An organism that moves across, up or down the substratum via movements of its legs, appendages or muscles (e.g. Carcinus). | Mobile | 29 July 2015 11:45:16 |
Creeper | Creeper | An organism that moves slowly or 'creeps' across the surface of the substratum | Mobile | 14 May 2015 15:45:52 |
Cruising | Cruising | copepod / zooplankton specific?? | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 12:50:31 |
CrustoseHard | Crustose hard | Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that is solid or resistant to touch or pressure e.g. encrusting coralline algae or sea mats such as Umbonula littoralis. | Encrusting | 14 May 2015 11:34:23 |
CrustoseSoft | Crustose soft | Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that yields to the touch or pressure e.g. the gelatinous colonies of Botryllus schlosseri or soft cushions of sponges such as Halichondria sp. | Encrusting | 14 May 2015 11:35:09 |
Ctenidia | Ctenidia | e.g bivalve molluscs | Gills | 7 November 2014 14:54:55 |
Cushion | Cushion | A mass or pillow of soft material. | Encrusting | 7 November 2014 17:03:47 |
Cylindrical | Cylindrical | With straight sides and a circular section (Thompson, 1995). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:24:49 |
Dabbling | Dabbling | Seabirds/waders? | SearcherForager | 11 November 2014 10:19:47 |
DeOxygenationTolerance | De-Oxygenation Tolerance | Min Value | Ecophysiology | 7 November 2014 15:30:28 |
Dendroid | Dendroid | Branching irregularly – similar to that of a root system (Prescott, 1969). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:28:03 |
Dependancy | Dependency | Description of an organism's relationship with other organisms | ModeOfLife | 29 July 2015 11:38:38 |
DepositFeeder | Deposit Feeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within or on the substratum (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:20:57 |
Detritivore | Detritivore | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter (detritus) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Heterotroph | 22 May 2015 13:30:36 |
Diel | Diel | Daily, pertaining to a 24 hour period. | Migratory | 7 November 2014 16:10:06 |
Digitate | Digitate | Having parts arranged like fingers on a hand (Holmes, 1979). | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:28:44 |
Dipping | Dipping | seabird specific? | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:49:35 |
DippingToSurface | Dipping to surface | Dipping | 29 July 2015 11:26:01 | |
DispersalPotentialAdult | Dispersal potential (adult) | The distance over which the adult organism is able to roam, travel or disperse; the greatest potnetial or recorded distance. Does not acknowledge limitations due to geography, hydrography, or behavioural (territorial) constraints. | Movement | 29 July 2015 12:07:55 |
Diving | Diving | Seabird specific? | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:49:57 |
DoubleCone | Double cone | Double cone (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:17:04 |
DownwardConveyor | Downward conveyor | Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically heads-up at the surface, and that ingest particles at the surface and egest them as faeces at depth in the sediment (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 08:51:52 |
Drifter | Drifter | An organism whose movement is dependent on wind or water currents (e.g. Aurelia). | Mobile | 14 May 2015 15:46:22 |
DrivingFishForward | Driving Fish Forward | seabird, cetaceans? | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:50:23 |
Ecological Descriptors | Ecological Descriptors | Collection of traits relating to species ecology | Marine species traits | 26 September 2014 12:39:07 |
EcologicalInteraction | Ecological Interaction | Traits relating to how a species interacts with it's surrounding environment and other associated species. | Ecological Descriptors | 29 July 2015 11:55:41 |
Ecophysiology | Ecophysiology | Traits that describe an physiological and environmental tolerance of an organism | Ecological Descriptors | 28 May 2015 13:42:04 |
Ectoparasitic | Ectoparasitic | Parasitic on the outer surface of its host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | Parasite | 18 December 2019 14:17:38 |
Encrusting | Encrusting | Forms or resembles a crust over a substratum or other organisms | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:24:54 |
Endoparasitic | Endoparasitic | Parasitic within the tissues or organs of its host (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | Parasite | 18 December 2019 14:17:45 |
Endoskeleton | Endoskeleton | internal structure that supports the body of an organism | SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 10 March 2017 13:55:09 |
Erect | Erect | Main visible parts of organism stand upright and above the surface of the substratum. | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:36:40 |
EversiblePharynx | Eversible pharynx | Pharynx can be everted to engulf and/or seize food items | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 13:30:09 |
Exoskeleton | Exoskeleton (including shells) | A rigid external structure that supports and/or protects the body of an organism and that is mainly completely secreted by the epidermis (derived from Lawrence 2005). | SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 10 March 2017 13:56:15 |
ExternalTube | External Tube | A built-structure inhabited by an organism and essential to its survival, but not part of its body, composed of hardened (either rigid or flexible) secretions, with or without the addition of embedded particles, with those particles either selectively collected from the environment or passively becoming glued during formation (pers. comm. Read, G.). | SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 14 March 2017 08:01:54 |
FaunalBeds | Faunal beds | Dense aggregation of animals that visually dominate the seabed or shore such as brittlestars (e.g. Ophiothrix fragilis ) or mussels (e.g. Mytilus edulis). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:48:06 |
Feeding | Feeding | Traits related to how an organism feeds, the food type and feeding method exhibited by a species | Ecological Descriptors | 22 May 2015 13:25:32 |
FeedingApparatus | Feeding apparatus | Description of the apparatus (mechanism) used to collect/capture food | Feeding | 28 May 2015 10:26:38 |
FeedingMethodBehaviour | Feeding Method/Behaviour | A description of how the oganism gathers food, and from where | Feeding | 29 July 2015 11:20:27 |
FilerBasket | Filter basket | Specialist e.g. sea squirts | Gills | 28 May 2015 11:26:50 |
Filiform | Filiform | Slender and thread-like (Kozloff, 1996). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:11:24 |
Flabellate | Flabellate | Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:13:02 |
Flaccid | Flaccid | Soft, limp, flabby (Brusca, 1980). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:25:01 |
FlattenedEllipsoid | Flattened Ellipsoid | Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:39:28 |
Flexibility | Flexibility | An indication of how far an organism can bend/flex without breaking or suffering damage - High (>45°) / Low (10 – 45°) / None (<10°) | BodyForm | 29 July 2015 11:08:00 |
Floating | Floating | Seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:07:48 |
FlyerFlight | Flyer (Flight) | An organism able to propel itself though the air e.g. using wings, such as winged insects, birds | Mobile | 29 July 2015 11:44:30 |
Foliose | Foliose | Bearing leaves or leaf-like structures; having the appearance of a leaf. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:30:01 |
FollowingFishingBoats | Following Fishing Boats | Seabirds | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:08:42 |
FoodPiracy | Food Piracy | Stealing food from other birds in flight | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:50:33 |
FoodTypeDiet | Food Type/Diet | Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on | Feeding | 29 July 2015 11:29:34 |
FootPaddling | Foot Paddling | Seabirds/Wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:10:14 |
FootStirring | Foot Stirring | Seabirds/Wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:09:21 |
Forest | Forest | A dense stand of large plants in which the upper branches (trees) or laminae (macroalgae) overlap to form a canopy that shades the under story of flora and fauna. | Erect | 7 November 2014 16:53:08 |
ForestForming | Forest-forming | An organism that forms a large area of close individuals forming a canopy (e.g. trees, large kelps). | Biogenic | 14 May 2015 16:28:55 |
Fragile | Fragile | Likely to break, or crack as a result of physical impact; brittle or friable. | Fragility | 10 November 2014 10:20:43 |
Fragility | Fragility | A qualitative estimate of the susceptibility of a species to physical damage. | BodyForm | 29 July 2015 11:08:11 |
FreeLiving | Free living | Free living - little modification | HabitatModification | 15 April 2016 12:12:35 |
FunnelShaped | Funnel Shaped | Shaped like a funnel | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:31:50 |
GillRakers | Gill rakers | Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark | Gills | 28 May 2015 11:28:07 |
Gills | Gills | Where the respiratory organs also power and/or provide a feeding apparatus (muco-cilliary feeding) | FeedingApparatus | 7 November 2014 14:53:59 |
Glider | Glider | An organism that is able to glide through the air (e.g. using some form of membrane) but cannot propel itself through the air (e.g. flying fish) | Mobile | 14 May 2015 15:52:45 |
Globose | Globose | Approximately spherical, ovoid or globular (Brusca, 1980). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 10:50:04 |
Gorgonin | Gorgonin | fibrous protein in the mesoglea of sea fans (gorgonians) which forms the stiff skeleton of the colony. | Solid | 23 January 2017 12:26:55 |
Grasping | Grasping | Tentacles that grab and grasp food items | Tentacles | 7 November 2014 14:43:19 |
GraspingClaws | Grasping claws | Appendages bear grasping claws (chelae) - e.g. arthropods, crabs, scorpions | ArmsAppendages | 28 May 2015 10:30:41 |
GraspingPaws | Grasping paws, hands, feet | Vertebrate hands, feat, paws etc designed to grasp food items using claws, talons etc. | ArmsAppendages | 28 May 2015 10:31:47 |
Grazer | Grazer | Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln et al., 1998) | GrazerBrowser | 29 July 2015 11:15:34 |
GrazerBrowser | Grazer/Browser | Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony. | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:21:09 |
GrazerFrondsBlades | Grazer (fronds/blades) | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the surface of macroalgal fronds and blades (Hiscock et al., 1999). | Grazer | 29 July 2015 11:16:03 |
GrazerGrainsParticles | Grazer (grains / particles) | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from inorganic particles e.g. sand grains (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | Grazer | 29 July 2015 11:16:15 |
GrazerSurfaceSubstratum | Grazer (surface/substratum) | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the substratum (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | Grazer | 29 July 2015 11:16:28 |
Gregarious | Gregarious | Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding | Sociability | 20 May 2015 16:11:58 |
GroundForaging | Ground Foraging | seabirds? | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 12:59:28 |
GrowthForm | Growth form (or type) | Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms. | BodyForm | 29 July 2015 11:07:08 |
GrowthRate | Growth Rate | (expressed as µm, mm, cm per day/month/year) | Ecophysiology | 7 November 2014 15:28:58 |
HabitatModification | Habitat modification | A general term to describe how the organism lives in or interacts with its habitat (adapted from BIOTIC, Bolam et al., 2013). | EcologicalInteraction | 29 July 2015 11:56:31 |
HalfCone | Half cone | Half cone (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:17:47 |
HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid | Half cone with flattened ellipsoid | Half cone with flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:26:16 |
HalfParallelepiped | Half parallelepiped | Half parallelepiped (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:18:43 |
HalfSphereDome | Half sphere (dome) | Half sphere (dome) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:27:25 |
Hawking | Hawking | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:50:44 | |
HeightAboveSubstratum | Height (above substratum) | Height above the surface of the substratum of an individual or single modular colony. e.g a blade of seagrass, a seaweed thallus, projecting tube worm, upright sea pen etc. | BodyForm | 29 July 2015 11:08:29 |
Herbivore | Herbivore | An organism which only feeds on plants, including phytoplankton. | Heterotroph | 7 November 2014 16:30:39 |
Heterotroph | Heterotroph | An organism that obtains nourishment from exogenous (external) organic material (Lincoln et al., 1998). | FoodTypeDiet | 29 July 2015 11:30:00 |
HighMagnesiumCalcite | High Magnesium Calcite | Calcite where more then 8wt.% CaCO3 is substituted by MgCO3. | CalcareousSkeleton | 23 January 2017 12:20:38 |
Host | Host | An organism that provides food or shelter for another organisms, e.g. the inhabited symbiont. May be a definitive host infected by an adult stage or an intermediate host infected by life stages (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | Support | 20 May 2015 16:22:49 |
HoverDipping | Hover dipping | Dipping | 15 July 2015 15:48:16 | |
Hovering | Hovering | Bird/insect specific | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:51:06 |
Hydrostatic | Hydrostatic skeleton | Skeletal support provided by hydrostatic pressure from a fluid filled cavity (e.g. the coelum) surrounded by muscles. Hydrostatic pressure provides skeletal support in sea anemones, jellyfish, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, and other groups. | SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 23 January 2017 10:15:04 |
Independant (Free living) | Independant (free living) | Independant, individual organisms | Dependancy | 20 May 2015 15:40:41 |
InhalentSiphon | Inhalent siphon | Specialist - modified siphon to capture prey | FeedingApparatus | 15 July 2015 16:07:45 |
Inquilinist | Inquilinist | A symbiotic association in which one symbiont lives in close association with another, generally in the tube or burrow or actually within a body chamber of the host (Brusca, 1980). | Symbiotic | 20 May 2015 16:06:10 |
Intermediary | Intermediary | Liable to suffer minor damage, chips or cracks as result of physical impacts. | Fragility | 10 November 2014 10:21:25 |
Introvert | Introvert | specialist - sipunculans | FeedingApparatus | 7 November 2014 15:19:53 |
JetPropulsion | Jet propulsion | Swimming is effected by contraction of the body or body cavity to produce a 'jet' of water, e.g. medusae and cephalopods (from Barnes et al., 2006) | Swimmer | 29 July 2015 12:08:44 |
Jumper/Hopper | Jumper/Hopper | Organisms able to undertake a rapid jump or hop several times their own body length, using specialised limbs or appendages (e.g. sand hoppers, spring tails, grass hoppers etc) | Mobile | 7 November 2014 16:06:49 |
Keratinous | Keratinous | composed of keratin, a fibrous protein rich cysteine constituent of intermediate filaments (keratin filaments), chief material in horn, hair, nails and the upper layer of skin (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | Solid | 14 March 2017 08:08:34 |
Kleptoparasitism | Kleptoparasitism | In which the female of one species steals the food reserves or prey of a female of another species, to feed her own progeny (Lincoln et al., 1998) | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:21:35 |
Lanceolate | Lanceolate | Lance shaped and usually elongate (Brusca, 1980). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:51:21 |
LargeInsectColonies | Large (insect colonies) | Large colonies of indivduals cooperating for mutual benefit, made up of thousnads or more individuals, often with a dominant matriach, e.g. social incests , bees etc. | SocialGroup | 29 July 2015 11:34:28 |
Lophophore | Lophophore | Specialist - filter feeding organ e.g. brachiopods, phoronids, bryozoans | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 13:38:41 |
Lures | Lures | An organism that uses a lure to attract prey within range of its 'pounce' attack | Pouncing | 28 May 2015 09:59:55 |
Massive | Massive | Bulky (Homes, 1979). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:52:02 |
Mat | Mat | A dense mass which blankets the substratum. | Encrusting | 7 November 2014 17:04:26 |
Medusiform | Medusiform/Medusoid | Disk, bell or umbrella shaped and often gelatinous (Barnes et al., 1988). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 09:56:40 |
Migratory | Migration (migratory) | Periodic movement of organisms between alternative habitats e.g. between areas for reproduction and one or more areas of non-reproductive activity, or between areas of foraging and areas used for other activities. Most migrations occur at predictable intervals triggered by stimuli e.g. unfavourable conditions. NB: Movements that do not include an obligatory return journey are classified as dispersal (Baretta-Bekker et al., 1992). | Movement | 14 May 2015 16:15:38 |
MixedCalcareousMaterial | Mixed Calcareous Material | Skeleton composed of a mixture of any of aragonite, calcite, high magnesium calcite or amorphous CaCO3 | CalcareousSkeleton | 20 January 2017 14:20:57 |
Mixotroph | Mixotroph | An organism that exhibts both autotrophy and heterotrophy | FoodTypeDiet | 29 July 2015 11:30:11 |
Mobile | Mobile | Capable of movement | Mobility | 7 November 2014 15:58:50 |
Mobility | Mobility | Movement | 7 November 2014 15:59:42 | |
ModeOfLife | Mode of Life | Traits relating to the mode of life a species exhibits | Ecological Descriptors | 29 July 2015 11:38:08 |
Modular | Modular | Organisms that grow by the repeated iteration of parts, e.g. the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps of a coral or bryozoan. Modular organisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then become physiologically independent (Begon et al., 2005). | Growth Form | 14 May 2015 10:08:36 |
Monoraphidioid | Monoraphidioid | Resembling a crescent moon (see Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:20:47 |
MouthParts | Mouth parts | Traits that describes specialized mouth parts | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 11:29:53 |
Movement | Movement | Traits relating to the movement of the species | Ecological Descriptors | 12 January 2015 17:44:20 |
MucusMesh | Mucus mesh or net | Secretion of a simple or complex mucus mesh to filter food particles from water column (e.g polychaetes Chaetopterus and larvaceans. | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 11:33:07 |
Muscular Contraction (body length) | Muscular contraction (body length) | Swimming is effected by muscular contractions along the length of the body, which may be aided by body protrusions or structures (e.g. parapodia, fins). | Swimmer | 15 July 2015 16:09:35 |
MuscularAxialProboscis | Muscular axial proboscis | The proboscis has thickened, strongly muscular walls and can be retracted into a sheath. In other cases the pharynx is partially retracted and partially inverted. The mouth proper is located at the tip of the pharynx when fully everted. While some taxa have a jaw-less proboscis, others have jaws present as a bilaterally arranged pair, as one or two dorso-ventrally arranged pairs or as two pairs forming a cross. | EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:32:02 |
MutualistMutualism | Mutualist (mutualism) | A symbiosis in which both organisms benefit; frequently a relationship of complete dependence. (Lincoln et al., 1998) (cf.symbiosis, commensalism, parasite). | Symbiotic | 29 July 2015 11:36:22 |
NonMigratoryResident | Non-migratory (resident) | Remaining within the same area (from Lincoln et al.,1998). | Migratory | 29 July 2015 12:04:08 |
NonSolidCement | Non-solid; cement | component that keeps the agglutinated particles of the non-massive skeleton together. | Exoskeleton Endoskeleton ExternalTube | 23 January 2017 12:56:15 |
NonSolidParticlesComp | Non-solid; particles | small and individual structural elements that function as supporting structure/enclosure, e.g. spicules in sponges. | Exoskeleton Endoskeleton ExternalTube | 14 March 2017 07:57:26 |
NonTerritorial | Non-Territorial | Independent without a defined territory | Solitary | 29 July 2015 11:32:36 |
Nonfeeding | Non-Feeding | Non-feeding life stages (e.g. lecithotroph) | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:21:49 |
Omnivore | Omnivore | An organism which feeds on a mixed diet including plant and animal material (from Lincoln et al., 1998). | Heterotroph | 22 May 2015 13:31:20 |
OntogeneticMigration | Ontogenetic migration | Different life stages migrate into different habitats, or part of habitat (e.g. copepods) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Migratory | 29 July 2015 12:04:20 |
OpenEndedVentilation | Open-ended ventilation | Organisms that live in a 'U' or 'Y' shaped burrow where water is drawn through the burrow (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 09:05:54 |
OralPodia | Oral podia | Specialist - modified tube feet in holothurians | Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:49:22 |
Organic | Organic | (1) derived from, or showing the properties of a living organism; (2) containing carbon, applied to molecules. | NonSolidCement | 23 January 2017 12:37:41 |
Other | Other | Drifter | 14 May 2015 15:50:06 | |
OvalCylinder | Oval cylinder | An ellipsoid on an elliptic base (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:21:54 |
Palps | Palps | Specialist - Protobranch molluscs | Tentacles | 7 November 2014 14:50:22 |
Papillae | Papillae or tube feet | Appendages bear mucus laden papilae or tube feet (e.g. suspension feeding echinoderns, brittlestars, crinoids). | ArmsAppendages | 28 May 2015 11:24:02 |
ParallelepipedRhomboid | Parallelepiped (rhomboid) | In geometry, a parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure formed by six parallelograms (the term rhomboid is also sometimes used with this meaning) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:23:34 |
Parasite | Parasitic | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependent on, another organism (termed the host) for completion of its life cycle and which is detrimental to the host (see Lincoln et al., 1998) | Dependancy | 18 December 2019 14:18:13 |
ParasiticFeeding | Parasitic | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependant on another living organism, for completion of its life cycle, and which is detrimental to the host to a lesser or greater extent. | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:21:58 |
Parasitoid | Parasitoid | An organism intermediate between a parasite and a predator; e.g. hymenopterans where the larvae feed within the tissue of a living host, leading to the death of the host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:22:20 |
Passive | Passive | Catching food on a filter held into flowing water (e.g. hydroids, sea fans, sea pens), or collecting the 'rain' of detritus on sticky apparatus other than a filter (e.g. Cucumaria frondosa, proboscis of echinurans) (MarLIN; Hiscock et al. 1999). | SuspensionFeeder | 29 July 2015 11:24:03 |
PassiveDrifter | Passive drifter | Movement dependent on wind or water currents | Drifter | 29 July 2015 11:47:00 |
Pattering | Pattering | seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:05:28 |
Penicillate | Penicillate | Brush like (Prescott ,1969). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:01:21 |
Phagocytosis | Phagocytosis | Engulfing prey/food item in cytoplasm | FeedingApparatus | 7 November 2014 14:37:32 |
Phosphatic | Phosphatic | composed of phosphoric acid or phosphates. | Solid | 20 January 2017 15:49:41 |
Photoautotroph | Photoautotroph | An organism that obtains metabolic energy from light by a photochemical process such as photosynthesis (e.g. seaweeds, phytoplankton) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | Autotroph | 22 May 2015 13:29:07 |
PhotosyntheticPigment | Photosynthetic pigment(s) | Ecophysiology | 15 July 2015 16:10:20 | |
PickingfromWaterSurface | Picking from the water surface | Seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 15 July 2015 16:11:42 |
PiercingToxic | Piercing | Specialist - modified radula used to inject toxins, e.g. cone shells | Radulae | 28 May 2015 11:43:41 |
Pinnate | Pinnate | Branching like a feather – an elongate main axis with lateral branches or lobes (Prescott, 1969). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:02:05 |
PinnateBranching | Pinnate or branching | Branched tentacles, used as filtration mechanism | Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:50:17 |
Pisciform | Pisciform | Fish-like | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:02:55 |
PlungeDiving | Plunge Diving | Plunging | 7 November 2014 12:39:13 | |
Plunging | Plunging | Seabird specific? | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:51:16 |
Pouncing | Pouncing | An ambush predator that uses a sudden, rapid movement to 'pounce on, grab or swallow' its prey once the prey in within short range. | Ambusher | 28 May 2015 09:58:44 |
Predator | Predator (Hunter) | Predatory behaviour in which one animal species captures a member of another species (Lincoln et al., 1998). OR mobile animals that attack kill and consume individual prey items, usually one at a time. | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:22:44 |
Probing | Probing | seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:00:34 |
PursuitDiving | Pursuit Diving | Diving | 7 November 2014 12:26:04 | |
PursuitHunterCooperative | Pursuit hunter (co-operative) | An organism that hunts in a team, pack, pod, flock, swarm etc | Predator | 29 July 2015 11:49:11 |
PursuitHunterIndividual | Pursuit Hunter (individual) | An organism that chases after, catches and subdues mobile prey (e.g. predatory polychaetes, squid, fish, otter, seal, seabirds) | Predator | 29 July 2015 11:25:26 |
PursuitPlunging | Pursuit Plunging | Plunging | 7 November 2014 12:40:37 | |
Radial | Radial | Symmetrical about any plane passed perpendicular to the oral/aboral axis (Barnes et al., 1993). | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:30:52 |
Radulae | Radulae | Specialist - protrusile anterior region of digestive tract; refers to chitinized teeth along the radular membrane (Stachowitsch, 1992). | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 11:38:25 |
Rasping | Rasping | specialist - rasping radulla of grazing molluscs | Radulae | 7 November 2014 15:08:01 |
ReefBuilding | Reef-building | An organism that forms large areas of hard substratum for other organisms due to the scale of its aggregations (e.g. horse mussels), accretions (e.g. Sabellaria) or its skeleton (e.g. corals). | Biogenic | 14 May 2015 16:30:16 |
Regenerator | Regenerator | Organisms that excavate and maintain burrows in the sediment, which result in sediment transport from depth to the surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012. | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 08:55:05 |
Reticulate | Reticulate | In the form of a mesh or net (Prescott, 1969). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:04:30 |
Robust | Robust | Unlikely to be damaged as a result of physical impacts, e.g. hard or tough enough to withstand impact, or leathery or wiry enough to resist impact. | Fragility | 10 November 2014 10:22:06 |
RotationalEllipsoid | Rotational ellipsoid | Rotational ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:28:57 |
Saprophage | Saprophage | An organism that feeds on dead or decaying organic material (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | Heterotroph | 22 May 2015 13:32:16 |
Scavenger | Scavenger | An organism that feeds on carrion and organic refuse (e.g. crabs, whelks) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:23:12 |
SearcherForager | Searcher/Forager | Active foragers that seek out prey usually of lower mobility (than themselves) e.g. arthropods (crabs, spiders) gastropods, starfish | Predator | 28 May 2015 10:12:57 |
SeasonalEnvironment | Seasonal (environment) | A seasonal migration in order to remain within suitable environmental conditions. | Migratory | 29 July 2015 12:04:36 |
SeasonalFeeding | Seasonal (feeding) | A seasonal migration for the purpose of following food or moving to suitable feeding grounds | Migratory | 29 July 2015 12:04:51 |
SeasonalReproduction | Seasonal (reproduction) | A seasonal migration in order to reproduce. | Migratory | 29 July 2015 12:03:36 |
SedimentReworking | Sediment reworking | Description of how an organism modifies or changes the physico-chemical nature of the habitat itself, e.g sediment reworking, deposition of faeces, or burrowing | HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:58:24 |
Seizing | Seizing | Seabird specific - probably not - large predators that pounce and grab also | PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:51:27 |
Sessile | Sessile | Non-motile; permanently attached at the base (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Caryophyllia). | Mobility | 14 May 2015 16:06:42 |
Setose | Setose (Hairy) | Appendages (arms, specialisted mothparts) used to capture suspended particulates | ArmsAppendages | 7 November 2014 14:58:48 |
ShallowPlunging | Shallow plunging | Plunging | 15 July 2015 16:12:42 | |
Shrub | Shrub | Having a very short stem with branches near the ground (Thompson, 1995). | Erect | 7 November 2014 16:53:50 |
Siliceous | Siliceous | composed of silicon based spines, spicules or lattice, e.g. siliceous or glass sponges | Solid | 20 January 2017 15:41:47 |
SimpleAxialProboscis | Simple axial proboscis | A sac-like proboscis relying on fluid pressure from the coelom for eversion. There is no particular development of musculature or glands. The worms tend to have reduced septa in the anterior part of the body allowing the contruction of the posterior part of the body to exert considerable force on the proboscis because of the free movement of the coelomic contents. Muscles associated with a thickened first septum (gular membrane) and the proboscis are used for retraction. | EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:33:33 |
Skimming | Skimming | seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:04:30 |
SmallTribePridePackPod | Small (tribe/pride/pack/pod) | Small group of individuals that work together for mutual benefit, often held together by familial (matriarchal/patriarchal) bonds (e.g. a pack or wolves, a pod of dolphin, a pride of lions, a tribe of humans). | SocialGroup | 29 July 2015 11:34:39 |
Snatching | Snatching | Ambusher | 28 May 2015 10:04:40 | |
Sociability | Sociability | Traits that describe an organism's behavioural interactions with members of the same species. | ModeOfLife | 29 July 2015 11:38:49 |
SocialGroup | Social group | Cooperative groups of the same species - e.g. social insects, mammals | Sociability | 29 July 2015 11:34:17 |
Solid | Solid | massive structure, e.i. not consisting of loose agglutinated particles. | Exoskeleton Endoskeleton ExternalTube | 23 February 2017 12:44:51 |
Solitary | Solitary | Living alone, not gregarious (Thompson 1995). | Sociability | 7 November 2014 16:20:48 |
Sphere | Sphere (spherical) | A sphere or globe | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:32:07 |
Sponginous | Sponginous | composed of spongin, fibrous protein component of the horny sponges (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | Solid | 14 March 2017 08:09:22 |
Stacks | Stacks | Stacks of indivudal cells/frustules (e.g. in diatoms), like a pack of cards. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:06:51 |
Stellate | Stellate | Arranged like a star. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:07:37 |
StickyMucus | Sticky or mucus covered | Tentacles used to collect particluate food (e.g. polychaete deposit feeders) | Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:53:31 |
Stinging | Stinging | Tentacles that bear stinging cells to catch, subdue prey (e.g. Cnidaria) | Tentacles | 7 November 2014 14:46:24 |
Straplike | Straplike/Ribbonlike | In the form of a strap or ribbon. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:08:20 |
StunAttack | Stun attack | An organism that uses pulses of electricity or sound to stun prey (e.g. pistol shrimp) | Ambusher | 28 May 2015 10:06:03 |
Substratum | Substratum | An organism that provide substratum for specific other organisms, rarely found on other organisms, a ubiquitous relationship. | Support | 20 May 2015 16:23:45 |
SubsurfaceDepositFeeder | Sub-surface deposit feeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within the substratum (e.g. Echinocardium cordatum) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | DepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:41:26 |
SubsurfaceSeizing | Subsurface seizing | Seizing | 15 July 2015 16:13:17 | |
Suctorial | Suctorial (sucker bearing) | Appendages that bear suckers on muscular arms to hold and subdue prey (e.g cephalopods) | ArmsAppendages | 28 May 2015 11:24:53 |
Support | Support | An organism that provides 'support' for other organisms, either as a host for a symbiote or parasite, or as substratum for epibiota. | ModeOfLife | 29 July 2015 11:38:59 |
SupportingStructuresEnclosures | Supporting Structures and Enclosures | Hard framework, internal or external, which supports and protects softer parts of plant, animal or unicellular organism, and to which muscles usually attach in animals, includes skeletons (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | BodyForm | 23 February 2017 11:14:46 |
SurfaceDabbling | Surface dabbling | Dabbling | 15 July 2015 16:13:41 | |
SurfaceDepositFeeder | Surface deposit feeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter on the surface of the substratum (e.g. Corophium volutator) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | DepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:42:07 |
SurfaceDipping | Surface dipping | Dipping | 15 July 2015 15:49:04 | |
SurfaceDiving | Surface Diving | Diving | 7 November 2014 12:21:36 | |
SurfacePlunging | Surface plunging | Plunging | 15 July 2015 16:14:18 | |
SurfaceSeizing | Surface seizing | Seizing | 15 July 2015 16:14:44 | |
SuspensionFeeder | Suspension feeder | Organisms that strain food from the surrounding water. They can range in complexity from sponges and corals to baleen whales. They live on organisms or debris that drifts past them, or they seek out small floating or swimming organisms (Charton, 2001). | FeedingMethodBehaviour | 13 December 2016 15:02:13 |
Swimmer | Swimmer | An organism that moves through the water column via movements of its cilia, flagella, fins, legs or appendages, via undulatory movements of the body or via jet propulsion (e.g. Gadus, Loligo). | Mobile | 14 May 2015 15:55:24 |
Swimming | Swimming | Seabirds/wader | SearcherForager | 7 November 2014 13:11:25 |
SymbiontContribution | Symbiont contribution | Where some dietary component(s) are provided by symbiotic organisms (e.g. Anemonia with zooxanthellae). | Heterotroph | 29 July 2015 11:27:03 |
Symbiotic | Symbiotic | An association between two organisms. The term may bused to describe all associations between organisms of the same or different species. It is usually reserved for associations that are mutually beneficial (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | Dependancy | 20 May 2015 16:02:30 |
Tadpole | Tadpole | Having the body form of a tadpole i.e. consisting of a round head with a tail. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:08:59 |
Talons | Talons | e.g. birds | GraspingPaws | 7 November 2014 15:04:44 |
TempRange | Temperature range tolerated | Min/Max Value | Ecophysiology | 15 July 2015 16:15:39 |
TemporaryAttachment | Temporary attachment | An organism that can temporarily attach to a substratum but is able to release its attachment, and move across (or through) it (i.e. sedentary) (e.g. Actinia). | Mobile | 17 July 2015 14:08:32 |
Tentacles | Tentacles | A slender, flexible limb or appendage in an animal, especially around the mouth of an invertebrate, used for grasping or moving about, or bearing sense organs (OED). | FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 11:48:46 |
Territorial | Territorial | Independent but maintains a defined territory | Solitary | 20 May 2015 16:19:08 |
Trapezoid | Trapezoid/Trapezium | a convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is referred to as a trapezoid in American and Canadian English but as a trapezium in English | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:09:54 |
Traps | Traps | An organism that uses traps such as sticky threads or webbing (e.g. spiders) | Ambusher | 28 May 2015 10:00:54 |
TruncatedCone | Truncated cone | Cone with flattended top (Olenina et al., 2006) | BodyShape | 14 May 2015 11:24:43 |
Tubicolous | Tube dwelling (tubicolous) | An organism that lives in a tube of its own construction (e.g. mucus, bound sand grains, Calcium carbonate etc). | HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:58:35 |
Turbinate | Turbinate | Whorled (Brusca, 1980). | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:11:16 |
Turf | Turf | The lowest stratum of erect branching or filiform species. | Erect | 7 November 2014 16:54:26 |
UnderwaterSeizing | Underwater seizing | Seizing | 15 July 2015 16:16:11 | |
UnderwaterSwimming | Underwater swimming | Swimming | 15 July 2015 16:18:10 | |
Unitary | Unitary | Organisms that grow by a determinate pathway of development of a tightly canalized adult form, e.g. all arthropods and vertebrates (from Begon et al., 2005). | Growth Form | 14 May 2015 10:10:04 |
UpwardsConveyor | Upward conveyor | Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically head-down at depth in the sediment, and that transport particles from depth to the sediment surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | SedimentReworking | 28 May 2015 08:52:33 |
Variable | Variable | mixed and variable material | NonSolidParticlesComp | 23 February 2017 14:06:59 |
VentralBuccalOrgan | Ventral buccal organ | variable set of folds, musculature and glands, present on the ventral side of many polychaetes, is usually referred to as a ventral proboscis and is the most common form in Polychaetes. The ventral proboscis may be a simple eversible muscular pad, the outer end of these pharynges may be frilled and densely ciliated. Other species have the lateral walls of the proboscis folded and broadly connected ventrally to a deep buccal organ, others have a ventral proboscis also present. | EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:34:38 |
VentralMuscularProboscis | Ventral muscular proboscis | The ventral and lateral walls of the buccal region are muscular and the lining is sclerotized into a varying number of eversible jaw pieces. The jaws are separated into a pair of ventral mandibles and two or more pairs of lateral maxillae. | EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:32:47 |
Vermiform | Vermiform | Worm-like | BodyShape | 7 November 2014 17:25:46 |
VermiformAnnulated | Vermiform annulated | Worm like but lacking true segments although annuli may be present, e.g. roundworms (Nematoda) and ribbon worms (Nemertea). | Vermiform | 15 July 2015 16:18:40 |
VermiformSegmented | Vermiform segmented | Worm-like with the body divided into semi-independent, serially repeated units (Barnes et al., 1993) e.g. Annelida. | Vermiform | 15 July 2015 16:18:59 |
VermiformUnsegmented | Vermiform Unsegmented | Worm-like where the external surface is divided into a chain of rings or 'annuli' by furrows giving the appearance of segments (Barnes et al., 1993). | Vermiform | 14 May 2015 11:50:47 |
WadinginShallowWater | Wading in shallow water | SearcherForager | 15 July 2015 16:19:49 | |
Whiplike | Whiplike | In the form of a whip. | BodyShape | 10 November 2014 10:11:52 |
Species_Importance_To_Society
Species Importance To Societywikipagename | Label | Definition | Is trait of | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Absent | Absent | Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:25:24 |
Abundance | Abundance | Abundance and population trends of species populations have been recorded where this information was available. | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 12:07:34 |
AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals | Abundance and Distribution of marine mammals (M4) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 10:57:20 |
Adverse habitat modification | Adverse habitat modification | Where the species physically alters the nature of the strata/habitat. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:26:11 |
Alien | Alien | Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:55:39 |
Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles | Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles | Where the species alters the nature of chemical or water cycles. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:26:46 |
Alters trophic interactions | Alters trophic interactions | Where the species alters food web dynamics. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:27:40 |
Aquaculture: accidental | Aquaculture: accidental | Alien and potentially invasive species that have accidentally escaped from containment/ aquaculture facility into the wild. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:28:28 |
Aquaculture: deliberate | Traits:Pathways/vector | Alien and potentially invasive species that have been intentionally introduced for aquaculture. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:02:20 |
Aquatic transport | Aquatic transport | Where the species alters boat traffic or impedes ability of boats to navigate waterways. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:28:50 |
Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release | Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release | Where an introduction of a bio-control agent results in an unintentional introduction of an invasive species (which is carried directly on the bio-control agent itself or along with habitat material associated with the bio-control agent). | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:29:12 |
Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent | Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent | Where a species (i.e. a bio-control agent) introduced to control a pest, weed or invasive species becomes a problem itself. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:29:27 |
BirdsDirective | Birds Directive | Europe is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 09:26:15 |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex1 | Birds Directive Annex 1 | 194 species and sub-species are particularly threatened. Member States must designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for their survival and all migratory bird species. | BirdsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:19:31 |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex2 | Birds Directive Annex 2 | 82 bird species can be hunted. However, the hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most vulnerable: during their return migration to nesting areas, reproduction and the raising of their chicks. | BirdsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:21:19 |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex3 | Birds Directive Annex 3 | Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here. | BirdsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:22:35 |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex4 | Birds Directive Annex 4 | The directive provides for the sustainable management of hunting but Member States must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing of birds, especially the methods listed in this annex. | BirdsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:23:52 |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex5 | Birds Directive Annex 5 | The directive promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the Directive, which are listed in this annex. | BirdsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:25:07 |
Border Intercept | Border Intercept | Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:29:45 |
CITES | CITES | CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Appendices I, II and III to the Convention are lists of species afforded different levels or types of protection from over-exploitation. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 09:08:40 |
CITESAppendixI | CITES Appendix I | Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants (see Article II, paragraph 1 of the Convention). They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (see Article III), for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re-export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition. | CITES | 5 December 2019 08:08:16 |
CITESAppendixII | CITES Appendix II | Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. It also includes so-called "look-alike species", i.e. species whose specimens in trade look like those of species listed for conservation reasons (see Article II, paragraph 2 of the Convention). International trade in specimens of Appendix-II species may be authorized by the granting of an export permit or re-export certificate. No import permit is necessary for these species under CITES (although a permit is needed in some countries that have taken stricter measures than CITES requires). Permits or certificates should only be granted if the relevant authorities are satisfied that certain conditions are met, above all that trade will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. (See Article IV of the Convention) | CITES | 5 December 2019 08:09:31 |
CITESAppendixIII | CITES Appendix III | Appendix III is a list of species included at the request of a Party that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation (see Article II, paragraph 3, of the Convention). International trade in specimens of species listed in this Appendix is allowed only on presentation of the appropriate permits or certificates. (See Article V of the Convention) | CITES | 5 December 2019 08:10:32 |
Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals | Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals | Where a canal, by joining two bodies of water which were not originally naturally joined, becomes a conduit for invasive species migration to a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:30:00 |
ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay | Change in average trophic level of marine predators in the Bay of Biscay (FW4) | Common in OSPAR Region IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:52:48 |
ChangesInBiodiversityIndex | Changes in biodiversity index(s) (PH3) | Common in OSPAR Region III | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:45:39 |
ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio | Changes in plankton functional types (life form) index Ratio (PH1/FW5) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:16:13 |
Common | Common | A species with is abundant or present at moderate or relatively moderate densities. | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:31:01 |
Common to dominant | Common to dominant | A species which is found in relatively moderate to high densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:31:25 |
ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities | Condition of Benthic Habitat Communities (BH2) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:10:26 |
Consumes native species (predator or herbivore) | Consumes native species (predator or herbivore) | Where the species preys on native fauna or grazes on native flora. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:31:45 |
CriticallyEndangered | Critically Endangered (CR) | A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:25:47 |
Damage to marine structures or archaeology | Damage to marine structures or archaeology | Where the species degrades marine infrastructures or archaeological sites. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:32:08 |
DataDeficient | Data Deficient (DD) | A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:30:37 |
Debris: transport of species on human generated debris | Debris: transport of species on human generated debris | Where floating rafts of man-made materials become vectors for an invasive species. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:32:26 |
Detected in invasion pathway | Detected in invasion pathway | Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:32:46 |
Detected in the wild | Detected in the wild | Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:33:20 |
Dominant | Dominant | A species which is very abundant or present at high densities or relatively high densities. | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:38:57 |
Endangered | Endangered (EN) | A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:25:24 |
Eradicated | Eradicated | Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:39:14 |
Eradication unconfirmed | Eradication unconfirmed | Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:40:07 |
Established | Established | Species that have become established in their introduced range. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:40:28 |
Established and expanding | Established and expanding | Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:40:52 |
Established and stable | Established and stable | Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:41:10 |
ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | Extent of Physical Damage to Predominant and Special Habitats (BH3) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:14:03 |
Extinct | Extinct (EX) | A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:27:20 |
ExtinctInTheWild | Extinct in the Wild (EW) | A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:26:13 |
Extirpated | Extirpated | Species that were present but have been declared extinct. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:41:37 |
FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | FAO-ASFIS: Species for Fishery Statistics Purposes | The FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Branch (FIAS) collates world capture and aquaculture production statistics at either the species, genus, family or higher taxonomic levels in 2 346 statistical categories (2019 data release) referred to as species items. ASFIS list of species includes 12 771 species items selected according to their interest or relation to fisheries and aquaculture. For each species item stored in a record, codes (ISSCAAP group, taxonomic and 3-alpha) and taxonomic information (scientific name, author(s), family, and higher taxonomic classification) are provided. An English name is available for most of the records, and about one third of them have also a French and Spanish name. Information is also provided about the availability of fishery production statistics on the species item in the FAO databases. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 13:52:50 |
Fisheries: accidental as bait | Fisheries: accidental as bait | This is where an invasive species is used as a bait resulting in its introduction into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:42:11 |
Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | Where in the process of stocking a fishery an associated invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:43:04 |
Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | Where an invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region as a result of the movement of fishery related products or materials (ie: not the direct movement of fisheries stock). | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:43:20 |
Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | Where an invasive species is intentionally introduced into a new area/region for the purpose of stocking/replenishing/establishing a fishery industry based on the invasive species. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:43:41 |
Fluctuating | Fluctuating | A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:43:59 |
Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:44:13 |
GreySealPupProduction | Grey seal pup production (M5) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 11:00:23 |
HabitatsDirective | Habitats Directive | The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation in their own right. All in all, over 1.000 animal and plant species, as well as 200 habitat types, listed in the directive's annexes are protected in various ways. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 09:47:22 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | Habitats Directive Annex I | (needs a definition) | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:37:09 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | Habitats Directive Annex II | Annex II species (about 900): core areas of their habitat are designated as sites of Community importance (SCIs) and included in the Natura 2000 network. These sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species. | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:38:48 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | Habitats Directive Annex III | (needs a definition) | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:41:09 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | Habitats Directive Annex IV | Annex IV species (over 400, including many annex II species): a strict protection regime must be applied across their entire natural range within the EU, both within and outside Natura 2000 sites. | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:42:13 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | Habitats Directive Annex V | Annex V species (over 90): Member States must ensure that their exploitation and taking in the wild is compatible with maintaining them in a favourable conservation status. | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:44:47 |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | Habitats Directive Annex VI | (needs a definition) | HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:45:58 |
Human health | Human health | Where the species impacts human health. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:44:27 |
IUCNRedList | IUCN Red List | Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 08:47:56 |
Impact | Impact | Information on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 12:08:10 |
In captivity/cultivated | In captivity/cultivated | Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:44:43 |
Individual release: accidental release by individuals | Individual release: accidental release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is "accidentally" set free in the wild from aquaria sources leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:45:33 |
Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is intentionally planted or set free in the wild leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:45:52 |
Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | Where the species affects the behaviour of native species. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:46:06 |
Introduced Species Catalog | Introduced Species Catalog | Terms and definitions used in the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRIMS). | Species Importance To Society | 15 September 2015 15:10:25 |
Introduced country and/or sea area | Introduced country and/or sea area | Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species. | Location Type | 2 June 2015 17:07:54 |
Introduction unverified | Introduction unverified | Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed. | Occurrence | 15 September 2015 15:02:26 |
Invasive | Invasive | Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:46:43 |
Invasiveness | Invasiveness | Terms used to describe 'Invasiveness' of species. | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 13:35:12 |
Invasiveness Not specified | Invasiveness Not specified | A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:46:58 |
Invasiveness Uncertain | Invasiveness Uncertain | Species whose invasiveness is uncertain. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:47:17 |
LeastConcern | Least Concern (LC) | A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:23:23 |
Locally common | Locally common | A species which is observed to have a patchy distribution in terms of being common only at some locations. | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:47:36 |
Location Type | Location Type | Three location types have been recorded to describe the native range and known introduced range of the species | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 12:09:20 |
Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | Where the species reduces aquaculture harvest or commercial/recreational gain. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:47:51 |
Loss of public/tourist amenity | Loss of public/tourist amenity | Where the species degrades amenities associated with public/tourist sites. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:48:39 |
MSFDIndicators | MSFD Indicators | Species that comprise indicators or components of indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm), with emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. | Species Importance To Society | 15 April 2016 12:01:48 |
Management recorded | Management recorded | Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:48:57 |
MarineBirdAbundance | Marine bird abundance (B1) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 11:08:06 |
MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | Marine Bird Breeding Success / Failure (B3) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 11:10:23 |
MarineMammalBycatch | Marine mammal bycatch (M6) | Common in OSPAR Region II | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 11:03:32 |
Monoculture | Monoculture | A species which exists to the exclusion of all other species including dense mats or in 100% of survey counts. | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:49:10 |
Native | Native | Species that is native to the country or sea area. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:55:31 |
Native - Endemic | Native - Endemic | Species that is native and endemic to a country or sea area i.e. a species that is unique to a location or habitat. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:55:46 |
Native - Non-endemic | Native - Non-endemic | Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:55:52 |
Native country and/or native sea area | Native country and/or native sea area | Country or sea area which is the native range of the species. | Location Type | 2 June 2015 17:08:28 |
Natural dispersal | Natural dispersal | Where an invasive species migrates from a known introduced location to a new area/region using a natural mode/mechanism of dispersal; as the original location is part of its introduced range this pathway is included here. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:50:33 |
NearThreatened | Near Threatened (NT) | A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:23:57 |
Not invasive | Not invasive | Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:50:49 |
NotEvaluated | Not Evaluated (NE) | A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:29:08 |
OSPARCommonIndicators | OSPAR Biodiversity Common Indicators | The common indicators agreed by OSPAR for assessing the status of biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic cover marine mammals, seabirds, fish communities, seafloor habitats, pelagic habitats, non-indigenous species and food webs.
The biodiversity common indicators contributed assessments of the status biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic to the OSPAR Intermediate Assessment 2017. The assessments are published in the OSPAR Assessment Portal. The indicators are based on information from monitoring programmes described in the Coordinated Environment Monitoring Programme (CEMP). The programmes are described in the Appendices to the CEMP Agreement. Detailed descriptions, including method descriptions for the indicator calculations, are included in the CEMP Guideline Agreements. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 13:07:52 |
OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats | The OSPAR Biological Diversity and Ecosystems Strategy sets out that the OSPAR Commission will assess which species and habitats need to be protected. This OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats has been developed to fulfil this commitment. It is based upon nominations by Contracting Parties and observers to the Commission of species and habitats that they consider to be priorities for protection. | Species Importance To Society | 5 December 2019 09:05:54 |
OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | OSPAR Region I: Arctic Waters | Region I is the most northerly OSPAR region, characterised by its harsh climate and ice coverage although the ecosystems of this region are still rich. In spite of its low population density, human activities such as fishing and offshore petroleum production remain significant. | OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 4 December 2019 14:45:53 |
OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | OSPAR Region II: Greater North Sea | The Greater North Sea is one of the busiest maritime areas. Offshore activities related to the exploitation of oil and gas reserves, and maritime traffic are very important. Two of the world's largest ports are situated on the North Sea coast, and the coastal zone is used intensively for recreation. | OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 4 December 2019 14:47:18 |
OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | OSPAR Region III: Celtic Seas | The Celtic Seas region contains wide variations in coastal topography, from fjordic sea lochs, to sand dunes, bays, estuaries and numerous sandy beaches. The large range of habitats in the region supports a diverse fish fauna. Although traditional maritime activities, such as fishing, take place in the Celtic Seas, there is ongoing development of tourism. | OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 4 December 2019 14:49:34 |
OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | OSPAR Region IV: Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast | The bottom topography of Region IV and coastlines are highly diversified, including the continental shelf and slope and parts of the abyssal plain. Ecosystems in Region IV are very rich, support a rich fish fauna and have a particular importance for migratory birds. Main human activities in Region IV are fishing, maritime transport and tourism. | OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 4 December 2019 14:50:51 |
OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | OSPAR Region V: Wider Atlantic | Region V represents the deep waters of the North-East Atlantic extending across the abyssal plain and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and including many seamounts. There have been recent discoveries of a number of different fragile deep-sea habitats (such as hydrothermal vents, carbonate mounds, coral gardens and sponge communities). Human population in the region is restricted to the Azores Archipelago. The main human activities are fishing and maritime transport. | OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 4 December 2019 14:54:29 |
Occurrence | Occurrence | Terms used to describe 'Occurrence' of species. | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 13:37:34 |
Occurrence Not specified | Occurrence Not specified | Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:51:07 |
Of concern | Of concern | Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range. | Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 11:53:03 |
Origin | Origin | Terms used to describe the 'Origin' of species. | Introduced Species Catalog | 15 September 2015 14:53:03 |
Origin uncertain | Origin uncertain | Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:52:27 |
Origin unknown | Origin unknown | Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information. | Origin | 15 September 2015 14:52:11 |
Other impact - undefined or uncertain | Other impact - undefined or uncertain | Where the species has a known but undefined or uncertain impact. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:53:23 |
Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | Where the species dominates or outcompetes native species for resources and/or space. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:53:39 |
Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | Where the species is a pathogen/parasite of native species or carrier of a pathogen/parasite which infects/parasitizes native species. | Impact | 6 May 2015 11:54:00 |
Pathway/vector Other | Pathway/vector Other | In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:54:15 |
Pathway/vector Unknown | Pathway/vector Unknown | Unknown mechanisms of introduction were represented by a blank cell. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:54:36 |
Pathways/vector | Pathways/vector | One of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | Introduced Species Catalog | 6 May 2015 12:09:57 |
PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | Plankton biomass and/or abundance (PH2) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:43:08 |
Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | This refers to invasive plant species which are unintentionally introduced into a new area/region carried on or with the habitat material of some intentionally planted flora. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:54:51 |
Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | This refers to plant species which are planted intentionally for some purpose resulting in the introduction of an invasive plant into a new area/region (e.g. for erosion control). | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:55:50 |
Present/controlled | Present/controlled | Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:56:06 |
ProportionOfLargeFish | Proportion of large fish (Large Fish Index) (FC2) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:01:38 |
Rare | Rare | A species which is present at low or relatively low densities; used to describe single occurrences of the species where appropriate. | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:56:55 |
Rare to common | Rare to common | A species which is found in relatively low to moderate densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:57:13 |
Rare to dominant | Rare to dominant | A species which is fluctuates between relatively low to high densities (accounts for such phenomena as population explosions). | Abundance | 6 May 2015 11:57:37 |
Recorded in error | Recorded in error | Species that have reported or recorded in error. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:57:51 |
RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | Recovery in the population abundance of sensitive fish species (FC1) | Common in OSPAR Region II, III | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 11:14:41 |
Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | Where the movement of recreational equipment by humans results in the introduction of an invasive species into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:58:05 |
Reported | Reported | Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 11:59:04 |
Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | Where research activities result in the unintentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:59:18 |
Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | Where research activities result in the intentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:59:33 |
SealAbundanceAndDistribution | Seal Abundance and Distribution (M3) | Common in OSPAR Region II | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 10:52:33 |
Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the surface of a seaplane. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 11:59:49 |
Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the hull of a ship. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:00:05 |
Ships: accidental associated with cargo | Ships: accidental associated with cargo | This refers to invasive species which are associated with internal ship cargo. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:00:19 |
Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a fluid nature. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:00:36 |
Ships: accidental with solid ballast | Ships: accidental with solid ballast | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a solid nature. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:01:18 |
Ships: general | Ships: general | This accounts for an invasive species which has been vectored by a ship but the exact mechanism of action (ie: ballast, hull or cargo) has been unidentified in the literature. | Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:01:34 |
SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | Size composition in fish communities (FW3) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:50:34 |
Sometimes present | Sometimes present | Species that are reported as present but only 'sometimes'. | Occurrence | 6 May 2015 12:01:48 |
Source country and/or sea area | Source country and/or sea area | Country or sea area which is the known source area of the introduced species or population. The source area could be the native range of the species or a known introduced range. | Location Type | 2 June 2015 17:09:37 |
Species Importance To Society | Species' Importance to Society | Marine species traits | 6 May 2015 12:12:27 | |
TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | Trends in New Records of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) Introduced by Human Activities (NIS) | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:47:49 |
TypicalSpeciesComposition | Typical species composition (BH1) | Common in OSPAR Region IV | OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 12:06:34 |
Vulnerable | Vulnerable (VU) | A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. | IUCNRedList | 4 December 2019 14:24:52 |
Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | Where the species alters water levels or causes nuisance fouling on boats/water structures. | Impact | 6 May 2015 12:02:39 |
references
wikipagename | Reference |
---|---|
AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
AlternationOfGenerations | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
AmorphousCaCO3 | Neuendorf, K. K. E.; Mehl, J. P.; Jackson, J. A. (2005) Glossary of Geology (Fifth Edition). Alexandria, Virginia, USA; American Geological Institute. |
Amphiblastula | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Anisogamous | Bold, H.C., 1977. The Plant Kingdom (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
ApomicticParthenogenesis | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Aragonite | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
Arrhenotoky | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
AscidianTadpole | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
AsexualReproduction | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I., 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Auricularia | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
AutomicticParthenogenesis | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
BiogenicReef | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
Bipinnaria | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
BirdsDirective | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex1 | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex2 | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex3 | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex4 | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
BirdsDirectiveAnnex5 | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm |
Bivoltine | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Brachioloaria | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Budding | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
CITES | https://www.cites.org/ https://www.cites.org/eng/app/index.php |
CITESAppendixI | https://www.cites.org/eng/app/index.php |
CITESAppendixII | https://www.cites.org/eng/app/index.php |
CITESAppendixIII | https://www.cites.org/eng/app/index.php |
Calcite | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
Cave | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
ChangesInBiodiversityIndex | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Chitinous | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
CoarseCleanSand | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
CoarseSediments | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
Cobbles | Hiscock, K, Jackson, A. and Lear, D. (1999). Assessing seabed species and ecosystem sensitivities: existing approaches and development, October 1999 edition.Report to the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN).Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. |
Conaria | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Copepodid | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
CrevicesFissures | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
CriticallyEndangered | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
Cydippid | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Cyphonautes | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Cypris | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
DataDeficient | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
DepositFeeder | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Diplontic | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Doliolaria | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Echinopluteus | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Endangered | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
Ephyra | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Exoskeleton | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Extinct | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
ExtinctInTheWild | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en |
FineCleanSand | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
Fission | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
ForkLength | http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=fork+length&language=english&sc=is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_measurement |
GenerationTime | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Glochidium | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
GoettesLarva | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Gonochoristic | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
GravelShingle | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
GravellyMud | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
GravellyMuddySand | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
GravellySand | Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
GreySealPupProduction | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
HabitatsDirective | http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm |
Haplontic | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
HighMagnesiumCalcite | Smith, A. M., Key Jr., M.M, Gordon P.D. (2006) Skeletal mineralogy of bryozoans: Taxonomic and temporal patters. Earth-Science Reviews 78:287-306. |
IUCNRedList | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
Instar | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Isogamous | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Iteroparous | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Keratinous | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
Larva | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
LeastConcern | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
Lecithotrophic | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
LifeCycle | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
MarineBirdAbundance | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
MarineMammalBycatch | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
MediumCleanSand | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
Megalopa | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Metanauplius | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Mitraria | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Mixed | Folk R.L. (1954). The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature. The Journal of Geology, 344-359. Long D.,2006. BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
Monoecious | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Mud | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
MudSandyMud | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
MuddyGravel | Long D., 2006. BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
MuddySand | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
MuddySandyGravel | Long D., 2006. BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
MullersLarva | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Multivoltine | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Nauplius | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
NearThreatened | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
Nectochaeta | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Nekton | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
NotEvaluated | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
OSPARCommonIndicators | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | http://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/species-habitats/list-of-threatened-declining-species-habitats |
OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | https://www.ospar.org/convention/the-north-east-atlantic/i |
OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | https://www.ospar.org/convention/the-north-east-atlantic/ii |
OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | https://www.ospar.org/convention/the-north-east-atlantic/iii |
OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | https://www.ospar.org/convention/the-north-east-atlantic/iv |
OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | https://www.ospar.org/convention/the-north-east-atlantic/v |
Oogamous | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Ophiopluteus | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Organic | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
Ovoviviparous | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Parenchymella | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Pebbles | Hiscock, K, Jackson, A. and Lear, D. (1999). Assessing seabed species and ecosystem sensitivities: existing approaches and development, October 1999 edition.Report to the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. |
Pelagosphaera | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
PermanentHermaphrodite | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Pilidium | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Plankton | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Planktotrophic | Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P. & Olive P.J.W., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Planula | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
ProportionOfLargeFish | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Protandrous | Holmes, S., 1979. Henderson’s dictionary of biological terms. 9th ed. London: Hendersons. |
Protogynous | Holmes, S., 1979. Henderson’s dictionary of biological terms. 9th ed. London: Hendersons. |
Protonymphon | Ruppert, E.E. & Barnes, R.D., 1994. Invertebrate zoology (6th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Saunders College Publishing. |
Protozoea | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Rataria | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Rockpools | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
Saltmarsh | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Sand | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
SandMuddySand | Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
SandyGravel | Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf {{{reference}}} |
SandyMud | Long D., (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
SealAbundanceAndDistribution | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
SedimentSoft | Folk R.L. (1954). The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature. The Journal of Geology, 344-359. Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
Semelparous | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Semivoltine | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
SequentialHermaphrodite | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
SexualReproduction | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
SmallBoulders | Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] |
Sponginous | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
StandardLength | http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=standard+length&sc=is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_measurement |
Strandline | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
SubstratumHabitat | Folk R.L. (1954). The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature. The Journal of Geology, 344-359. Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: rationale and methods. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series.] Long D. (2006). BGS detailed explanation of seabed sediment modified Folk classification. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/BGS%20detailed%20explanation%20of%20seabed%20sediment%20modified%20folk%20classification.pdf |
SupportingStructuresEnclosures | Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_measurement |
TotalLength | http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=total+length&sc=is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_measurement |
TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
TypicalSpeciesComposition | https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/bdc/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment-1/biodiversity-common-indicators |
Univoltine | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
Vegetative | Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Veliger | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
Viviparous | Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P.J.W., Golding, D.W, and Spicer, J.I. 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G. & Clark, P., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. |
Vulnerable | IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. |
WidthOfDisc | http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=disk+width&language=english&sc=is |
Zoea | Stachowitsch, M., 1992. The invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
tree Supporting Structures and Enclosures
all
- [[SupportingStructuresEnclosures|Supporting Structures and Enclosures]]
- [[Endoskeleton|Endoskeleton]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Variable|Variable]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[Exoskeleton|Exoskeleton (including shells)]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Variable|Variable]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[ExternalTube|External Tube]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Variable|Variable]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[AmorphousCaCO3|Amorphous CaCO3]]
- [[Aragonite|Aragonite]]
- [[Calcite|Calcite]]
- [[HighMagnesiumCalcite|High Magnesium Calcite]]
- [[MixedCalcareousMaterial|Mixed Calcareous Material]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[Hydrostatic|Hydrostatic skeleton]]
- [[Endoskeleton|Endoskeleton]]
Partial External Tube
- [[ExternalTube|External Tube]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
Partial Exoskeleton
- [[Exoskeleton|Exoskeleton (including shells)]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
Partial Endoskeleton
- [[Endoskeleton|Endoskeleton]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Organic|Organic]]
- [[NonSolidParticlesComp|Non-solid; particles]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Solid|Solid]]
- [[CalcareousSkeleton|Calcareous]]
- [[Chitinous|Chitinous]]
- [[Gorgonin|Gorgonin]]
- [[Keratinous|Keratinous]]
- [[Phosphatic|Phosphatic]]
- [[Siliceous|Siliceous]]
- [[Sponginous|Sponginous]]
- [[NonSolidCement|Non-solid; cement]]