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• Detached shore parallel breakwaters
  ...r the construction of the coastal structures, but also for the maintenance and lifetime service as well as the rebuilding or dismantling of structures whe ...n. The higher the [[crest]] [[freeboard]], the higher the aesthetic impact and the lower the wave transmission to the shoreline is. The LCSs for shoreline
  6 KB (878 words) - 20:33, 4 July 2020
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...the living environment is given in the article '''[[Definitions of marine ecological terms]]'''. .../www.dhigroup.com/marine-water/ebook-shoreline-management-guidelines</ref> and from the USACE Coastal Engineering Manual <ref name=CEM> USACE, 2012. Coast
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Shoreline management
  ...gement are <ref name="Karsten">Mangor, K., Drønen, N. K., Kaergaard, K.H. and Kristensen, N.E. 2017. Shoreline management guidelines. DHI https://www.dhi ...development activities in the coastal area follow an overall land use plan and a general environmental policy
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...cations to coastal [[ecosystem]]s in relation to specific human activities and introduces the various threats resulting from poorly managed activities. ...stimated to be due for more than 80% to increasing sea surface temperature and sea level.
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...l effects and subsequent economic effects and losses from marine pollution and degradations in marine environments: Implications from the literature. Mari ...he extreme complexity of biogeochemical cycles, especially at the sea-land and sea-atmosphere interfaces.
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...coastal zones are a so-called 'scarce resource', with limited availability and competing uses. ...r negatively affects the value of the coastal zone. But what is that value and how can it be determined?
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Biotopes and classification systems
  ...s based on the concept of the '''[[biotope]]'''. They can be mapped easily and changes in time in their distribution can be recorded. ...logical zone, substratum, 'features' (e.g. crevices, overhangs, rockpools) and 'modifiers' (e.g. sand-scour, wave-surge, substratum mobility).
  17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...lutants, nutrients and tracers in mixed nearshore water''' can have direct and indirect consequences for the marine [[ecosystem]]s. ...tant]]s have been found along coastal regions far from the coastal source, and noticeable impacts have been detected even in deep sea regions.
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...fers to the carbon sequestered by the world’s ocean or coastal vegetated ecosystems. }} ..., R., Craft, C. and Widney, S.E. 2018. Coastal wetland loss, consequences, and challenges for restoration. Anthropocene Coasts 1: 1–15</ref>.
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Nutrient conversion in the marine environment
  ...ses involved in the conversion of the main nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon. ...<ref name=”Rendell1993”>Rendell, A. R., Ottley, C. J., Jickells, T. D. and Harrison, R. M. 1993. The atmospheric input of nitrogen species to the Nort
  26 KB (3,923 words) - 20:02, 4 August 2023
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...ent (EcoRA) of Marine activities'''. We first describe the general aspects and steps of the ERA process that most risk assessments are confronted with. Th ...osystem]] in the economic impacts assessment, extinction or total catch in ecological risk assessment.
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  ...core project of the International Geosphere and Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change ...ed decision making or, in other words, to protect coasts and coastal goods and services for future generations. The goal of LOICZ was:
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...common goal of encouraging the sustainable development of oceans, coasts, and islands. ==Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands==
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Convention on Biological Diversity
  ...uence of humans. It forms the web of life of which we are an integral part and upon which we so fully depend. ...characteristics). [[Biodiversity]] provides [[ecosystems|ecosystem]] goods and services that sustain our lives.
  7 KB (1,039 words) - 17:08, 27 February 2022
• The Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...ique and especially fragile ecosystems, being areas of great environmental and aesthetic value. ...habitats listed in the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Directive are coastal. Approximately a third of the Union's wetlands
  10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ..., C. 1993. Essential elements of integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21:81-108</ref>. ...he terrestrial and marine components of the target territory, in both time and space”<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:200
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• River basin management, ICZM and spatial planning
  ==Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Integrated Water Resources Management== ===The rise of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management===
  6 KB (906 words) - 13:43, 1 August 2019
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Integrated Water Resources Management
  ...elated physical and biological processes as they operate across the marine and coastal/terestrial boundaries is central to the development of sensitive ma ===The rise of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management===
  7 KB (991 words) - 12:30, 30 December 2020
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ...on= This Convention lays down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm ...political stakes, regulations about its use have been established for ages and the corpus of laws is now covering a lot of different topics.
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Estuary
  ..., water quality and morphology – for example: import of marine sediments and organisms, generation of a high turbidity zone, sedimentation/erosion of in ...presence of tides and a prominent system of channels and shoals (open bays and enclosed coastal seas such as the Bohai Sea or North Sea therefore do not q
  4 KB (540 words) - 13:40, 20 January 2024
• Harmful algal bloom
  ...uce biotoxins. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur in marine, estuarine, and fresh waters.<br> ...algal blooms: effects, environmental conditions, factors that promote HABs and management measures.
  23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
• Coupled hydrodynamic - water quality - ecological modelling
  ...the 'effect chain' approach for modelling marine and coastal water quality and ecology. ...re complete food chain model, including pelagic fish, demersal fish, birds and marine mammals.
  7 KB (1,046 words) - 17:21, 7 September 2020
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...rope with a dynamic maritime economy, responsive to sustainable principles and in harmony with the marine environment. ...place a heavy burden on the existing educational and training institutions and resources.
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Functional diversity in marine ecosystems
  ...., 24: 505-514</ref>.<br> Functional group: Groups of species with similar ecological roles/functions.}} Functional diversity refers to the variety of biological processes, functions or characteristics of a particular ecosystem in this case the [[
  11 KB (1,570 words) - 12:30, 4 March 2024
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  This article discusses global warming and the range of effects on marine systems. ...Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' European Science Foundation, Marine Board: Strasbourg, France.'
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...we need marine [[spatial planning]], how it can be defined appropriately, and what benefits it can offer. It also briefly discusses some international ex ...es including recreation, mineral extraction, and more recently wind energy and offshore marine aquaculture, have started to claim their own spaces in the
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
• Eutrophication in coastal environments
  |name=Job Dronkers and Justus van Beusekom|AuthorID=120| ...gative effects of eutrophication requires reduction of [[nutrient]] inputs and an ecosystem-based management strategy. The bio-geochemical cycles of nutri
  18 KB (2,538 words) - 12:37, 30 March 2022
• Mangroves
  ...roduction is given to management aspects, discussing threats, conservation and [[Ecosystem rehabilitation|rehabilitation]] of mangrove forests. ...ropical coasts, i.e. North and South America, Africa and Middle-East, Asia and Oceania (incl. Australia). <ref name="vliz">http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/man
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...stics, distribution, [[zonation]], succession, biota, threats, functioning and adaptations of the organisms that live in seagrass meadows. Seagrass communities are highly productive and dynamic [[ecosystems]]. Seagrasses are not true grasses but rooted vascular (flowering) plants o
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Sea ice ecosystem
  ...ckmann, G. S., Sea ice. An introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology. Blackwell Science, pp 1-21</ref>. ...nology, and methodology. Polar Biol 12:417-427</ref>. Land-fast ice forms and remains fast along the coast, attached to the shore or grounded to a shallo
  17 KB (2,538 words) - 23:36, 22 February 2024
• Ecological thresholds and regime shifts
  ==What are ecological thresholds?== ...heffer, 2009<ref name=S9>Scheffer, M. 2009. Critical transitions in nature and society. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA</ref>). Th
  13 KB (1,919 words) - 12:33, 2 March 2024
• The Ecosystem Approach
  ==Background and definition== ...goods and services provided to people by [[biodiversity]] and [[Ecosystem| ecosystems]] (Secretariat of the Convention for Biological Diversity, 2000). According
  20 KB (2,938 words) - 17:27, 15 February 2024
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...vention, detection and mitigation''' are listed in the [[:Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]. ...most coastal countries, through regulations and the organisation of alert and protection systems.
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangroves
  ...cal and subtropical coastline (McLeod & Salm, 2006<ref name="M">McLeod, E. and R.V. Salm. 2006. Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change. IUCN, ===[http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E00.htm '''Status and Trends''']===
  15 KB (2,216 words) - 16:51, 3 September 2020
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...tion]] is required to sustain fisheries in many intensively fished coastal ecosystems. ...gs1998">Jennings, S. and Kaiser, M. 1998. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Adv. Mar. Biol. 34: 201-352</ref>.
  33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
  ...rvation issues throughout Europe including Scandinavia, the Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean. ...Sand Dune Inventory of Europe, 2nd Edition''. National Coastal Consultants and EUCC - The Coastal Union, in association with the IGU Coastal Commission.</
  30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
• Thresholds and Marine Policies
  ==Thresholds and Marine Policies== ...ways that are unpredictable and that defy the best intentions of policies and policy makers.
  9 KB (1,369 words) - 15:54, 7 October 2021
• Kelp forests
  ...the articles [[Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services]] and [[Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae]]. ...erg, T., Krumhansl, K., Filbee-Dexter, K. and Pedersen, M. F. 2019. Status and trends for the world’s kelp forests, in World seas: An environmental eval
  8 KB (1,235 words) - 18:37, 18 February 2024
• Salt marshes
  ...bution, evolution, adaptations, [[zonation]], succession, biota, functions and threats of the organisms that live in saltmarshes. ...s]], dissolved [[nutrient]]s, [[plankton]] and small fishes are flushed in and out the saltmarshes.
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...and to define specific risk zones, the estimation of the expected damages and its spatial distribution is crucial in addition to the hazard analysis. Thi ...hes have been developed for hazard analysis, [[vulnerability]] assessment, and flood risk management. In order to apply some of these new methodologies, a
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• Ecosystem functioning
  ..., Montoya, J.M. and Woodward, G. 2009. Emerging horizons in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research. Trends Ecol. Evol., 24: 505-514</ref>; ...ning Natural Life Support Processes. Issues in Ecology 4. Published by the Ecological Society of America.</ref>.}}
  1 KB (215 words) - 12:30, 4 March 2024
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation
  ...s in Europe, such as kelp forests, support a high diversity of marine life and are threatened by human activity. Photo © BIOMAR]] ...their applications in conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366, 8-15
  9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
• Non-native species invasions
  ...e the structure and function of marine ecosystems by changing biodiversity and eliminating vital components of the [[food chain]]. ...genic species (Carlton, 1996 <ref>Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77(6): 1653-1655.</ref>)
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Principles of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats
  ...2004<ref>SER. 2004. The SER primer on ecological restoration. Society for Ecological Restoration, Science & Policy Working Group, Tucson, Arizona, USA</ref>). H ...jectives (Cooke, 2005<ref>Cooke, G.D. 2005. Ecosystem Rehabilitation. Lake and Reservoir Management 21(2): 218-221</ref>).}}
  23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
• Baltic Sea
  ===Definition and basic facts=== ...nd_cover_baltic_sea_region_balans__001.jpg|thumb|left |Figure 1:Baltic Sea and its Drainage area<ref>http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/land_cover_baltic_sea
  14 KB (2,085 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2020
• Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)
  ...as between air, land and sea; and integrates ecological, social, economic and institutional perspectives, recognizing their strong interdependences. ...dress these challenges. It considers the whole ecosystem, including humans and the environment, rather than managing one issue or resource in isolation [h
  2 KB (266 words) - 17:30, 15 February 2024
• Resilience and resistance
  ..., P.S. 2013. Resistance, Resilience and Restoration. Ecological Management and Restoration 14: 20-24</ref>). }} ...ton, DC, November 8-9, 2018, organized by the National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society</ref>);
  27 KB (3,924 words) - 20:34, 18 September 2023
• Rhode Island Salt Pond Special Area Management Plan – Case Study
  ...anagement in collaborating institutions <ref name="hen">Hennessey, Timothy and Mark T. Imperial, ''Rhode Island’s Salt Ponds: Using a Special Area Manag ...y susceptible to [[coastal erosion]] and storm damage during winter storms and summer hurricanes <ref name="hen"/>.
  13 KB (1,954 words) - 10:13, 25 July 2020
• Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary – Case Study
  ...regulatory agencies at state and federal levels with overlapping interests and jurisdictions can successfully coordinate their activities. ...d recreational fishers, recreational boaters and divers, maritime shipping and researchers.
  12 KB (1,771 words) - 10:09, 25 July 2020
• Cultural value variation
  ...zycki, 2007. “Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: Implications for the ecosystem ap .... dk </ref> Sociocultural valuation is distinct from economic importance and economic valuation.
  9 KB (1,311 words) - 21:21, 11 September 2020
• Biodiversity and Ecosystem function
  ...O. and Vogt, D. 1996. Biodiversity and the productivity and stability of ecosystems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11: 372-377</ref>). ...ystem function? Some problems in studies of relations between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Applied Soil Ecology 10: 191-199</ref>).
  24 KB (3,402 words) - 16:25, 1 November 2020
• Sampling
  ...d parameter. Sampling methods and procedures need to be carefully analysed and selected so as to take into account this high variability of most marine sy * Developing and effective and statistically powerful study design.
  10 KB (1,410 words) - 20:14, 31 August 2020
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...descendants of terrestrial plants that re-colonised the ocean between 100 and 65 million years ago. Seagrasses are monocotyledons that are not true grass ...Mediterranean, corresponding to 25% of the sea bottom at depths between 0 and 40 m.
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
• Meiofauna of Sandy Beaches
  ...y makers are not aware of its importance. Consequently, these environments and their resources are not protected sufficiently relative to their socio-econ ...sand grains (Figure 2). The interstitial system is also habitat for larvae and juveniles of certain macrofaunal species.
  22 KB (3,240 words) - 17:40, 30 December 2023
• Ecosystem function
  ...energy or materials in an ecosystem<ref>Naeem, S. 1998. Species redundancy and ecosystem reliability. Conserv. Biol., 12: 39-45</ref>; ...ion, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics 41: 393–408</ref>.
  5 KB (662 words) - 18:28, 8 December 2020
• A review of biodiversity-ecosystem function research
  ...an well-being <ref name = "Diaz"> Diaz, D., Fargione, J., Chapin, F.S. III and Tilman, D. (2006). Biodiversity loss threatens human well-being. ''PLOS Bio ..., although the pattern of response may vary depending on the [[ecosystem]] and species investigated.
  23 KB (3,263 words) - 12:54, 6 September 2020
• Biological Trait Analysis
  ...marine conservation and management. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366: 37-47</ref>). ...ecological theory: design of a research strategy for the Upper Rhone River and it's floodplain. Freshwater Biology 31: 253-263</ref>).
  5 KB (660 words) - 12:10, 2 March 2024
• Functional groups
  ...n et al., 1997; Hooper, 1998), the variety of interactions with ecological processes (Martinez, 1996), or the average difference among species in functionally r ...feedbacks on ecosystem structure and function (Steffen et al., 1996; Diaz and Cabido, 1997; Woodward et al., 1997; Grime et al., 2000).
  6 KB (793 words) - 21:50, 3 September 2020
• Functional traits
  ...R., Montoya, J.M. and Woodward, G. 2009. Emerging horizons in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research. Trends Ecol. Evol., 24: 505-514</ref>. }} ...e, or fuzzy coding) property of organisms, usually at the individual level and used comparatively across species<ref name=R/>.}}
  6 KB (868 words) - 16:42, 5 October 2021
• FerryBox - Continuous and automatic water quality observations along transects
  ...urthermore, the automatic systems on buoys etc. are affected by biofouling and the operational costs are high due to ship costs for servicing. ...antages: (1) the system is protected against harsh environment, e.g. waves and currents, (2) bio-fouling can be more easily prevented (inline sensors), (3
  15 KB (2,302 words) - 17:48, 29 June 2019
• Functional metabolites in phytoplankton
  ==Allelopathy and functional [[Marine Functional Metabolites|metabolites]] in phytoplankton== ...have been shown to affect growth and physiological performance of diatoms and other phytoplankton species.
  7 KB (948 words) - 23:14, 18 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, Spain
  ...ation]] issues throughout Europe including Scandinavia, the Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean. ...Sand Dune Inventory of Europe, 2nd Edition''. National Coastal Consultants and EUCC - The Coastal Union, in association with the IGU Coastal Commission.</
  29 KB (4,726 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2019
• Introduction to MarBEF research
  ...nto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref>. Many species of coastal plankton are active for a short time and remain in the sediments as resting stages, sometimes for very long periods.
  8 KB (1,124 words) - 21:10, 21 February 2024
• Microbial research
  [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=6 Bacteria] and Archaea account for billions of tonnes of carbon (estimates range from 3 to viruses, one million bacteria and about 1,000 small protozoans and algae (called “protists”).
  12 KB (1,732 words) - 18:35, 22 February 2021
• Chemical ecology
  ...estrial ecosystems. How bees pollinate flowers, how birds find their nests and human attractiveness to a partner are some of the many examples of interact ...cesses such as seasonal succession, [[niche]] structure, selective feeding and [[population]] dynamics.
  10 KB (1,425 words) - 16:17, 27 August 2023
• Disturbances, biodiversity changes and ecosystem stability
  ==Species abundance and ecosystem functioning== ...changing [[biodiversity]] clearly has consequences for the functioning of ecosystems, better understanding is needed of the relative importance of different kin
  12 KB (1,660 words) - 18:34, 16 December 2020
• Biodiversity changes and ecosystem functioning
  ...nto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref> ...ressure from human activities, mainly [[estuaries]], [[intertidal]] shores and [[coastal area|coastal waters]].
  9 KB (1,256 words) - 11:48, 2 March 2024
• MarBEF booklet summary
  ...nto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref> ...ablishing a [http://www.marbef.org European network on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning] (MarBEF) was to increase our understanding of large-
  11 KB (1,571 words) - 13:22, 21 February 2024
• Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta
  ...coastal lagoons is their high biodiversity with an important role of fish and invertebrate populations. Those last ones are an important economical suppo ...1998). These have been also places which have been transformed physically and nowadays thus represent enormous costs for the population in terms of the n
  24 KB (3,723 words) - 14:47, 3 August 2019
• Marine Protected Areas in Europe
  ...rocess of MPAs under the Birds and Habitats Directive is briefly described and the current status of marine Natura 2000 sites is outlined. ...cosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends. Chapter 18: Marine Fisheries Systems. Retrieved February, 2010 from
  20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
• Policy instruments for integrated coastal zone management
  ...politicians, technocrats and other managers need be aware of possibilities and limitations to governing coastal zones’ complexity. Most of the policy st ...use the SPICOSA’s System Approach Framework to model and predict inputs and outcomes of different kinds of policy instruments.
  24 KB (3,649 words) - 16:22, 2 September 2020
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management: analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad
  ...within the [[Coastal Management]] section and the subcategory [[Evaluation and assessment in Coastal Management]]. ...dy suggests possible solutions or gives recommendations for the integrated and sustainable management of this valuable eco-region.
  20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
• Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability
  ...R"/> depicting the distribution of the threatened and/or declining coastal and shelf habitats in Europe.]] ...51-100; yellow=11-50; green=6-10; blue=1-5. Please note that older records and those from southern Europe are probably missing.]]
  26 KB (3,875 words) - 18:26, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of dunes
  ==Processes and mechanisms driving natural dynamics & ecosystem development== ...he direction and magnitude, can play an important role in the mobilization and landward transport of sediment. The interactions between all of these forci
  15 KB (2,195 words) - 12:23, 8 October 2021
• Shore protection vegetation
  ..., that have a strong sand-binding capacity due to an extensive root system and that favor sand accumulation with their foliage. ...well described in the literature and may ignore some important less common and less-studied species.
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Ecosystem approach to marine resources (EAMR)
  ...beyond targeted species. Photograph: Akinori Takahashi, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK.]] ...010. Nations are further required to restore depleted fish stocks by 2015, and to establish representative networks of Marine Protected Areas by 2012.
  8 KB (1,122 words) - 15:53, 10 September 2020
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ==Processes and mechanisms driving natural dynamics and ecosystem development== ...T.; BLANCO-GARCIA, A.; YSEBAERT, T.J.; HERMAN, P.M.J. (2007). Spatial flow and sedimentation patterns within patches of epibenthic structures. ''Cont. She
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
  ==PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS DRIVING NATURAL DYNAMICS & ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT == .../>. In this section, the processes and mechanisms driving natural dynamics and ecosystem development of biogenic reefs are discussed for each group in tur
  69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
• The Ocean as a unique laboratory
  ...chemichal systems - carry the secrets to understanding how life originated and how it continuously changes. ...increased our understanding of how cellular components function, interact and are regulated.
  8 KB (1,265 words) - 12:12, 8 August 2019
• Ecological restoration of estuaries in North Western Europe
  This article is largely based on Ducrotoy, J-P. 2010. Ecological restoration of tidal estuaries in North Western ...as been a parallel decrease of fresh water tidal habitats for fish, birds, and the benthos on which they feed.
  36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
• Coastal lagoon
  ...least intermittently <ref name=K>Kjerfve, B. (Editor) 1994. Coastal Lagoon Processes. Elsevier Oceanographic Series 60</ref>. ...d of the melting of snowfields) with the marine processes (winds, currents and waves).
  7 KB (1,011 words) - 21:33, 27 February 2020
• Marine Biotechnology at Pan-European level
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] ...e of marine habitats from coastal lagoons, to inshore waters to shelf seas and the deep ocean.
  31 KB (4,415 words) - 10:05, 10 August 2019
• PEGASO project Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
  ...ic legislation (IOC-UNESCO, 2006). The purpose of using indicators in ICZM processes includes: # Monitoring key characteristics of coastal and marine ecosystems against desired conditions.
  10 KB (1,535 words) - 11:53, 7 September 2020
• European coastal and marine observatories (2020)
  ...with limitations in our understanding of the basic processes. Many natural processes are not reproducible in the laboratory; progress in basic understanding the ...the definitions of best practices for design, implementation, maintenance and distribution of data of coastal observing systems, as well as the definitio
  47 KB (6,585 words) - 12:44, 8 September 2020
• Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone
  ...ion in coastal cities is dealt with in a separate article [[Coastal cities and sea level rise]]. ...University Press.</ref>. We do not know how long this rise will continue and what sea level will eventually be reached. By then there will likely be are
  30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
• Compendium for Coast and Sea - creating a marine science-policy interface
  ...llaboration with experts from the research community, government, industry and civil society organisations. The first version of the Compendium was launch ...s (including international and European legislation) which apply to marine and maritime activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea. In line with the
  9 KB (1,243 words) - 17:23, 7 November 2019
• Coastal hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes and engineering
  ...ring (articles in blue). This content was initiated by the ENCORA themes 5 and 8. Please help us fill these gaps by expanding and claiming these missing topics.
  20 KB (2,422 words) - 12:26, 20 February 2024
• Marine Biotechnology in Hawaii
  ...nd development thanks to its abundant warm sunlight, pure deep ocean water and high biodiversity resources.<ref name="biodresourc">http://www.nutrex-hawai ...n within the executive power are involved on marine biotechnology research and application opportunities.
  26 KB (3,751 words) - 11:27, 9 August 2019
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  ...ection of the best combination of measures that can promote coastal safety and sustainability in a changing climate. ...esent and possible trends in risk, building awareness of potential impacts and their implications.
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Marine biological valuation
  ...er Wal, J. T., van Lancker, V., Verfaillie, E., Vincx, M., Weslawski, J.M. and Degraer, S. 2007a. A concept for biological valuation in the marine environ ...f>Daily, G. (Ed.). 1997. Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Island Press, Washington DC</ref>.
  21 KB (3,121 words) - 18:32, 3 March 2024
• Ecosystem services
  ...port (2005)<ref name=M> Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005): Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press </ref>. }} ...ntegrity and Ecosystem Service Indicators - A Theoretical Matrix Exercise. Ecological Indicators 28 (May):54–78</ref>.
  28 KB (4,079 words) - 22:20, 6 April 2024
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...ries within the section dealing with biodiversity of [[marine habitats and ecosystems]]. ...<ref>Luijendijk, A, Hagenaars, G., Ranasinghe, R., Baart, F., Donchyts, G. and Aarninkhof, S. 2018. The State of the World’s Beaches. Nature scientific
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 17:15, 26 December 2023
• European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy: Recommendations 2005 meeting
  ...of EU Nature Ministers in October 2005 (Recommendations on Climate Change and Biodiversity Conservation: Knowledge Needed to Support Development of Integ ...sity, many of the research priorities are equally relevant for terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. They are summarized below to provide a comprehensive
  8 KB (1,083 words) - 17:18, 1 August 2019
• Threats to cold water coral reefs, sand banks and seagrass habitats in the North Sea by climate change effects
  ...and biological systems, and there are preliminary indications that social and economic systems have been affected. ...ges in many ecosystems which would affect their function, [[biodiversity]] and productivity.
  14 KB (2,043 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2023
• Field Observation Techniques, State of the Art 2012
  ...remote sensing applications there is no direct contact between the sensors and the objects (or events) being observed. Remote sensing typically refers to ...esentation of observational data it can be useful to construct [[model]]s, and information systems to complement the observations.
  15 KB (2,177 words) - 13:39, 7 December 2023
• European Action Plan Theme Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation
  ...most coastal countries, through regulations and the organisation of alert and protection systems. ...rces and consequences of pollution and to create better warning procedures and reliable tools to mitigate the impacts of pollution.
  27 KB (4,006 words) - 18:23, 23 February 2019
• European Action Plan Theme Ecomorphology and habitat restoration
  ...hology and habitat restoration. It includes the overall the theme rational and objectives. The document also includes an identification of the identified .... It is however an ongoing task to combine the existing knowledge with new and especially to address the pace at which changes undergo
  10 KB (1,499 words) - 12:55, 2 March 2023
• Nature-based shore protection
  ...erate climate zones. Mangroves are dealt with in the article [[Mangroves]] and coral reefs in the article [[Coral reefs]]. ...Coastal Wiki articles are devoted to this topic, see [[Shore nourishment]] and further references therein.
  69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: concepts, approaches, tools and case studies
  ...ed Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)|coastal management]] and decision making processes. This article introduces the following topics: ...description of different approaches at the basis of evaluation strategies, and of
  23 KB (3,467 words) - 18:50, 21 February 2024
• EU Coastal Management Projects
  ...ng of mechanisms and processes determining water and energy cycles between and within the components of our climate system. ...s interactions between environmental [[conservation]], conflict management and sustainable development in coastal zones of Baltic Sea.
  4 KB (521 words) - 17:47, 8 July 2020

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