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• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ...nt in the profile. This is referred to as ''littoral transport processes'' and is the main subject of this article. However, transport of fine sediments w *The wave conditions at the site and the possible variations over the site plus the adjoining areas
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...a natural cause. The largest structural changes in hydrodynamic conditions and sediment supply are generally due to human interventions. ...from Mangor et al. 2017 <ref> Mangor, K., Drønen, N. K., Kaergaard, K.H. and Kristensen, N.E. 2017. Shoreline management guidelines. DHI https://www.dhi
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Coastline
  ...ition= The coastline is a line that is considered the boundary between sea and land. ...proxy of the shoreline position that designates the boundary between land and sea for use in shoreline management, see the article [[Shoreline]].
  6 KB (879 words) - 17:04, 26 August 2022
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...l effects and subsequent economic effects and losses from marine pollution and degradations in marine environments: Implications from the literature. Mari ...he extreme complexity of biogeochemical cycles, especially at the sea-land and sea-atmosphere interfaces.
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• How to apply models
  ...ent project. Further, examples are given of projects where proper analysis and modelling have formed the basis for successful coastal projects. ...escription in this article will concentrate on development of high quality and safe artificial beaches, as these are often one of the most important asset
  18 KB (2,697 words) - 11:29, 20 February 2024
• Greek case studies: Long term geomorphological changes in the coastal zone of the Thermaikos Gulf, Salonika Region, North Greece
  ...ocene transgression caused the inundation of the lower parts of the valley and gradually led to the present shoreline configuration. ...stal settlements existed in the region and have been affected in many ways and various degrees by the prolongation or the retreat of the coastline.
  12 KB (1,857 words) - 21:58, 28 June 2019
• French case studies: Upper tidal flat evolution in the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (NW France)
  ...racterized by the presence of extensive oyster beds developed in the lower and intermediate mud flat since the beginning of the XXth century. ...the sand flat is occupied by salt marshes spreading over a very large area and their progradation has been very important since 1950.
  10 KB (1,645 words) - 17:46, 1 July 2020
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...diversity’. Diversity usually implies a measure of both species number and ‘equitability’ (or ‘[[evenness]]’). Three types of indices can be .... 1a. Schematic visualization of the species richness, with respectively 5 and 10 species.]]
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Impacts originating from the tourism sector
  ...stablished, in terms of job creation, wages, corporate profits, tax income and the effect on the rest of town’s productive sectors. Similarly, it is als ...in the Valencia Region and 3 ports in northern Italy (provinces of Genova and Imperia) on the towns where they are located.
  24 KB (3,485 words) - 17:12, 10 July 2020
• Seawater density
  ...wledge of the seawater density is therefore prerequisite for understanding and modelling marine processes. ...mainly depends on [[salinity]] <math>S</math>, temperature <math>T</math> and pressure <math>p</math>. Pressure only plays a role at depths much greater
  9 KB (1,257 words) - 23:06, 22 February 2021
• Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
  ...rvation issues throughout Europe including Scandinavia, the Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean. ...Sand Dune Inventory of Europe, 2nd Edition''. National Coastal Consultants and EUCC - The Coastal Union, in association with the IGU Coastal Commission.</
  30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
• Acoustic kelp bed mapping in shallow rocky coasts - case study Helgoland (North Sea)
  ...hyperborea'' which grows to a length of approx. 1-2 m and provides shelter and substrate for many other species. Foto: C. Wanke, Biologische Anstalt Helgo ...and biomass of sublittoral seaweeds at Helgoland (North Sea) between 1970 and 2005. Submitted to Climate Research.
  12 KB (1,843 words) - 23:06, 16 October 2021
• Science-Policy Interaction
  ...tion is understood here as “the ways in which research impacts on policy and policy draws on research” ...ddresses in particular science-policy interaction related to environmental and societal issues.
  24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
• Non-native species invasions
  ...e the structure and function of marine ecosystems by changing biodiversity and eliminating vital components of the [[food chain]]. ...genic species (Carlton, 1996 <ref>Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77(6): 1653-1655.</ref>)
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Ecological and latitudinal aspects
  ...ceived tropics as ‘biologically accommodated’ systems that experienced stable conditions for a long time, while boreal communities as ‘physically contr .../ref> described a clear latitudinal cline for deep-sea isopods, gastropods and bivalves in North Atlantic.
  10 KB (1,466 words) - 12:30, 19 September 2020
• Tampa Bay Estuary Program
  ...partnerships, innovative agreements and approaches for habitat restoration and addressing [[nitrogen| atmospheric nitrogen]] deposition as a contributor t ...he state. As of 2008, more than 2.3 million people lived in the watershed, and that number is expected to grow by nearly 20 percent by the year 2015.
  10 KB (1,451 words) - 18:08, 2 January 2021
• Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae
  level and represents the most fundamental process for the support and maintenance wide and heterogeneous complex of organisms called algae.
  18 KB (2,692 words) - 22:17, 12 February 2024
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...descendants of terrestrial plants that re-colonised the ocean between 100 and 65 million years ago. Seagrasses are monocotyledons that are not true grass ...Mediterranean, corresponding to 25% of the sea bottom at depths between 0 and 40 m.
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
• Sand dune - Country Report, Denmark
  ...ation]] issues throughout Europe including Scandinavia, the Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean. ...Sand Dune Inventory of Europe, 2nd Edition''. National Coastal Consultants and EUCC - The Coastal Union, in association with the IGU Coastal Commission.</
  16 KB (2,565 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2019
• Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
  ...ionally united and productive. However, marine science is still developing and we still understand the ocean less than the terrestrial environment. For us ...nto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref>. Th
  15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
• Newly explored habitats
  == Shallow-water marine caves and the deep sea == Marine caves located in the [[littoral]] zone offer a permanently dark, stable, quiet environment with limited food resources. In fact, they resemble, at
  7 KB (1,070 words) - 20:40, 11 September 2020
• Shore protection vegetation
  ..., that have a strong sand-binding capacity due to an extensive root system and that favor sand accumulation with their foliage. ...well described in the literature and may ignore some important less common and less-studied species.
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
  ==PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS DRIVING NATURAL DYNAMICS & ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT == .../>. In this section, the processes and mechanisms driving natural dynamics and ecosystem development of biogenic reefs are discussed for each group in tur
  69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
• Flocculation cohesive sediments
  ...d transport]], [[Sediment deposition and erosion processes]] and [[Coastal and marine sediments]], are brought together here. ...ng process is enhanced by slimes (EPS) and mucus produced by micro-benthos and bacteria (that feed on decaying organic matter). Clays are therefore classi
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:17, 29 April 2024
• Coastal observation systems
  ...arine environment, e.g. to enable assessments of the environmental quality and long term changes. <br> .... A combination of different approaches enables coverage on different time and spatial scales. Several of these observational techniques will be presented
  39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
• Dune development
  ...ty (2008)<ref>Martínez, M.L. and Psuty, N.P. 2008. Coastal Dunes: Ecology and conservation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany</ref>.]] ...Europe]] gives a description of different dune zones; [[Dynamics, threats and management of dunes]] provides an introduction to dune management; vegetati
  21 KB (3,125 words) - 23:07, 24 February 2023
• Physical processes and morphology of synchronous estuaries
  ...e more recent, localised impacts from tectonic re-bound, urban development and engineering 'interventions‘. ...n these Figures to be consistent with the theories described in Sections 2 and 3.
  50 KB (7,345 words) - 17:09, 2 July 2020
• Shoreface profile
  ...nner continental shelf that is bounded landward by the mean low-water line and that extends seaward to where the influence of wave action on cross-shore s ...ace of rocky shores is described in the article [[Rocky shore morphology]] and the shoreface of mud coasts in the article [[Coastal mud belt]].
  59 KB (9,016 words) - 11:16, 19 April 2024
• Invading species in the Baltic Sea
  ...nto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref>. ...etails&id=126916 ''Neogobius melanostomus'']) from the [[Black Sea|Black]] and Caspian Seas is now playing the previously-vacant role of small, coastal pr
  4 KB (639 words) - 12:56, 21 February 2024
• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: introduction
  ...n making processes and help coastal zone managers to consider the requests and needs originating from the variety of functions in [[coastal zone]]s. ...ses which belong to different economic and social areas. As both resources and space in coastal zones are limited, conflicts are frequently generated betw
  15 KB (2,274 words) - 18:44, 21 February 2024
• Stability of rubble mound breakwaters and shore revetments
  ...the stability of shore protection structures under the influence of waves and currents can be found in the ''Rock Manual'' <ref name=Rock> CIRIA/CUR/CETM ...oduction to bed, bank and shore protection'' (Schiereck, 1993) and ''Dikes and revetments'' (Pilarczyk, 1998).
  53 KB (8,270 words) - 18:27, 26 March 2024
• EU legislation for coast and sea
  ...vention on Biological Diversity]], the [[Convention on Migratory Species]] and the [[Ramsar Convention for Wetlands]]. ...antic, the [[Black Sea Convention]] and the [[HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) and Helsinki Convention|Helsinki Convention]] for the Baltic Sea.
  21 KB (3,017 words) - 20:10, 8 October 2021
• Definitions of marine ecological terms
  ...05.pdf </ref>) and Blackart et al. (2006<ref>Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G. and Shimada, A. M. 2006. NOAA Fisheries Glossary. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMF ...an be found in the Wikipedia, although not always for the specific coastal and marine context.
  39 KB (5,335 words) - 13:31, 6 March 2022