Difference between revisions of "Endosulfan"
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Endosulphan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic | Endosulphan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic | ||
and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland. | and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland. | ||
| − | Endosuphan enters rivers by run- | + | Endosuphan enters rivers by run-off from treated areas. The rivers transport it to the sea. It can also enter the ocean through atmospheric transport<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulphan]</ref>. |
| − | Endosulphan is moderately persistent in water. It's main metabolite is endosulphan sulphate which is more stable and equally toxic. In the soil endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are highly persistent substances with a [[half-life]] for endosulphan sulphate of 120 days. | + | Endosulphan is moderately [[persistent]] in water. It's main metabolite is endosulphan sulphate which is more stable and equally [[toxic]]. In the soil endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are highly persistent substances with a [[half-life]] for endosulphan sulphate of 120 days. |
Endosulphan is highly [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulative]] and is expected to [[biomagnification|biomaginfy]]. | Endosulphan is highly [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulative]] and is expected to [[biomagnification|biomaginfy]]. | ||
At constant exposure it is very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations of 1 mg/l are toxic for all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal. | At constant exposure it is very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations of 1 mg/l are toxic for all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal. | ||
Endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are potentially [[endocrine disrupting compounds]]: in vivo tests with [[pollution and pelagic fishes|fish]] show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behaviour. | Endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are potentially [[endocrine disrupting compounds]]: in vivo tests with [[pollution and pelagic fishes|fish]] show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behaviour. | ||
| − | Endosulphan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are | + | Endosulphan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are levels which can cause harm to organisms<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulphan]</ref>. |
<P> | <P> | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
Revision as of 08:11, 5 October 2009
Definition of endosulphan:
Endosulphan is a synthetic pesticide which belongs to the group of organochlorine compounds with a sulfite group[1].
This is the common definition for endosulphan, other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
| Endosulphan |
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| Formula |
| C9H6Cl6O3S |
Endosulphan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland. Endosuphan enters rivers by run-off from treated areas. The rivers transport it to the sea. It can also enter the ocean through atmospheric transport[1].
Endosulphan is moderately persistent in water. It's main metabolite is endosulphan sulphate which is more stable and equally toxic. In the soil endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are highly persistent substances with a half-life for endosulphan sulphate of 120 days. Endosulphan is highly bioaccumulative and is expected to biomaginfy. At constant exposure it is very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations of 1 mg/l are toxic for all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal. Endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are potentially endocrine disrupting compounds: in vivo tests with fish show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behaviour.
Endosulphan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are levels which can cause harm to organisms[1].
Environmental standards and legislation
Included in the OSPAR list of substances of priority action
Included in the water framework list of priority substances
See also
OSPAR background document on endosulphan
