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• Offshore zone
  {{Definition|title=Offshore zone ...f the [[surf zone]] or off the [[littoral zone]]. In the Coastal Wiki, the offshore zone is usually defined as the zone off the [[shoreface]]<ref name="Karsten
  566 bytes (82 words) - 12:01, 16 February 2024
• Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany
  ...ance, Sweden, United States, China, Spain and Germany have announced their offshore wind power development plans. The increase of wind energy contributes to cl ...ble energy system. It has regulated for the first time feed-in-tariffs for offshore wind farms in the German coastal zone and the [[exclusive economic zone]] (
  17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
• Socio-economic importance of Multi-use Offshore Platforms
  ===Offshore wind energy=== ...Association: [s.l.<nowiki>]</nowiki>. 22 pp.]</ref>. It is envisaged that offshore wind could meet 4% of the EU electricity demand by 2020 and 14% by 2030 <re
  3 KB (500 words) - 10:24, 10 August 2019

Page text matches

• Groynes
  ...son to impermeable or high groynes<ref>Pilarczyk K. & R.B. Zeidler.(1996): Offshore Breakwaters and Shore Evolution Control. "Balkema", the Netherlands pp560.<
  8 KB (1,248 words) - 17:16, 5 October 2021
• Port breakwaters and coastal erosion
  Pilarczyk K. and Zeidler R. ''Offshore breakwaters and shore evolution control''.Balkema Edition
  7 KB (1,098 words) - 16:44, 5 July 2020
• Characteristics of muddy coasts
  .... [[Silt]] and [[clay]] are not stable in the littoral zone and are washed offshore. If large amounts of fines are supplied, mud flats and mangrove areas may d
  9 KB (1,308 words) - 15:59, 15 May 2021
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...ters at the leeside. It can be linked to the shore or it can be positioned offshore. A common type is the '''detached breakwater'''. This is a structure approx ...Flood deltas and ebb-tidal deltas are generally present at the inshore and offshore sides (respectively) of [[#Tidal inlet|tidal inlets]] of [[#Estuary|estuari
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ==Onshore and Offshore Transport and Equilibrium Coastal Profile== Varying wave conditions result in varying onshore and offshore transports over the coastal profile. These transports are, to some extent,
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Natural causes of coastal erosion
  ...cell is a pocket beach enclosed between headlands, assuming absence of net offshore or onshore sand transport. The orientation of the beach can change in respo ...can be eroded by storm waves (see [[Dune erosion]]). In the absence of net offshore or onshore sand transport and in the absence of gradients in [[littoral dri
  14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  Besides, groynes generate or strengthen offshore-directed currents – so-called [[rip current]]s. These rip currents are da ...reater than at non-walled locations. Winter season waves dragged more sand offshore in front of walls but summer swell waves piled more sand up against walls i
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Detached breakwaters
  *Offshore breakwaters ===Offshore breakwaters===
  31 KB (4,715 words) - 23:55, 30 March 2024
• Shore nourishment
  ...astal zone. Placement in onshore nourishment sites makes use of pipes; for offshore sites, sand is dumped by split barges or by rainbowing (Fig. 1). For small ...ater adjusted using a bulldozer (Fig. 1). The sand source can be either an offshore supply via a cross-profile pipeline, floating or buried, or it can be suppl
  12 KB (1,875 words) - 15:32, 23 July 2023
• Perched beaches
  ...be a good solution for preserving beaches on urbanized rocky coasts where offshore sand resources are scarce. The perched beach is not an appropriate concept
  4 KB (628 words) - 18:42, 22 January 2024
• Beach drainage
  ...d backwash. The uprush moves sand onshore while the backwash transports it offshore, see [[Swash zone dynamics]].
  11 KB (1,646 words) - 10:15, 1 May 2023
• Waves
  ...wave energy resource assessment. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6–11 July 2008; ...M. 2017. Types of Ocean Surface Waves, Wave Classification. Encycl. Marit. Offshore Eng. 2017: 1–8</ref>:
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
• Wave transformation
  ...wave height at breaking. As a rule of thumb, the wave set-up is 20% of the offshore significant wave height. Gradients in wave set-up, e.g. in partly sheltered ...f an onshore phase with decelerating upwards flow (uprush or swash) and an offshore phase with accelerating downwards flow (downrush or backwash)
  6 KB (1,006 words) - 13:44, 22 February 2024
• Currents
  ...ip currents have their principal axes oriented perpendicular to the beach (offshore) while longshore currents act parallel to the beach. These currents are all ...re [[wave set-up]] gradient (representing [[radiation stress]] decay). The offshore discharge of water is compensated by the onshore directed mass transport an
  14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
• Breakwater
  ...ters at the leeside. It can be linked to the shore or it can be positioned offshore.}}
  693 bytes (101 words) - 13:18, 27 March 2021
• Closure depth
  ...uch as the beach adjacent to a long jetty, at which sediment may be jetted offshore by a-large [[rip current]] or an ebb [[tide|tidal]] shoal where the tidal c ...e, a shoal or buffer zone which is usually called lower shoreface and an [[offshore zone]] or shelf zone. This partition defines two closure depths, namely:
  23 KB (3,596 words) - 12:03, 24 April 2024
• Offshore zone
  {{Definition|title=Offshore zone ...f the [[surf zone]] or off the [[littoral zone]]. In the Coastal Wiki, the offshore zone is usually defined as the zone off the [[shoreface]]<ref name="Karsten
  566 bytes (82 words) - 12:01, 16 February 2024
• Rip current
  ...urrents are wave-generated currents that depart from the nearshore zone in offshore direction. }} '''a narrow offshore directed jet flow generated by a local imbalance between wave-induced [[rad
  8 KB (1,278 words) - 10:16, 3 July 2022
• Shoreface
  ...ar definition is: The shoreface is the zone seaward of the shoreline where offshore generated waves interact with the upward sloping seabed. The shoreface can
  1 KB (218 words) - 20:12, 30 March 2021
• Shoreline management
  ...der:2px solid lightblue;text-align: left"| Influences sediment movement on offshore zones, links nearshore processes with far field effects. ...xt-align: left"| Basic description of coastline; Physical significance (eg offshore banks dissipate wave energy, cliffs can provide a sediment supply etc.); Wi
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Storm surge
  ...in first approximation inversely proportional with the water depth in the offshore area off the [[shoreline]]. This means that shores out to deep oceans will
  879 bytes (132 words) - 18:16, 18 February 2019
• Foresight project, UK
  ...required to improve understanding of how climate change may influence the offshore wave regime in terms of magnitude, frequency and, importantly, direction. T
  3 KB (532 words) - 15:10, 22 July 2019
• FUTURECOAST project, UK
  ...bility, emergence of new controls, breakdown of older features, changes in offshore topography). It should be recognised that we are presently at a point in ti ...eased or decreased wave [[diffraction]] processes around headlands or over offshore banks);
  20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
• Groynes as shore protection
  ...Under all circumstances, the jets will cause loss of sand to deeper water. Offshore directed sediment forms lobate deposition zones downdrift of the tips of th ...current running along the lee side of the structure. This eddy adds to the offshore sand loss and local seabed erosion and it is also dangerous for swimmers du
  21 KB (3,352 words) - 17:17, 5 October 2021
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...the redistribution of contaminants through desorption from fine sediments. Offshore sand mining for beach nourishment and land reclamation and aggregate extrac
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...um.</ref>. Pollution accompanies most kinds of human activities, including offshore oil and gas production and marine oil transportation. Besides altering the ===Oil and gas and offshore installations===
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Tombolo
  ...diffraction and longshore drift to form a 'neck' connecting a coast to an offshore island or breakwater; or (2) A causeway-like [[accretion]] spit that connects an offshore rock or island to the main shore, or to another island.
  453 bytes (60 words) - 17:12, 7 September 2020
• How to apply models
  ...oviding basis for establishment of a baseline description of the following offshore conditions: ...means that only local adjustments will take place dependent of the varying offshore wave conditions.
  18 KB (2,697 words) - 11:29, 20 February 2024
• Process-based morphological models
  ...refore been chosen to construct a time series of wave parameters along the offshore boundary of the model area which consists of situations where the significa ...resented in Fig. 6. The upper figure shows a one-month long time series of offshore waves, height and direction. The middle figure shows the morphological evol
  8 KB (1,312 words) - 22:48, 28 June 2019
• DeCyDe for Sustainability Policy tool
  ...rotection, land reclamation, tourism and sand/gravel extraction, shipping, offshore activities, fisheries, pollution) has a severe impact on coastal communitie
  25 KB (3,543 words) - 21:40, 7 August 2021
• Biotopes and classification systems
  | rowspan="3"| meters to tens of meters (inshore -offshore direction) || 2) surf zone ||formation of shallow caves with floating algal | 4) offshore zone ||suitable for epi- and infauna, as well for macrophytes
  17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
• Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  ..., D. G., Inman, D. L. and Winant, C. D. 1979. Seasonal patterns of onshore/offshore sediment movement. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: 6347-6354</ref>) as
  25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...pes to the atmosphere. It appeared that CO₂ emissions following offshore outwelling largely exceeded long term sequestration in local soils during t
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Coastal mud belt
  ...p fine sediments settled to the shoreface bed and to carry these sediments offshore to deep water. This allows ongoing deposition of fine sediments in the beac ...ht. This stress acts on the fluid mud layer by pushing it onshore. Onshore-offshore asymmetry of the wave orbital motion due to nonlinearity of the interaction
  24 KB (3,842 words) - 18:14, 13 January 2024
• Waves and currents by X-band radar
  Many offshore operations are critically dependent on the prevailing sea state. To enhance ...rements by X-Band radar systems are a reliable data source for supporting offshore as well as harbour operations or ship routing services.
  12 KB (1,894 words) - 11:32, 25 January 2024
• Stability models
  ...next to the coastline (inner shelf) and a plane horizontal bottom further offshore (outer shelf) together with an alongshore coastal current.
  41 KB (6,565 words) - 16:15, 4 October 2021
• Dune erosion
  ...ing hydrodynamic conditions, will be reshaped during a severe storm surge. Offshore directed sediment transport will occur, including sand eroded from the dune ...b current from nearby inlets, part of the sand can even be transported far offshore<ref name=MH/>. The slope of the cross-shore profile gradually decreases, an
  42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
• North Sea pollution from shipping: legal framework
  Operators of offshore units under the jurisdiction of Parties are also required to have oil [[pol ...date). UK National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution from Shipping and Offshore Installations - [http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-environmental/mcga-dops_
  52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...ndwater discharge can take place not only near the shore but also at great offshore distances. The latter occurs when confined aquifers, underneath the contine ...culation of seawater at the fresh-salt water interface and the onshore and offshore discharge of groundwater. Assumed were a constant linear slope and a fully
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Definitions, processes and models in morphology
  COASTS AND OFFSHORE (Coastal and beach erosion, Beach restoration (sand, gravel), Beach nourish
  11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
• Coastal meteorology
  ...ogy is the study of meteorological phenomena within about 100 km inland or offshore of a coastline. Improved understanding of the processes in the meteorology ....e., the flow will not remain perpendicular to the pressure gradient). The offshore influence of mountain coasts is given by the Rossby radius of deformation,
  14 KB (2,127 words) - 15:18, 7 April 2022
• Greek case studies: Long term geomorphological changes in the coastal zone of the Thermaikos Gulf, Salonika Region, North Greece
  ...ecent). This suggests that the shoreline was initially inshore and shifted offshore due to debris deposition. The human impact was focused primary on the seafr
  12 KB (1,857 words) - 21:58, 28 June 2019
• EUROSION project
  ...e storms) or in the long term (at least 100 years). They can be identified offshore, in the coastal zone (both above and below low water) and in the hinterland
  3 KB (393 words) - 15:08, 28 June 2019
• Development of a geographical dictionary in the context of NOKIS
  ...names and administrative units are generated. Compared to the land, in the offshore area westward from the "Wadden" only a few toponyms might be found. For NOK
  29 KB (4,440 words) - 23:52, 28 July 2019
• The Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...the overlapping of physical geography and hydrography (inshore, shoreline, offshore), of jurisdictions, legal mandates and the remits of government agencies an
  10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  Shore parallel: [[Detached shore parallel breakwaters|Offshore breakwater]] ([[Artificial reefs|concrete, stone]], [[Sand-filled geosystem [[Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability|Natural offshore reef]] <br/>
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ..., the technological progress accomplished for fishing in deep sea, mining, offshore oil extraction and the ever-increasing risks of human activities for the na
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Floating breakwaters
  ...gu, 1987. Wave loads and motions of long structures in directional seas, J Offshore Mech Arct Eng 109, 126–132. *Isaacson M. and S. Sinha, 1986. Directional wave effects on large offshore structures, J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 112(4), 48
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Mediterranean Sea and Region, including Adriatic Sea
  ...lyfish near the shore, as freshwater currents no longer keep the jellyfish offshore. The predominance of jellyfish and [[algal bloom]]s in coastal waters and a ...he construction of coastal structures and defences and the construction of offshore structures.
  11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
• Acoustic point sensors (ASTM, UHCM, ADV)
  ...w with and without waves (Paper U). In: ''Sand transport and morphology of offshore sand mining pits'', edited by Van Rijn et al., ISBN90-800356-7-x. Aqua Publ
  12 KB (1,685 words) - 16:25, 8 September 2020
• French case studies: Dynamic of swash bar and hook spit formation in megatidal environment, Regneville Inlet (Normandy, France)
  ...ts various spit recurves. The ebb delta is large, extending more than 4 km offshore. Its northern part exhibits numerous swash bars but these are absent in its ...tin is a fine example of a megatidal environment (LEVOY et al., 2000). The offshore area is characterized by very complex hydrodynamic conditions. The tidal wa
  13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
• Greek case studies: Sediment dynamics in the nearshore zone of Gouves (Heraklio, Crete) in relation to erosion (unpublished data 2006)
  .... Current directions and speeds for each station G1 (inshore), G2, and G3 (offshore) during the study period. Values on the <math>x</math> axis refer to time i ...re), the ‘Etesian’ events during the summer months result in a further offshore transport of [[nearshore]] sediment. Although, in the absence of such stron
  7 KB (1,108 words) - 10:15, 2 July 2020
• Harmful algal bloom
  ...timing the harvest, by enhanced flushing and aeration or by relocation to offshore areas where excess N concentrations are less likely to build up;
  23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
• Decision support tools
  ...eview of support tools to assess multi-sector interactions in the emerging offshore Blue Economy. Environmental Science and Policy 133: 203–214</ref>
  12 KB (1,735 words) - 20:16, 18 September 2023
• Wavelet analysis of coastal processes
  ...nalyze large scale (of the order of 100 to 1000 kms) bathymetric evolution offshore the Hawaian islands; the wavelets the authors adopted for this analysis wer ...tions in the sandbank region; this region occurs between 100 and 400-500 m offshore. Within this region, the 128-256 m spatial scale contained most of the info
  20 KB (3,180 words) - 15:59, 6 October 2023
• Light fields and optics in coastal waters
  ...fication, ranging from scenescent phytoplankton cells to faecal pellets in offshore waters and including terrestrial vegetable matter in estuaries. There is al
  26 KB (3,866 words) - 20:41, 19 August 2020
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...eveloped with the aim of increasing understanding and raising awareness of offshore renewable energy issues in the outer Thames Estuary. The TEEP will challen
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Ballast water
  ...g in the deep sea at depths of more than 200 meters and 200 nautical miles offshore. Ballast water exchange methods can be divided into emptying, overflowing a
  23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
• Seawalls and revetments
  ...ll parts of a cross-shore profile participate in the coastal processes. By offshore directed cross-shore sediment transports, sediments from the higher parts o
  13 KB (2,089 words) - 20:07, 18 September 2023
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...ty|fisheries]], [[Eutrophication in coastal environments|eutrophication]], offshore industry, maritime traffic, industry and tourism. ...and nursery grounds that need protection, thus a considerable increase of offshore MPAs could be considered.
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...ncluding recreation, mineral extraction, and more recently wind energy and offshore marine aquaculture, have started to claim their own spaces in the marine en ...cean space or have adverse effects on each other (use-use conflicts, e.g., offshore oil exploitation and fisheries). But a much bigger concern, however, is the
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
• Mangroves
  ...reduction can be greater than 50% on average and increases with increasing offshore wave heights (Horstman et al., 2014<ref name=H14>Horstman, E.M., Dohmen-Jan .... The mangrove is a major producer of [[detritus]] that will contribute to offshore [[Biological productivity|productivity]] in some seasons (Coppejans <ref na
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Eutrophication related monitoring tasks and WFD for coastal waters in Greece
  .../ref>, based on nutrient data from several Greek marine areas, coastal and offshore waters influenced or not, by industrial and/or domestic effluents. For this
  26 KB (3,720 words) - 21:54, 1 August 2019
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  [[Image:technical_solution.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Figure 2: Offshore dredging]] ...he sand needed (~700,000 m³) for this operation was obtained by offshore dredging in a predefined zone.
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Barrier island
  # An offshore sand bar that rises above the mean high-water level, forming an island.
  546 bytes (83 words) - 20:44, 8 September 2020
• Deltas
  ...tidal deltas and ebb tidal deltas are generally present at the inshore and offshore sides (respectively) of [[#Tidal inlet|tidal inlets]] of [[#Estuary|estuari
  2 KB (260 words) - 23:05, 29 March 2021
• Plunging wave in slow motion
  ...plunging waves must bring ashore sufficient sediment to compensate for the offshore transport down the steep slope.
  5 KB (851 words) - 21:54, 29 February 2024
• HyMap: Hyperspectral seafloor mapping and direct bathymetry calculation in littoral zones
  Rottnest Island is a marine reserve which lies 20km offshore of Perth. It has a subtropical climate and due to the south flowing warm Le
  19 KB (2,865 words) - 13:10, 7 December 2023
• Barcelona Convention
  ...s in case of pollution by ships, and emergency measures on board ships, in offshore installations and in ports.
  6 KB (857 words) - 17:13, 22 September 2020
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...ophication is more restricted and limited to specific coastal and adjacent offshore areas, especially in the Adriatic, Gulf of Lion and northern Aegean Sea. Th
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• Mariculture
  For offshore mariculture, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an important tool for plannin ...cages are located in protected, shallow areas with less water circulation. Offshore cages are located in deep water and open areas with less protection from st
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
• Current status of public participation in ICZM
  Spatial planning for offshore windfarms in the EEZ and Coastal zone
  93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
• The Tragedy of the Commons - The Tuna Example
  ...ed Nations auspices, nation can claim territorial rights to many important offshore fisheries. They can then limit access these fisheries by requiring fishing
  11 KB (1,683 words) - 13:58, 27 December 2020
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...ocean]], see also the article [[Natural shore protecting barriers]]. Some offshore reefs have experienced considerable damage due to trawling activities. The
  33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
• Coastal Erosion along the Changjiang Deltaic Shoreline
  ...m year"1 in the Luanhe River mouth and an average erosion of 25m/y in its offshore sandbars, accompanied by a rapid decrease in sand-bar size.
  15 KB (2,371 words) - 17:56, 2 January 2021
• Coral reefs
  ...and seamounts, and are found around vents, in [[Fjord|fjords]] and around offshore submarine banks (Cordes et al., 2016<ref name=C16>Cordes, E., Arnaud-Haond,
  27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
• Space geodetic techniques for coastal zone monitoring
  ...f radar altimeter satellites. In addition, they can provide a link between offshore radar altimeter data and tide-gauge stations.
  24 KB (3,830 words) - 18:53, 19 February 2024
• Human activities and nature conservation conflicts at the Kenyan coastline
  ...more favourable offshore. Promotion efforts generated new interests in the offshore. Lamu Basin and an Australian firm is at an advanced stage with efforts to
  16 KB (2,479 words) - 14:59, 9 September 2020
• Nearshore
  ...oreface]]. In another definition the nearshore zone extends further to the offshore zone, typically to water depths of the order of 20m.<ref name="CIRIA (1996)
  414 bytes (54 words) - 15:14, 6 October 2021
• Topic:Engineering
  * [[Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany]]
  1 KB (121 words) - 12:22, 20 February 2024
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation
  ...abitats in Europe, which can disturb by trampling or direct harvesting. In offshore waters, exploration and development of oil and gas activities threaten mari
  9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
• Black Sea
  ...amination, especially from [[Coastal pollution and impacts#Oil and gas and offshore installations|oil products]], [[Possible consequences of eutrophication|eut
  2 KB (357 words) - 17:24, 10 March 2021
• Carrying capacity and development of the Wadden Sea
  ...GW power stations). However, tidal energy extraction by impounded barriers/offshore lagoons is likely to be excessively expensive financially and ecologically.
  11 KB (1,721 words) - 12:53, 6 March 2022
• The PlanCoast project
  5. Draw up a national strategy for integrated offshore development which: ::* identifying basic policies that rule coastal and offshore developments,
  6 KB (881 words) - 22:28, 1 August 2019
• IMSP
  ...here it describes a spatial planning approach which equally covers on- and offshore areas. Maritime spatial planning is considered both a tool and a requiremen
  1 KB (166 words) - 18:44, 20 November 2008
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...cial dune built in front of the seashore boulevard with sand extracted far offshore. A parking space has been created for beach tourists on the inside of this
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• US Coastal Zone Management Program
  ...states that have a CZM program in place have used this clause to limit the offshore development of oil and gas reserves. When first enacted, the CZMP was unusu ...ide of the state's designated coastal zone, including for example, federal offshore waters
  13 KB (1,909 words) - 10:16, 25 July 2020
• Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary – Case Study
  ...e protection to specified features or portions of the islands, inshore and offshore waters. In 1999, to address the continuing decline in habitat and fisheries ...and marine resources from the mean high tide line to three nautical miles offshore. This is the regulatory body responsible for fisheries.
  12 KB (1,771 words) - 10:09, 25 July 2020
• Essential Fish Habitat
  ...Commerce. The NMFS jurisdictional area is between three miles to 200 miles offshore. The agency had authority to establish eight regional fishery management co
  5 KB (799 words) - 10:12, 25 July 2020
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...across large areas. Moreover, pipelines constructed to divert the brine to offshore areas destroy considerable meadow surfaces. The present and projected incre
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
• WiRAR - A marine radar wind sensor
  ...s^-1 in speed and ~13° in direction. In contrast to traditional offshore wind sensors, the retrieval of the wind vector from the NRCS of the ocean s
  12 KB (1,837 words) - 17:53, 23 August 2020
• Marine mammals' health as an indicator of ecosystem health - tools for monitoring
  ...sment Program, TMAP, Fig. 1). Industrial human activities, e.g. fisheries, offshore drilling and wind power generation, as well as [[pollutants]] in the enviro
  14 KB (1,996 words) - 15:12, 6 September 2020
• Using satellite data for global wave forecasts
  ...ironmental danger for all offshore operations. In particular the ships and offshore platforms are exposed to the severe wave forces (Fig.1). Therefore accurate ...jpg|thumb|left|'''Figure 1''':Picture of extremely high waves attacking an offshore oil platform during a severe storm. Wave forecasts are required here in suf
  11 KB (1,681 words) - 22:49, 29 June 2019
• Marine geo-information system for the North Sea seafloor
  ...ations like determination of location factors for the construction of e.g. offshore wind farms or areas suitable for sand and gravel recovery.
  8 KB (1,224 words) - 15:26, 20 September 2020
• Counting seabirds from ships and aircraft
  ...plans to set up [[Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany|offshore wind farms]]. The need to designate protected areas at sea, e.g. according
  7 KB (1,017 words) - 12:24, 20 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, France
  ...e Pointe d’Arcay has multiple dune ridges and ends in eastward recurves. Offshore the Ile de Ré is low-lying with sandy beaches, particularly on the exposed
  19 KB (2,952 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Portugal
  ...ve and along the south east coast, there are large stretches of cliffs and offshore rocky islands. A number of major estuaries break the coastline and in most
  17 KB (2,536 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2019
• Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
  ...y and ecosystem functioning, and oceanographic vessels are needed to study offshore marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning<ref name="ma"/>.
  15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
• Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany
  ...ance, Sweden, United States, China, Spain and Germany have announced their offshore wind power development plans. The increase of wind energy contributes to cl ...ble energy system. It has regulated for the first time feed-in-tariffs for offshore wind farms in the German coastal zone and the [[exclusive economic zone]] (
  17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
• Undertow
  | definition = Undertow is the current flowing offshore near the seabed in the [[surf zone]], driven by the cross-shore [[wave set- The offshore water discharge due to the undertow current is compensated by the onshore d
  609 bytes (81 words) - 15:42, 19 August 2021

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