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• Salt marsh
  ...oastal wetland influenced largely by marine tidal cycles and characterized by salt-tolerant vegetation.<ref>Scott, D.B., Frail-Gauthier, J. and Mudie, P. ...s are key transitional habitats between land and sea, periodically flooded by tidal water.
  35 KB (4,936 words) - 14:16, 22 April 2026
• Mangroves
  * Deposition of sediments by small-moderate waves and tides. ...orhiza''. The upper tidal limit (spring tide) of the mangroves is occupied by mangrove species such as ''Xylocarpus granatum'', white mangroves and butto
  46 KB (6,802 words) - 23:06, 25 April 2026
• Seagrass meadows
  ...The most extensive areas are found in the tropics. The total area covered by seagrass meadows globally is estimated to be on the order of 160,000 km<sup .... Global distribution of seagrass species. Data Source: IUCN, Map created by T. Bakirman. Creative Commons Licence.]]
  39 KB (5,691 words) - 13:16, 9 February 2026
• Salinity
  ...not of great practical importance for coastal waters, where it is dwarfed by the strong variability of the salinity in space and time. However, great pr ...gman, 1784<ref> Bergman, T. 1784. Physical and chemical essays (translated by Edmund Cullen)
  25 KB (3,808 words) - 16:51, 28 December 2023
• Continental shelf habitat
  ...ntinental slope]] to the [[shoreline]]. At the ocean side it is terminated by a pronounced change in bottom slope, called [[shelf break]]. The average sl ...mall scale) or driven by the wind (large scale). For more details, see the articles [[Shelf sea exchange with the ocean]], [[Ocean and shelf tides]], [[Tidal m
  11 KB (1,600 words) - 22:57, 14 December 2024
• Deep sea habitat
  ...ilometres. This region is the hadal region. The ocean floor is interrupted by mountain chains known as the mid-oceanic ridge systems. Other features on t ...e, between about 200 - 1500 m depth. This is related to oxygen consumption by microbial mineralization of organic matter sinking out of the photic zone
  23 KB (3,644 words) - 16:49, 14 November 2024
• Kelp forests
  ...ntinental shelves. Kelp belongs to the macro-algae family described in the articles [[Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services]] and [[Diversity and classifica ...e in temperate and polar coastal oceans. Kelp forests are formed primarily by large brown macroalgae of the order '''Laminariales''' (kelp is a non-taxon
  10 KB (1,465 words) - 17:24, 30 April 2026
• Coral reefs
  ...n shallow, cold waters. Corals are wave resistant rock structures, created by calcium carbonate secreting animals and plants. Coral reefs provide the phy ...ine]] over a long distance. They are separated from the adjacent land mass by a [[lagoon]]. A fringing reef (Fig. 2c) forms borders along the [[shoreline
  30 KB (4,620 words) - 16:06, 25 August 2025
• Ocean circulation
  ...e influence of Earth’s rotation on ocean circulation is explained in the articles [[Ekman transport]] and [[Geostrophic flow]]. ...ate fluctuations. Ocean currents also play a key role in marine ecosystems by storing <math>CO_2</math> and recycling nutrients.
  22 KB (3,112 words) - 13:03, 4 June 2026
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...s. Because of the permanent action of tides and waves, it is characterized by [[coast erosion|erosional]] features. Together with the wind, sunlight and ...ocks, are typically hotspots of [[submarine groundwater discharge]] driven by a strong subsurface hydraulic gradient. Groundwater discharge supplies near
  24 KB (3,646 words) - 12:28, 25 December 2024
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...e introduction to the processes underlying beach formation is given in the articles [[Shoreface profile]] and [[Shore protection vegetation]]. The two main typ ...od. When the tide retreats, waste products, eggs and larvae are taken away by the backwash. Organisms living on sandy shores have adapted to this dynamic
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 17:15, 26 December 2023
• Open ocean habitat
  The water column is subdivided into distinct zones by water depth and distance from shore. This is based on water depth and popul ...on patterns driven by wind and density differences are strongly influenced by topography; see [[Ocean circulation]].
  20 KB (2,834 words) - 20:40, 19 May 2026