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• Salt marsh
  ...oastal wetland influenced largely by marine tidal cycles and characterized by salt-tolerant vegetation.<ref>Scott, D.B., Frail-Gauthier, J. and Mudie, P. ...s are key transitional habitats between land and sea, periodically flooded by tidal water.
  38 KB (5,455 words) - 11:30, 21 September 2026
• Mangroves
  ...''. The upper tidal limit (spring tide) of the mangroves is often occupied by mangrove species such as ''Xylocarpus granatum'', white mangroves and butto The area covered by mangroves worldwide is estimated at almost 150,000 km²<ref name=
  50 KB (7,396 words) - 21:00, 21 July 2026
• Seagrass meadows
  ...in appearance, having monopodial growth of long straplike leaves supported by sediment stabilising roots and rhizomes and can exist in fully marine throu ...the impact of seagrasses on water flow. This parameter is usually obtained by averaging the tallest two-thirds of the leaves. The smallest seagrasses (ge
  48 KB (7,055 words) - 11:08, 21 September 2026
• Salinity
  ...ount of dissolved material in seawater. Historically this was approximated by gravimetric or chlorinity-based definitions. In modern oceanography, two sa ...gman, 1784<ref> Bergman, T. 1784. Physical and chemical essays (translated by Edmund Cullen)
  28 KB (4,127 words) - 13:07, 2 July 2026
• Continental shelf habitat
  ...s that distinguish continental-shelf habitats, while referring to separate articles for the underlying physical, sedimentary and biogeochemical processes and f ...re steeply along the continental slope. At the ocean side it is terminated by a pronounced change in bottom slope, called [[shelf break]]. The average sl
  13 KB (1,893 words) - 18:07, 25 July 2026
• Deep sea habitat
  ...ilometres. This region is the hadal region. The ocean floor is interrupted by mountain chains known as the mid-oceanic ridge systems. Other features on t ...e, between about 200 - 1500 m depth. This is related to oxygen consumption by microbial mineralization of organic matter sinking out of the photic zone
  23 KB (3,644 words) - 16:49, 14 November 2024
• Kelp forests
  ...ntinental shelves. Kelp belongs to the macro-algae family described in the articles [[Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services]] and [[Diversity and classifica ...e in temperate and polar coastal oceans. Kelp forests are formed primarily by large brown macroalgae of the order '''Laminariales''' (kelp is a non-taxon
  10 KB (1,462 words) - 16:34, 18 August 2026
• Coral reefs
  ...aters. Coral reefs are wave-resistant carbonate structures built primarily by reef-building corals, together with other calcifying organisms such as cora ...ine]] over a long distance. They are separated from the adjacent land mass by a [[lagoon]]. A fringing reef (Fig. 2c) forms borders along the [[shoreline
  35 KB (5,211 words) - 17:10, 19 September 2026
• Ocean circulation
  ...e influence of Earth’s rotation on ocean circulation is explained in the articles [[Ekman transport]] and [[Geostrophic flow]]. ...ate fluctuations. Ocean currents also play a key role in marine ecosystems by storing <math>CO_2</math> and recycling nutrients.
  22 KB (3,114 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2026
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...s. Because of the permanent action of tides and waves, it is characterized by [[coast erosion|erosional]] features. Together with the wind, sunlight and ...ocks, are typically hotspots of [[submarine groundwater discharge]] driven by a strong subsurface hydraulic gradient. Groundwater discharge supplies near
  24 KB (3,646 words) - 12:28, 25 December 2024
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...e introduction to the processes underlying beach formation is given in the articles [[Shoreface profile]] and [[Shore protection vegetation]]. The two main typ ...od. When the tide retreats, waste products, eggs and larvae are taken away by the backwash. Organisms living on sandy shores have adapted to this dynamic
  12 KB (1,798 words) - 17:34, 26 July 2026
• Open ocean habitat
  ...ocean is not a uniform desert, but a highly structured habitat controlled by light, depth, temperature, stratification, nutrients, oxygen, particle flux ...on patterns driven by wind and density differences are strongly influenced by topography; see [[Ocean circulation]].
  22 KB (3,076 words) - 10:21, 25 June 2026