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• Definitions of coastal terms
  ..., [[#Tidal flat|tidal flat]], [[#Salt marsh|salt marsh]], [[#Tidal channel|tidal channel]], etc.) by sedimentation. The tidal levels and water motion which would result from Earth's rotation and gravit
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  The hydrodynamic conditions or processes, that come about from [[Tidal wave|waves]] transforming over a coastal profile and generating wave set up *The sources and sinks of sediment, such as rivers, eroding coasts or tidal inlets
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Detached breakwaters
  ...semi-protected areas. They are especially suited for areas where the tidal range is high, as they follow the water-level. Floating breakwaters are seldom us
  31 KB (4,715 words) - 23:55, 30 March 2024
• Waves
  ! style="border:2px solid lightblue;"| Ordinary tidal waves ! style="border:2px solid lightblue;"| Trans-tidal waves
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
• Closure depth
  ...fshore by a-large [[rip current]] or an ebb [[tide|tidal]] shoal where the tidal current is a major contributor to the sediment-transporting processes. ...ions of the distance offshore. The envelope tends to converge in the depth range of 5 to 6 m for this particular profile, seaward of which the profile eleva
  23 KB (3,596 words) - 12:03, 24 April 2024
• Fluid mud
  ...ment transport related to [[Tidal asymmetry and tidal basin morphodynamics|tidal asymmetry]] and [[estuarine circulation]]. These processes are a major caus ...water mass. In estuaries, fluid mud layers can be entrained by near-bottom tidal currents over considerable distances without being dispersed over the whole
  15 KB (2,305 words) - 19:30, 12 January 2024
• Dune
  |definition= Bed forms induced by the interaction of the seabed with (mainly tidal) currents. ...mobilisation of sediment, sand dunes develop from sand grains in the size range 0.2-2.0mm.
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:49, 2 February 2023
• Sea level rise
  ! width="10% style=" border:1px solid blue;"| Main periodicity range [year] ! width="15% style=" border:1px solid bleu;"| SLR range [m]
  41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
• Shoreline management
  Coastal locations are also susceptible to a range of natural hazards such as [[Extreme storms|storm surges]], erosion and sea ...ater is too rough for swimming, a swimming pool, possibly in the form of a tidal pool, is a good solution.
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Tidal flat
  {{Definition|title=Tidal flat ...lative tidal range RTR, defined as the ratio between the mean spring tidal range and the annual average significant wave height, is higher than 15<ref name=
  891 bytes (130 words) - 23:07, 22 June 2020
• FUTURECOAST project, UK
  Analysis of coastal dynamics and evolution is difficult due to both the range of spatial and temporal scales over which coastal changes occur, and the co ...ucture and developing an understanding of how these elements interact on a range of both temporal and spatial scales. In this exercise it is the interaction
  20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
• Biotopes and classification systems
  ...l and chemical environment (including salinity, wave exposure, strength of tidal streams, geology, biological zone, substratum, 'features' (e.g. crevices, o ...wave exposure, salinity and tidal currents. Such conditions vary within a range, which is characteristic of the [[habitat]]. This means that a [[habitat]]
  17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
• Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  ...ki (2005) <ref>Różyński, G. 2005. Long term shoreline response of a non-tidal, barred coast. Coastal Engineering 52: 79-91</ref>, who analyzed shoreline The 2nd wave had the wavelength in the range of 1,000-1,400 m, amplitudes of 10 m and the period of 8 years, see Fig. 3.
  25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...ing<ref>Van Coppenolle, R. and Temmerman, S. 2019. A global exploration of tidal wetland creation for nature-based flood risk mitigation in coastal cities. ...X., Yuan, J., Liu, W. and Li, Z. 2021. Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change. National Science Review 8: nwaa296<
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Coastal mud belt
  ...-bottom layer that is maintained and kept in movement by oceanic currents, tidal currents or currents generated by internal waves<ref>Porz, L., Zhang, W., H ...ietrzak, J.D. 2020. The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence. Journal Phys. Ocean. 50: 1265
  24 KB (3,842 words) - 18:14, 13 January 2024
• Tidal asymmetry and tidal inlet morphodynamics
  ...aries. A qualitative discussion is given of the mutual interaction between tidal asymmetry generation and morphological development of these systems, which ==Tidal wave skewness==
  53 KB (8,417 words) - 12:56, 20 January 2024
• Nutrient conversion in the marine environment
  ...: 670 </ref> and the discharge of reactive (available for uptake) P in the range 5-8.6 Tg P/yr <ref>Seitzinger, S.P., Mayorga, E., Bouwman, A.F., Kroeze, C. ...ll make a major contribution to the oceanic stock of nutrient N. Estimates range from 13 to 134 Tg N / yr <ref>Benavides, M., Bonnet, S., Berman-Frank, I. a
  26 KB (3,923 words) - 20:02, 4 August 2023
• Argus image types and conventions
  ...ion process, the intensity data are normalised over the lens’s intensity range and thus dimensionless. The dark, slightly curved patterns represent indivi ...n. The vertical reference level (z = 0) is generally set to match the mean tidal level or a commonly used (often national) ordinance level (like NAP in the
  7 KB (1,069 words) - 21:30, 10 August 2020
• Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
  ...hour or more for hydrographic and topographic modes, respectively. For the tidal zone, this is crucial as usually only short tide windows are available for ==Range of systems==
  15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
• Dune erosion
  ...observed dune erosion rates when using values of <math>C_s</math> in the range 10^-3 - 2.10^-3. ...The erosion volumes become similar for long duration storms, assuming that tidal water level variations can be ignored. Another drawback is the restriction
  42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
• Effect of climate change on coastline evolution
  ...lowed by rapid reshaping of the shoreline by, amongst other things, waves, tidal currents and human interventions. Another constraint on the range of applicability of the Bruun rule results from its assumptions that the sh
  8 KB (1,288 words) - 21:24, 19 March 2021
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...fer, is further enhanced by mechanisms acting from the marine side such as tidal pumping and wave set-up. The time variation of SGD exhibits components at s ...puts to the coastal zone. ''Biogeochemistry'' '''66''' 3-33.</ref>) in the range of 6-10% of the surface waters discharging into the ocean. However, more re
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Case study: Applying ASMITA to UK estuaries
  ...ulation or through tidal asymmetry effects (see e.g. [[Tidal asymmetry and tidal basin morphodynamics]]). ...ted into harbour on flood tides, coarse sediment moves seaward to form ebb-tidal delta
  7 KB (1,063 words) - 11:37, 13 November 2021
• Measuring instruments for estuaries
  ...ber of samples due to time-variation of sediment concentrations within the tidal cycle. ...measurements due to insufficient robustness, relatively low concentration range (<150 mg/l) and biological fouling problems (see also [[Optical Laser diffr
  4 KB (457 words) - 20:13, 29 June 2019
• Definitions, processes and models in morphology
  ...nd chemical disintegration of rocks from the earth's crust. Such particles range in size from large boulders to colloidal size fragments and vary in shape f ...e lower reaches of the river (estuary or tidal river) the influence of the tidal motion may become noticeable introducing non-steady effects with varying cu
  11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
• Measuring instruments for sediment transport
  To measure the [[suspended load]] transport, a wide range of instruments is available from simple mechanical samplers to sophisticat ...ber of samples due to time-variation of sediment concentrations within the tidal cycle.
  27 KB (3,920 words) - 22:17, 19 August 2020
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  ...oil, gas, minerals) and services (e.g., natural protection from storms and tidal waves, space for recreation). ...gress. Scientists involved in LOICZ also published their results in a wide range of scientific journals, conference proceedings and manuals. The LOICZ IPO p
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• Development of a geographical dictionary in the context of NOKIS
  ...only a few toponyms might be found. For NOKIS mainly the names within the range of the Wadden Sea (coastal waters according to the European [[Water Framewo ...ng of sandbanks, tidal shoals and creeks are partly even more serious. Big tidal shoals, sometimes with designated names, may become divided, grow together,
  29 KB (4,440 words) - 23:52, 28 July 2019
• Estuary
  ...t excludes the tidal river upstream of the seawater intrusion limit, where tidal motion can still have important consequences for ecosystem, water quality a ...r intrusion limit, but subject to tidal motion, is usually referred to as 'tidal river'.}}
  4 KB (540 words) - 13:40, 20 January 2024
• Floating breakwaters
  ...semi-protected areas. They are especially suited for areas where the tidal range is high, as they follow the water-level. Floating breakwaters are seldom us
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Use of aerial photographs for shoreline position and mapping applications
  ...d. Photographs with the principal points situated landwards beyond the top range of the cliff or the crest line of the dune (Fig.1b) should not be interpret *cliff range line/dune crest line; an indicator of multiyear changes.
  10 KB (1,437 words) - 13:18, 7 December 2023
• Pump sampling in unidirectional and oscillatory flow
  ...(bore) in the range of 0.003 to 0.016 m, the pump discharge will be in the range of 1 to 30 litres per minute. In case a deck-mounted pump is used the maxim ...the handling of a large water-sediment volume. The hose diameter is in the range of 0.01 to 0.016 m.
  10 KB (1,576 words) - 15:33, 20 August 2020
• Acoustic point sensors (ASTM, UHCM, ADV)
  ...smeijer, B.T. et al. 2005. Suspended sand concentrations and transports in tidal flow with and without waves (Paper U). In: ''Sand transport and morphology ...instrument (Figure 4) which has been developed for the high concentration range of 1 to 100 kg/m³ near the bed. This instrument is based on the
  12 KB (1,685 words) - 16:25, 8 September 2020
• Acoustic backscatter profiling sensors (ABS)
  ...f 1MHz, 2.25MHz and 5MHz, they were able to estimate particle sizes in the range 50 um to 170 um to between 10% and 20%. They also note that once the relati ...ge of 16 pulses (5 Hz). The vertical resolution is 1 cm. The concentration range is about 0.1 to 20 kg/m³. The system was calibrated in a laborat
  22 KB (3,217 words) - 11:14, 9 September 2020
• French case studies: Upper tidal flat evolution in the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (NW France)
  ...nt Saint-Michel Bay is famous for its very large tidal range (spring tidal range up to 14.5 m) generating an exceptional extension of the intertidal zone ov ...rt (Cancale bay) is a sheltered embayment subjected to moderate rotational tidal currents and protected from North-West dominant swells. This area is charac
  10 KB (1,645 words) - 17:46, 1 July 2020
• French case studies: Dynamic of swash bar and hook spit formation in megatidal environment, Regneville Inlet (Normandy, France)
  Tidal inlets have received a lot of attention in coastal and estuarine science an ...ndward sand transport (OERTEL, 1972). Generally in such mixed-energy (wave-tidal) settings, the development of the large complex bars results from the landw
  13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
• Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods
  ...determines the maximum velocity detectable and also determines the maximum range of the system. There is no other acoustic method that can produce such high ...and Lueck, 1999<ref>Lu, Y., Lueck, R.G., 1999. Using a broadband ADCP in a tidal channel. Part II: turbulence. ''Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technolo
  22 KB (3,631 words) - 22:30, 25 October 2020
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  This article discusses global warming and the range of effects on marine systems. ...ral shores at different submersion levels (HWN: High Water Neap; MTL: Mean Tidal Low; LWN: Low Water Neap) on the south coast of Devon and Cornwall. SOURCE:
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Sand Dunes in Europe
  ...modification. They often occur in a complex of other habitats spanning the range of terrestrial coastal habitats and ecosystems in transitional waters. The first stage in sand deposition occurs here, normally above direct tidal influence. The vegetation is limited in species diversity, dependent on its
  9 KB (1,344 words) - 16:12, 30 August 2021
• Mangroves
  ...mperature of the coldest month higher than 20°C; the seasonal temperature range should not exceed 5°C. They are not resistant to freezing. * Shores must be free of strong [[waves|wave]] action and strong [[tidal current]]s.
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...by sediment suspension. Seagrasses globally have light requirements in the range of 4 to 36% of sub-surface irradiance (''Zostera muelleri'' requires 16 to * A gently sloping coast, with little or no [[Tide|tidal]] currents or strong waves, is preferred.
  37 KB (5,414 words) - 20:23, 24 December 2023
• Marine habitats and ecosystems
  ...arth’s aquatic ecosystem. The [[habitat]]s that make up this vast system range from the productive nearshore regions to the barren ocean floor. ...above the spring high [[tide]] limit or above the mean water level in non-tidal waters. <ref>http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats-factsheet.jsp?idHabitat=40
  4 KB (622 words) - 14:39, 24 September 2022
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...aking wave currents are comparatively low in the intervention area, in the range of 0.25 to 0.5m/s. On the downdrift area wave breaking currents can reach v ====Tidal regime====
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Application and use of underwater video
  ...camera system for studies of the dynamics of microtopographic features on tidal flats; Marine Georesources and Geotechnology; 22: 1-2, pp. 115-122</ref>), ...er, the water itself, reduce the visibility (in most practical cases) to a range of a few tens of meters, often less. Due to this (and camera resolution lim
  14 KB (2,095 words) - 13:21, 7 December 2023
• Spatial and temporal variability of salt marshes
  ...consists of [[mud]] and sand. Salt marshes are normally associated with [[Tidal flats from space|mud flats]], these mud flats are sometimes dominated by [[ Salt marshes are regularly subjected to tidal movement and wave action. Tidal channels control the drainage of this seawater and allow [[detritus]], diss
  18 KB (2,451 words) - 18:54, 7 March 2023
• Pump samplers
  ...mpling error in the concentration for two types of sand. The concentration range is 50 to 1000 mg/1. Each point represents an average value, while also the ...ng an average error smaller than 20% for a discharge Q_s in the range 0.2 to 1 1/min.
  10 KB (1,497 words) - 14:34, 7 October 2021
• Bottle and trap samplers
  ...</ref>). The ratio of the height and diameter of the trap should be in the range of 3 to 5. Funnel-shaped traps were found to give an underestimation of the ...on and nozzle axis (range 0° to 20°), for a hydraulic coefficient in the range of 0.5 to 2 in all tests.
  13 KB (1,984 words) - 12:21, 12 August 2020
• Plunging wave in slow motion
  ...of breakers in the shoreface impresses because of their rapidity, dynamic range, and dramatic mixture of chaotic and cyclic behaviours. This recording show ...es SSW and SE and thus, roughly speaking, the African coast. The region is tidal: the water-level excursion at the nearby Puerto del Rosario is reported to
  5 KB (851 words) - 21:54, 29 February 2024
• Optical measurements in coastal waters
  ...citly taken into account. Nearly all instruments have limitations in their range of linear response, and this can pose problems in turbid coastal waters. ...e of relatively high turbidity levels, eutrophicated areas with sufficient tidal stirring such as the Dutch coast may support intense [[phytoplankton]] [[Al
  16 KB (2,211 words) - 21:29, 24 February 2024
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) include a wide range of substances: industrial chemicals (such as polychlorinated biphenyls – ...littorals to oil pollution, with respect to their exposition to swell and tidal waves and their soil composition.
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangroves
  .../www.ipcc.ch/index.htm Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]’s full range of 35 climate projection scenarios. The projected short-term sea level rise ...obal environment that operate on a great range of time scales, from hours (tidal) to millions of years (ocean basin changes due to tectonics and sedimentati
  15 KB (2,216 words) - 16:51, 3 September 2020
• Mariculture
  Mariculture includes a wide range of species and culture methods. It is globally a fast-growing activity, see ...es resulting from escaped culture stocks can establish far from their home range. In some cases this may enrich [[biodiversity]], but often they predate on
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...scavengers, they obtain more food by the discarded by-catch and because a range of species are killed, but not retained by towed gears<ref name="Jennings19 Benthic organisms and other unwanted by-catch are often discarded and a range of species are killed, but not retained by towed gears.
  33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
• Tidal flats from space
  ...jective of our research was to classify the different surface types of the tidal flat areas with satellite data in combination with ground truth measurement ...ecosystems because of the water cover, which changes permanently with the tidal phase. They play an important role as a cleansing site for North Sea water,
  14 KB (2,127 words) - 11:32, 17 February 2024
• Acoustic kelp bed mapping in shallow rocky coasts - case study Helgoland (North Sea)
  ...ion with Kriging|kriging method]]. South of Dune Island water depth values range between 2 and 14 m. The hard rock ridges emerge from the otherwise unstruct
  12 KB (1,843 words) - 23:06, 16 October 2021
• Sand dune types - Europe
  ...develop on coastlines with an adequate supply of material within the size range 0.2-2.0mms. The critical factor is the availability of a sufficiently large ...s not unique to the coastal dunes. Unique is the interaction with the wide range of ambient weather, which is inherent to the coast.
  4 KB (687 words) - 15:53, 6 September 2020
• Salt marshes
  ...veral metres in open seas along the ocean margins. A network of meandering tidal creeks ensures the drainage of seawater. Through these channels, sediments, ...nt of saltmarshes occurs in estuaries with a moderate climate, large tidal range, abundant fine-grained sediments and sheltered locations where particles ca
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Coral reefs
  Globally, cold-water corals (CWC) cover a wide range of depths (40 - 2000 m), water temperatures of 4-10 °C and latitudes (70° * Storms and tidal emersions;
  27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
• Space geodetic techniques for coastal zone monitoring
  ...ce ellipsoid. This is given as the difference between the altitude and the range. As orbit we define the path that the satellite follows while revolving aro ...he distance between the satellite and the ISS is computed, which is called range or instantaneous sea surface topography (ISST). This is computed as half th
  24 KB (3,830 words) - 18:53, 19 February 2024
• Tsunami
  ...wavelength of wind-generated waves and much smaller than the wavelength of tidal waves. }} ...ind-driven waves (i.e., more than a few minutes) and much smaller than the tidal period (i.e., less than two hours). The wave height can be a few meters at
  28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
• Bathymetry German Bight from X-band radar
  ...leads to a profound change of the local tidal-stream situation; the tidal range of the area is 2m. ...instruments in the area of investigation. For the determination of datum, tidal gauge measurements were also used. A dataset of the [[bathymetry]] of part
  11 KB (1,665 words) - 16:35, 28 January 2024
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...to be further developed. As there are still deficits in assessing the full range of [[flood]] impacts, new approaches have been developed for hazard analysi ...(up to 3.5 m in the North Sea). The interaction of normal [[tide]]s (tidal range of 1-2 m is typical in the southern North Sea region), [[storm surge]]s, an
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• Disturbance prevention
  ...tions. This disturbance alleviaion service is provided mainly by a diverse range of species which bind and stabilise sediments and create matural sea grass
  2 KB (243 words) - 09:54, 24 July 2019
• Principles of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats
  ...communities. Such constructions have often led to an increase of the tidal range and a decrease of salinity gradients which force estuarine species out of t ...cts were typically the largest and the least expensive per hectare (in the range US$ 500 - 400,000 per ha<ref>Su, J., Friess, D.A. and Gasparatos, A. 2021.
  23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  *Artificial recharge can range from individual rooftop rainwater harvesting systems, small storage solutio ...) <ref> Van Coppenolle, R, and Temmerman, S. 2019. A global exploration of tidal wetland creation for nature-based flood risk mitigation in coastal cities.
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Meiofauna of Sandy Beaches
  ...tions between coastal morphology, land-ocean exchanges, meteorological and tidal conditions, create a highly complex and finely scaled network of environmen ...]] occurrence was not clear – two brackish water locations have the same range of [[meiofauna]] density as full marine sites<ref name=K></ref>. As was rep
  22 KB (3,240 words) - 17:40, 30 December 2023
• A review of biodiversity-ecosystem function research
  ...Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin</ref>. A wide range of hypotheses were developed describing the form of the biodiversity-ecosys ...hich biodiversity is controlled, but natural fluctuations in, for example, tidal cycles, rainfall or temperature, occur (Figure 4c). Although such studies i
  23 KB (3,263 words) - 12:54, 6 September 2020
• Dynamics and structure of the water and matter ex-change between the Wadden Sea and the German Bight
  ...atural environments characterised by strongly varying physical impact from tidal currents and waves and significant changes in water temperature, salinity, ...atter and the bedload transport of the sand over a full cross-section of a tidal inlet connecting the Wadden Sea with the open North Sea. This was partly ac
  13 KB (2,006 words) - 14:59, 2 July 2023
• Disturbances of nematodes
  ...tic Ocean]]) and Crete ([[Mediterranean Sea]]). Beaches covered a range of tidal regimes, salinity and temperature environments.
  4 KB (615 words) - 15:48, 10 September 2020
• Wave energy converters
  ...riments in San Francisco and Santa Cruz. [http://www.outsidelands.org/wave-tidal.php]</ref>. The wave power farms installed worldwide in 2020 totaled some 2 ...gy Converter with real time latching control. Procs. 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Porto, Portugal</ref>, the ISWEC that uses a gyroscope<r
  62 KB (9,587 words) - 22:04, 7 May 2024
• Artificial reefs
  ...as well as account for safe conditions for swimmers and surfers within the tidal excursion of the construction site. ...e of the structure and <math>\gamma_b</math> an empirical parameter in the range 0.4-1.2 that depends on the bed slope and the breaker type. The most usual
  41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
• Use of X-band and HF radar in marine hydrography
  ...egrees and near to zero (grazing) at far ranges. In this case, the working range of the radar strongly depends on the operating frequency. In this article w ...quency range, the spatial resolution can be as fine as 5 m at 5 km working range. By installing a X-band radar on-board a ship, the observation area can be
  36 KB (5,694 words) - 16:25, 28 January 2024
• Oostzeegroenworm
  ...en Bergh, E. (2009). Alien macrobenthic species in the Sea Scheldt and its tidal tributaries (Belgium). INBO: Brussel. 1 poster pp. [http://www.vliz.be/imis ...Case histories on introduced species: their general biology, distribution, range expansion and impact: prepared by Members of the European Union Concerted A
  15 KB (2,220 words) - 13:45, 27 February 2013
• Nearshore sandbars
  ...h>\small H_s</math> [m], mean wave period <math>\small T</math> [s], tidal range <math>\small TR</math> [m]. </small>]] ...ng 141(5): 04015002</ref>) described the nearshore bar system at the micro-tidal Baltic coast of Poland as follows:
  24 KB (3,613 words) - 17:34, 14 November 2023
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management: analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad
  ==Analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad== ...le attempts to analyze the human-environmental interaction in the Northern Range of Trinidad and Tobago in order to identify the major environmental issues,
  20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
• Deteriorated groynes
  ...nsity flows driven by changes in water temperature or salinity and finally tidal and wave driven currents. The following computational modules were incorpor | Velocity range
  25 KB (3,878 words) - 17:18, 3 September 2020
• Shore protection vegetation
  ...which is shifting with meteorological conditions and with the spring-neap tidal cycle. Most of the species in this zone are so-called pioneers. In fact, t ...f the world. Vegetatio 61: 65-75</ref>). Species that thrive under a broad range of conditions are species of the genera ''Ammophila'', ''Cakile'', ''Arctot
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ...tem engineers in that they can strongly attenuate hydrodynamic energy from tidal current and [[waves]] (Bouma ''et al.'', 2005<ref name= "Bouma05">BOUMA T.J ...a.php?p=taxdetails&id=234037 Spartina spp.]''). They can be found on the [[Tidal flats from space|mud flats]] seaward of the salt marsh edge (Figure 1), whe
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
  ...sediment for tube building. ''S. alveolata'' reefs are known to form on a range of substrata from pebble to bedrock (Cunningham ''et al.'', 1984<ref name= ...seem more important. In other areas, such as parts of the Severn Estuary, tidal suspension is probably very important. However, ''S. alveolata'' is general
  69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
• Gravel Beaches
  ...(<math>D_{85}/D_{16} <2 </math>), whereas a well mixed sample has a large range of sizes (<math>D_{85}/D_{16} >16 </math>). ...he vertical profile of the order of 0.5 m are commonly found over just one tidal cycle for moderate to large waves <ref name ="Van Wellen">[http://www.vliz.
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
• Flocculation cohesive sediments
  ...ian diameter of the size distribution of clay minerals is typically in the range of 1-2 μm and the spread is about 0.1 to 10 μm. Since clay minerals have ...ine particles including microflocs that have recently formed, typically on tidal time scales. They have a loose structure and low density which makes them m
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:17, 29 April 2024
• Wave energy converters in coastal structures
  ...ters in coastal structures. The wave energy flux was expected to be in the range of 1 – 10 kW/m. The length of each [[Application of breakwaters|breakwat ...ents on a small-scale OCZ device. Proceedings of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, 2009</ref>.]]
  20 KB (3,003 words) - 15:51, 25 February 2023
• Coastal observation systems
  ...ater samplers that are filled by a motor driven pumping system over a time range of up to one minute. In this way concentration fluctuations of the suspende ...tutes_platforms/cosyna/index.php.de COSYNA]: (1) shallowness (< 50 m), (2) tidal currents of up to 1 ms-1, (3) variable mixing of fresh water from the river
  39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...fluid motion of the water manifests itself as coastal currents, tides and tidal currents, internal and surface waves, [[storm surge]]s, tsunamis and others :# Repeatability: repeated experiments, to investigate the range of inherent uncertainty of phenomena,
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Dynamics of mud transport
  ...name= "ref 1">Eisma, D. et al. (1997). Intertidal Deposits: River Mouths, Tidal Flats and Coastal Lagoons. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL), 525 pp. </ref>. ...The simultaneous occurrence of micro- and macro-flocs is attributed to the tidal dynamics, and/or sometimes to the mixing of sea- and river-born aggregates.
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Ecological restoration of estuaries in North Western Europe
  ...article is largely based on Ducrotoy, J-P. 2010. Ecological restoration of tidal estuaries in North Western ...shes. In all ecosystems, there has been a parallel decrease of fresh water tidal habitats for fish, birds, and the benthos on which they feed.
  36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
• Coastal lagoon
  ...ic Sea the largest is the Curonian lagoon is 1,600 sq km. They show a wide range of ecological variation, too. * b) tidal regime ( non-, micro- meso- macro- tidal)
  7 KB (1,011 words) - 21:33, 27 February 2020
• GIFS activity 1.2: Case study Nieuwpoort (Belgium) fisheries embedded in local tourism policy
  ...orts the sustainable development of fisheries areas) in order to support a range of projects proposed and carried out by a wide variety of local stakeholder ...ially built for the new generation polyester fishing ships. Because of the tidal forces, the ships that are moored against the quay walls move along with th
  32 KB (4,809 words) - 14:05, 20 August 2014
• Artificial Neural Networks and coastal applications
  ...avoids some problems related to gradient descent by exploring a much wider range of network architectures and a very wide domain of the weight parameter spa ...tation is the low reliability of predictions for situations far beyond the range covered by the input training data. This is similar to the limitation that
  29 KB (4,514 words) - 16:02, 21 September 2023
• Socio-economic importance of Multi-use Offshore Platforms
  ...hore wind energy capacity worldwide. The annual investments in this sector range between €4.6 billion and €6.4 billion (2013) <ref>[http://www.vliz.be/n ...e currently being demonstrated and underwater turbines driven by currents (tidal or other) are close to commercialisation. In total, 22MW of wave and curren
  3 KB (500 words) - 10:24, 10 August 2019
• Rocky shore morphology
  ...ide level, others at a range of intertidal elevations, and yet others at a range of supratidal elevations up to several meters above high tide<ref name=S22/ ...rongly variable from site to site; observed down-wearing rates fall in the range of 0.035 - 1.36 mm/year<ref name=S22/>. Attack by waves armoured with rock
  11 KB (1,732 words) - 17:10, 24 June 2022
• Rocky shore habitat
  This article describes the habitat of rocky shores in a tidal environment. It is one of the habitat sub-categories within the section dea ...e these organisms have evolved physiological mechanisms to tolerate a wide range of body temperatures, for example by reducing their metabolic rate (see the
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Seawater intrusion and mixing in estuaries
  ...olved in seawater intrusion and mixing in estuaries under the influence of tidal motion and explain some simple methods for deriving quantitative estimates. ...water intrusion is sometimes called 'tidal pumping'. Here we use the term 'tidal pumping' only for the fraction of outflowing estuarine water that is replac
  48 KB (7,481 words) - 15:07, 2 July 2023
• Coriolis and tidal motion in shelf seas
  ...pth and straight coastlines – the general characteristics are similar to tidal motion in shelf seas with more complex geometries. ...basin boundaries the tidal current vector describes an ellipse during the tidal period.
  29 KB (4,811 words) - 11:24, 16 September 2021
• Salt wedge estuaries
  ...with the overlying fresh water layer. Salt wedges occur in estuaries where tidal motion is very weak or absent. }} In estuaries where tidal motion is very weak or absent, seawater intrudes in the form of a wedge alo
  23 KB (3,588 words) - 17:48, 7 December 2022
• Estuarine circulation
  ...takes place vertically in the water column due to turbulence generated by tidal flow along the estuarine bottom<ref>Trowbridge, J.H., Geyer, W.R., Bowen, M ...represented by a tide-averaged and depth-averaged diffusivity. The role of tidal motion is reduced to the generation of turbulence at the channel bed, which
  39 KB (5,906 words) - 23:22, 24 May 2023
• Estuarine dispersion: dye experiments in the Eastern Scheldt scale model
  ...% larger than at the mouth. Maximum tidal currents are of order 1 m/s; the tidal excursion is typically 15 km. ...uary are reduced by a factor 400 and the vertical scale by factor 100. The tidal time scale is reduced by a factor 40, in order to preserve the Froude numbe
  7 KB (1,059 words) - 17:29, 2 July 2023
• Morphology of estuaries
  The Latin word “aestuarium” means: tidal inlet. Based on morphologic considerations, an estuary has been defined by ...processes. The estuary is considered to extend from the landward limit of tidal facies at its head to the seaward limit of coastal facies at its mouth.''
  87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
• Bed roughness and friction factors in estuaries
  ...rook formula. For estuaries, typical values of <math>c_D</math> are in the range 0.001-0.004. ...pended sediment<ref>Abraham, G. (1988) Turbulence and mixing in stratified tidal flows. In: Physical Processes in Estuaries (Eds. J. Dronkers and W. van Leu
  11 KB (1,741 words) - 18:18, 4 February 2023
• Physical processes and morphology of synchronous estuaries
  ...hase of tidal elevation significantly exceeds the gradient from changes in tidal amplitude. Many estuaries can be considered 'synchronous', according to thi ...in explaining existing morphologies in terms of the forcing parameters of tidal amplitude, <math>Z</math>, and river flow, <math>Q</math>, is summarised in
  50 KB (7,345 words) - 17:09, 2 July 2020

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