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• Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods
  ...bulence. The inertial dissipation method can be used to calculate relevant turbulence parameters when ADVs are used for measurements. ...Y., Lueck, R.G., 1999. Using a broadband ADCP in a tidal channel. Part II: turbulence. ''Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology'' 16, 1568–1579.</ref>).
  22 KB (3,631 words) - 22:30, 25 October 2020

Page text matches

• Mud
  ...luid interaction in mud ([[Flocculation cohesive sediments|flocculation]], turbulence damping etc.)
  10 KB (1,405 words) - 17:12, 14 February 2024
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...e large-scale flow pattern in a cascade process to increasingly smaller [[#Turbulence|turbulent]] flow structures. The large-scale flow profile in the turbulent ...rsion is the overall mixing effect of all hydrodynamic processes including turbulence, flow circulations and gradients in current velocity. See: [[Seawater intru
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ...friction mobilize the sediment which can be mixed to higher elevations by turbulence generated by breaking waves. Hence, sediment concentration profile gradient ...her. Finally, the waves break. During the breaking process, the associated turbulence causes some of the seabed sediments to be brought into suspension. These su
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Currents
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
• Fluid mud
  Turbulence is strongly suppressed at the interface between different layers, due to de ...hristie, M.C. and Manning, A. J. 2004. The effect of suspended sediment on turbulence within an estuarine turbidity maximum. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 59: 237-248</
  15 KB (2,305 words) - 19:30, 12 January 2024
• Remote sensing
  ...Wadden Sea]], [[Acoustic point sensors (ASTM, UHCM, ADV)]], [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]] :[[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  11 KB (1,586 words) - 18:47, 19 February 2024
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...ve agents of horizontal mixing are the large-scale eddies of the nearshore turbulence also known as “macrovortices”. ===2D turbulence===
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Coastal mud belt
  ...s 103: 99–121</ref>, possibly through enhanced deposition in areas where turbulence is suppressed by the presence of embryonic mud patches<ref>Murray, A.B. and
  24 KB (3,842 words) - 18:14, 13 January 2024
• Hydrodynamic numerical models of wave-structure interaction
  ...overtopping, additional processes such as trapped air in broken waves and turbulence, induced by local effects at the armour stones and breakwater cover layers, ...eaking, turbulence and generation of eddies in the fluid region as well as turbulence and friction within the porous material. Besides the problem of the scaling
  21 KB (3,036 words) - 16:03, 25 February 2023
• Waves and currents by X-band radar
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  12 KB (1,894 words) - 11:32, 25 January 2024
• Measuring instruments for coasts
  ..., ADV)]], [[light fields and optics in coastal waters]] and [[currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]). ...Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 23, p. 355-375.</ref>) concluded that the turbulence levels underneath their tripod was slightly increased. The bed-shear stress
  12 KB (1,782 words) - 11:43, 7 September 2020
• Acoustic monitoring of marine mammals
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  5 KB (788 words) - 11:38, 17 February 2024
• Measuring instruments for sediment transport
  ...respect to the bed form geometry (spatial variability) and on the near-bed turbulence structure (temporal variability).
  27 KB (3,920 words) - 22:17, 19 August 2020
• Measuring instruments for fluid velocity, pressure and wave height
  ...id pressure and wave height. For more information, see also [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]. * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  10 KB (1,442 words) - 20:14, 29 June 2019
• General principles of optical and acoustical instruments
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  9 KB (1,204 words) - 17:09, 26 October 2020
• Acoustic point sensors (ASTM, UHCM, ADV)
  ...on of settling velocity of the sediments involved. See also [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]].
  12 KB (1,685 words) - 16:25, 8 September 2020
• Acoustic backscatter profiling sensors (ABS)
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  22 KB (3,217 words) - 11:14, 9 September 2020
• Optical Laser diffraction instruments (LISST)
  ...ottom of the settling tube. After sampling, a few seconds are allowed for turbulence to break down before the doors are closed and the sample is allowed to sett
  9 KB (1,258 words) - 21:00, 29 June 2019
• Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods
  ...bulence. The inertial dissipation method can be used to calculate relevant turbulence parameters when ADVs are used for measurements. ...Y., Lueck, R.G., 1999. Using a broadband ADCP in a tidal channel. Part II: turbulence. ''Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology'' 16, 1568–1579.</ref>).
  22 KB (3,631 words) - 22:30, 25 October 2020
• Seawater density
  ...ere strong mixing occurs over the water column. Mixing is mainly caused by turbulence, which is generated by frictional shear stresses at the bottom and the wate ...t of the water column such that a pycnocline starts to develop. Damping of turbulence around the pycnocline furthers the settling process, which can eventually l
  9 KB (1,257 words) - 23:06, 22 February 2021
• Instruments and sensors to measure environmental parameters
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]
  7 KB (945 words) - 15:28, 3 September 2020
• Biodestabilization
  ...ments as a result of feeding, burrowing, active bio-resuspension, enhanced turbulence and scouring around rigid biological structures.}}
  369 bytes (43 words) - 18:14, 22 November 2007
• Suspended load
  ...part of the total sediment transport which is maintained in suspension by turbulence in the flowing water for considerable periods of time without contact with
  1 KB (125 words) - 21:57, 23 September 2018
• Bottle and trap samplers
  ...s unity. In flowing water the trapping efficiency depends on many factors: turbulence generated inside trap, trap geometry, concentration and fall velocity of pa
  13 KB (1,984 words) - 12:21, 12 August 2020
• Mariculture
  Reduced hydrodynamic flows are known to lead to reduced turbulence, which in turn tends to promote the blooming of dinoflagellate species, inc
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
• Ocean circulation
  ...ing of internal waves is believed to be a principal contributor to pelagic turbulence.
  17 KB (2,486 words) - 15:39, 3 May 2021
• Dispersion (pollutants)
  ...rsion is the overall mixing effect of all hydrodynamic processes including turbulence, flow circulations and gradients in current velocity. }}
  425 bytes (49 words) - 15:35, 28 March 2021
• Algal bloom dynamics
  ...this way these algae can outcompete non-motile species, especially in low-turbulence environments (Klausmeier and Litchman, 2001<ref>Klausmeier, C.A. and Litchm
  42 KB (6,475 words) - 18:18, 12 February 2024
• Marine Plankton
  ...chemical parameters including light, nutrients, density stratification and turbulence are major factors influencing spatial and temporal variations of phytoplank
  34 KB (5,059 words) - 17:27, 25 April 2024
• WiRAR - A marine radar wind sensor
  ...and installation height as well as of the effects due to platform-induced turbulence. With the preexisting installations of radar systems on marine structures,
  12 KB (1,837 words) - 17:53, 23 August 2020
• Artificial reefs
  ...ughness reduces the incident wave agitation above the reef, creating local turbulence and vortices. Usually they are made by steel, reinforced or pre-stressed co ...drag forces. They globally reduce cross-shore currents due to friction and turbulence. The consequent deposition of transported sediments within and around the p
  41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
• Use of X-band and HF radar in marine hydrography
  ...olate the current field in the vertical direction (See also [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]]). To avoid interferences, the alternating operation i
  36 KB (5,694 words) - 16:25, 28 January 2024
• Nearshore sandbars
  ...hore transport as it is loaded with sediment lifted from the seabed by the turbulence produced by wave breaking, especially for plunging breakers<ref>Zhang, D.P.
  24 KB (3,613 words) - 17:34, 14 November 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ...arriot ''et al.'' 2005). Patchiness may cause specific spatial patterns in turbulence and sedimentation (Boorman, 1999; van Wesenbeeck, ''et al.'', 2007), so tha
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Nepheloid layer
  ...and is a result of balance between gravitational settling of particles and turbulence of the current.
  1 KB (174 words) - 16:08, 27 July 2012
• Flocculation cohesive sediments
  ...igh concentration of suspended material and with a certain (low) degree of turbulence (often expressed as the turbulent shear rate <math>G</math>), dependent on ...ater]], when the coincidence of elevated concentration and low-to-moderate turbulence allows flocs to grow. The time scale for floc formation depends on concentr
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:17, 29 April 2024
• Coastal observation systems
  ...of the complex processes, especially the small-scale interactions between turbulence, micro-topography and biogeochemical exchange processes is still missing. High-resolution current profile (ADCP), turbulence, CTD, Eddy correlation, particle size (LISST), floc-cam, high-resolution so
  39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...region between the seaward limit of the breaker zone and the area of high turbulence created by the collision of the backrushing water mass and the incoming wav :# Random oscillatory flow (turbulence), whose length scales are between 10^-3 to 10¹ sec , a
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Dynamics of mud transport
  ...HC sand suspension layers, HC mud suspension layers usually exhibit strong turbulence damping (or even laminarization) and [[drag]] reduction. A well known examp ...arine turbidity maximum''' (ETM), is formed in [[Estuary|estuaries]]. The turbulence due to the interaction keeps particles in suspension, while large fresh wat
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Suspended load transport
  ...ansport layer''': Far enough from the bottom, i.e. in the outer layer, the turbulence is fully-developed and the concentrations are low, typically smaller than 0 ...ume data suggests that particles are also kept in suspension by additional turbulence generated in the wake of the particles, which respond slower to the turbule
  2 KB (288 words) - 17:49, 17 February 2024
• Diffusive transport
  |definition= the dispersion of particles from the streamlines as a result of turbulence. (Note that actual diffusion as a molecular process usually is negligible f
  246 bytes (35 words) - 11:11, 4 September 2012
• Scaling Issues in Hydraulic Modelling
  ...f the governing equations of motion, lack of information on wave breaking, turbulence or bottom friction, or numerous connected water channels. In these cases it ...2D or 3D influences, reflections; flow or wave generation techniques – turbulence intensity levels, linear wave theory approach; fluid properties, etc.) or m
  54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
• European coastal and marine observatories (2020)
  ...SPM concentration, and Particle Size Distribution (PSD), fluorescence and turbulence.
  47 KB (6,585 words) - 12:44, 8 September 2020
• Rocky shore habitat
  * Middle tide zone or mid-littoral zone. This is a [[currents and turbulence by acoustic methods|turbulent]] zone that is dried twice a day. The zone ex
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Seawater intrusion and mixing in estuaries
  ...of the density difference between seawater and river water on currents and turbulence (this influence is often termed 'buoyancy effects', see the article [[Estua
  48 KB (7,481 words) - 15:07, 2 July 2023
• Salt wedge estuaries
  ...ctice. The river discharge varies, the tide is not negligibly small, extra turbulence is caused by a non-uniform river geometry, by waves, wind and shipping. Num
  23 KB (3,588 words) - 17:48, 7 December 2022
• Estuarine circulation
  ...idge, J.H., Geyer, W.R., Bowen, M.M. and Williams, A.J. (1999) Near-bottom turbulence measurements in a partially mixed estuary: turbulent energy balance, veloci ...aged diffusivity. The role of tidal motion is reduced to the generation of turbulence at the channel bed, which produces turbulent eddies that exchange of mass a
  39 KB (5,906 words) - 23:22, 24 May 2023
• Coastal hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes and engineering
  * [[Currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]] - measurement method of currents * [[Wind driven currents]] – sea surface entrainment, turbulence, Ekman theory
  20 KB (2,422 words) - 12:26, 20 February 2024
• Bed roughness and friction factors in estuaries
  ...anks, irregularities of the bed (so-called “bedforms”), channel bends, turbulence, density currents, sediment transport, friction at the free surface, waves, ...coefficients <math>N_1, N_2 </math> should be calculated by an appropriate turbulence model, for example: constant eddy viscosity, mixing length model (diffusion
  11 KB (1,741 words) - 18:18, 4 February 2023
• Sediment transport formulas for the coastal environment
  set-up, set-down), breaking wave effects (turbulence, undertow), and topographic influence (mean slope and bed forms). Furthermo
  36 KB (5,680 words) - 17:54, 31 August 2022
• Physical processes and morphology of synchronous estuaries
  ...The predominance of mixing by vertical stirring driven via tidally-induced turbulence has long been recognised. More recently, the importance of incorporating th ...ment of particles depends on their size, density and the ambient regime of turbulence and chemical forces in the surrounding water. See also: [[Sediment depositi
  50 KB (7,345 words) - 17:09, 2 July 2020
• Sand-filled geosystems in coastal engineering
  ...as in rivers) to 2.0 (for strong turbulence) and higher (typically 3-4 for turbulence produced by propeller jets and other jets);
  33 KB (4,961 words) - 17:31, 20 May 2020
• Bedforms and roughness
  ...mm). They are probably generated by secondary flow phenomena and near-bed turbulence effects (burst-sweep cycle) in the lower and transitional flow regime. Thes ...characteristics of mini ripples are commonly assumed to be related to the turbulence characteristics near the bed (burst-sweep cycle). Current ripples have an a
  26 KB (4,021 words) - 12:32, 13 March 2023
• Sand transport
  ...the irregular motion of the particles through the water column induced by turbulence-induced drag forces on the particles. Detailed information is presented by ...ameters. The bed layer is considered as a layer in which the mixing due to turbulence is so small that it cannot influence the sediment particles, and therefore
  42 KB (6,585 words) - 21:05, 30 December 2023
• Sediment deposition and erosion processes
  ...cs as their diameter and density depend on particle concentration and flow turbulence. The basis of deposition and erosion is described in terms of commonly used ...ath>. Winterwerp<ref name=Win> Winterwerp, J.C. (1998). A simple model for turbulence induced flocculation of cohesive sediment, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 3
  63 KB (9,960 words) - 23:03, 28 April 2024
• Estuarine morphological modelling
  ...t the analytical level, in order to come up with parameterisations of e.g. turbulence or turbulent sediment transport in turbulent flow. Random-walk numerical si ...e behaviour of fines in the water column (flocculation, hindered settling, turbulence damping) and their buffering in and pick-up from the top layer of the botto
  36 KB (5,524 words) - 21:38, 28 June 2019
• Shelf sea exchange with the ocean
  ...th China Sea) and cause turbulence exceeding 10,000 times background ocean turbulence <ref> Alford MH, Peacock T, MacKinnon JA, Nash JD, Buijsman MC, Centurioni ...ves, especially at the coast. Circulation of water, and energy going into turbulence and mixing, all affect water properties and contents.
  34 KB (5,118 words) - 12:02, 29 June 2020
• Swash zone dynamics
  ...ects of the shallow flow in the swash zone than in the surf zone, and that turbulence and sediment transport in the swash zone is generated locally in the swash ...one sediment suspension and transport and the importance of bore-generated turbulence. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 105(C7): 17021-17044. </ref>.
  32 KB (4,942 words) - 12:58, 5 April 2021
• Shallow-water wave theory
  ...n waves, which are not greatly influenced by viscosity, surface tension or turbulence. ...wave energy is transmitted shorewards without loss due to bed friction or turbulence, then from Equation (8),
  86 KB (13,927 words) - 12:36, 3 May 2023
• Wave ripple formation
  ...who considered the Reynolds averaged momentum equations and used a simple turbulence model. They evaluated, in particular, the Reynolds stresses by using a cons ...ry flow over vortex ripples by using the Reynolds averaged equations and a turbulence model.
  38 KB (6,021 words) - 21:14, 3 July 2020
• Shoreface profile
  ...f>Aagaard, T., Hughes, M.G. and Ruessink, B.G. 2018. Field observations of turbulence, sand suspension and cross-shore transport under spilling and plunging brea ...of cross-shore breaker bar development utilizing a stabilized two-equation turbulence model. Coastal Engineering 180, 104269</ref>.
  59 KB (9,016 words) - 11:16, 19 April 2024
• Coastal and marine sediments
  ...here is mainly determined by the particle fall velocity, concentration and turbulence. Under energetic conditions only coarse grades may settle. The fall velocit ...ity on mud flocculation. Ocean Dynamics 59: 751–763</ref>. However, when turbulence is strong (the general case in estuaries), large flocs are broken up.
  56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
• Spatial and temporal scales in biogeomorphology
  ...Their effect can be accounted for by proper averaging procedures (e.g. for turbulence). Processes that act on a large scale may be treated as slowly varying or e
  6 KB (900 words) - 22:24, 1 July 2020
• Field Observation Techniques, State of the Art 2012
  ...l documented in the Coastal Wiki and covers measurements of [[currents and turbulence by acoustic methods]], [[waves and currents by X-band radar]], and the [[Us
  15 KB (2,177 words) - 13:39, 7 December 2023
• Nature-based shore protection
  ...creases vegetation patchiness which may cause specific spatial patterns in turbulence and sedimentation, so that the sum effect of patchiness on marsh coastal pr
  69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
• Biogeomorphology of coastal systems
  ...urface micro-relief that has a higher hydraulic roughness, which increases turbulence and increases the potential for erosion. Bioturbators also interact with bi
  15 KB (2,154 words) - 18:43, 7 March 2023
• Oil spill pollution impact and recovery
  ...icient with light, low viscosity oils. A minimum wave height and resulting turbulence are required for effective dispersion. On the other hand, too high waves ma
  32 KB (4,859 words) - 16:36, 15 February 2024
• Natural variability and change in coastal ecosystems
  At an even smaller scale, local patterns arise. The high turbulence, phytoplankton biomass and purely passive scalars such as temperature and s
  28 KB (4,152 words) - 12:34, 6 March 2022
• Tidal bore dynamics
  ...gy is dissipated by turbulent eddies<ref>Tu, J. and Fan, D. 2017. Flow and turbulence structure in a hypertidal estuary with the world's biggest tidal bore. Jour ...s of both bore front and the bore associated secondary waves. The injected turbulence enhances vertical mixing and upstream tidal advection of sediments.
  46 KB (6,918 words) - 13:06, 20 January 2024
• Estuarine turbidity maximum
  ...high. A strong ETM strengthens density stratification and thus suppresses turbulence and frictional damping of the tidal wave. The resulting increase in tidal a ...cation is auto-enhanced by positive feedback between sediment settling and turbulence damping at the [[pycnocline]]. This self-stratification can generate a [[fl
  24 KB (3,654 words) - 16:38, 12 January 2024
• Stability of rubble mound breakwaters and shore revetments
  ...ns with the structure (e.g. wave reflection, wave draw-down, generation of turbulence) may result in scour of the bed or beach
  53 KB (8,270 words) - 18:27, 26 March 2024
• The backbarrier tidal flats in the southern North Sea - A multidisciplinary approach to reveal the main driving forces shaping the system
  ...important processes, e.g. the vertical overturning, wind- and wave-induced turbulence, drying and flooding, has been developed.<br> ...ation of SPM is not only controlled by changes in the individual levels of turbulence and advection, but also by the correlation between the two. Such situations
  22 KB (3,418 words) - 22:48, 2 July 2023
• River tides
  ...rope. Deepening and smoothing the fairway, removing sills, beams and other turbulence-creating bedforms reduces frictional damping of the tidal wave. Frictional
  25 KB (4,110 words) - 15:21, 20 April 2024
• Oil sensitivity mapping
  ...icient with light, low viscosity oils. A minimum wave height and resulting turbulence are required for effective dispersion. On the other hand, too high waves ma
  11 KB (1,656 words) - 18:48, 6 February 2024