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• Wave energy converters in coastal structures
  [[Image:Construction_of_a_coastal_structure.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Fig 1: A coastal structure under construction.]] ...e designed to withstand. This will be the case, in particular, for all the structures built in shallow water where the depth imposes the maximal amplitude becaus
  20 KB (3,003 words) - 15:51, 25 February 2023
• Hard coastal protection structures
  ...sk reduction of coastal erosion in the People's Republic of China. Ocean & Coastal Management 103: 134-145</ref> ...wick and Fleming (2018)<ref> Reeve, D., Chadwick, A. and Fleming, C. 2018. Coastal Engineering: Processes, Theory and Design, Practice 3rd Edition. CRC press,
  15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
• Ecological enhancement of coastal protection structures
  ...n of ecosystems that reinforce the shore protection function of artificial structures. Examples discussed in this article are ecological enhancement with reef bu ...coastal stretches around the world have been armored with hard protection structures. For example, 14% of the United States coastline (Popkin, 2015<ref>Popkin,
  16 KB (2,325 words) - 21:09, 31 March 2024

Page text matches

• Groynes
  ...uctures]] which aim to [[coastal protection|protect]] the shoreline from [[coastal erosion]]. A more detailed treatment of the effects of groynes is given in ...es decreases and part of the beach is washed away (see [[Natural causes of coastal erosion]]).
  8 KB (1,248 words) - 17:16, 5 October 2021
• Port breakwaters and coastal erosion
  ...describes the impacts of breakwaters for three different types of ports on coastal [[erosion]]. The discussed ports are examples of ports in an "isolated envi The analysis of the effects of the port breakwaters on [[coast erosion|coastal erosion]] cannot be approached without replacing the structure in its whole
  7 KB (1,098 words) - 16:44, 5 July 2020
• Detached shore parallel breakwaters
  This article describes a specific type of coastal defence. Detached shore parallel breakwaters are an example of an "artifici ...intenance and lifetime service as well as the rebuilding or dismantling of structures when their lifetime is over.
  6 KB (878 words) - 20:33, 4 July 2020
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...tly used in the Coastal Wiki. The focus is on terms related to '''physical coastal processes and engineering'''. A complementary list of definitions related t ...tions are based on the related Coastal Wiki articles. Terms related to the coastal profile are illustrated in the figure below.
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes
  ...r processes, that come about from [[Tidal wave|waves]] transforming over a coastal profile and generating wave set up and [[Longshore current|longshore curren ...rs for the description of the sediment transport along a shoreline or in a coastal area are therefore the following:
  29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
• Natural causes of coastal erosion
  ...Erosion due to human interventions is described in e.g. [[Human causes of coastal erosion]]. Most of the content of this article is drawn from Mangor et al. ...ical concept, it can be very useful in practice for analysing and managing coastal erosion processes.
  14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...lternating phases of erosion and accretion. [[Definitions of coastal terms#Coastal erosion|Structural erosion or accretion]] can only happen in response to st ...nds of human interventions may affect coastal erosion. [[Natural causes of coastal erosion]] are discussed in another article. Most of the content of this art
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Detached breakwaters
  ...rs and other special type breakwaters. Different aspects of breakwaters as coastal protection are discussed, as well as their impacts on shoreline evolution. *Distance from shoreline and location relative to the [[Definitions of coastal terms#Breaker zone or Surf zone|surf zone]]
  31 KB (4,715 words) - 23:55, 30 March 2024
• Dune stabilisation
  [[Dune]]s are a natural coastal feature on moderately exposed and exposed coasts. [[Dune]]s are formed by t ...wave and storm surge attack and at the same time it preserves the natural coastal landscape, if performed moderately. Dune stabilisation requires a planned a
  9 KB (1,306 words) - 19:25, 1 August 2023
• Seawall
  ...tion and storm surge, such as flooding. Seawalls are normally very massive structures because they are designed to resist the full force of waves and storm surge [[Image:Seawall structures.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Fig. 1. Examples of seawall structures.]]
  3 KB (523 words) - 13:06, 30 December 2022
• Emergency Protection
  ...he emergency protection is installed in order to prevent further damage to coastal installations. "Unexpected" can have different causes as discussed in the f ...despite the fact that it could have been foreseen if proper monitoring and coastal investigations had been practised
  2 KB (355 words) - 12:09, 16 September 2020
• Shore nourishment
  ...of coastal nourishments requires insight into the processes that shape the coastal profile. For an introduction to these processes, the reader is referred to ...ource (borrow area) at a sufficient distance from the project area so that coastal hydrodynamics remain unaffected.
  12 KB (1,875 words) - 15:32, 23 July 2023
• Perched beaches
  ...here the natural beach has become too narrow and low due to erosion of the coastal profile, see Fig. 1. Restoring an equilibrium [[shoreface profile|coastal profile]] requires sand fill (artificial nourishment) of the subtidal beach
  4 KB (628 words) - 18:42, 22 January 2024
• Coves - artificial formation and use
  ...ccur naturally (between to headlands) or artificially (between two coastal structures) and has specific functional characteristics. The [[cove]] concept is simi ...artificial pocket beaches will begin to form by themselves as soon as the structures have been built, however it is recommended to include initial beach fill in
  4 KB (646 words) - 17:40, 18 January 2022
• Waves
  The short waves are the single most important parameter in coastal morphology. Wave conditions vary considerably from site to site, depending ...so referred to as short-crested. Wind waves tend to be destructive for the coastal profile because they generate an offshore (as opposed to onshore) movement
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
• Wave transformation
  ...rs in [[deep water]] when the waves are too steep. If the waves meet major structures or abrupt changes in the coastline, they will be transformed by diffraction ...n is the process by which the waves propagate into the lee zone behind the structures by energy transmittance laterally along the wave crests.
  6 KB (1,006 words) - 13:44, 22 February 2024
• Currents
  The various types of currents in the sea, which may be important to coastal processes in one way or another, are described in the following. ==Currents in coastal seas==
  14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
• Beach park
  ...on= A scheme which consists of new artificial beaches, stabilising coastal structures and filling/reclamation, which in combination provides new recreational fac
  471 bytes (60 words) - 09:54, 15 February 2007
• Closure depth
  ...., Larson, M. and Wise, R. A. 1998. Depth of Closure in Beach-fill Design. Coastal Engineering Technical Note CETN II-40, 3/98, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways E ...|right|thumb|450px|caption |Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the active coastal zone for a dune coast and cross-shore sand redistribution for alternating s
  23 KB (3,596 words) - 12:03, 24 April 2024
• Coast protection
  ...g the [[coast]] from [[erosion]] and [[coastline]] retreat, from damage to coastal settlements and from flooding of the hinterland. ...y, J.P. (2004) 'Coastal squeeze' - an historical perspective. ''Journal of Coastal Conservation'', '''10/1-2''', 129-138.</ref>). See also the article [[Natur
  1 KB (169 words) - 17:59, 7 March 2023
• Sea defence
  |definition= Measures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge an ...e plants and animals occurring there.See also the article [[threats to the coastal zone]].
  1 KB (159 words) - 19:21, 9 February 2019
• Rip current
  Boundary rips are related to the presence of hard topographic structures (headlands, groynes, jetties) that locally shield the beach from obliquely ...ffshore structures - natural seabed structures or manmade structures. Such structures produce a longshore modulation of wave energy in the breaker zone by shield
  8 KB (1,278 words) - 10:16, 3 July 2022
• Sea level rise
  ...m average sea-level rise relative to the local land level, as derived from coastal tide gauges. }} ...s the rising trend averaged over longer periods, which is observed at many coastal stations since more than a century. Global warming due to human emissions o
  41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
• Shoreline management
  ...tion=The act of dealing – in a planned way – with actual and potential coastal erosion and its relation to planned or existing development activities on t #To ensure the development activities in the coastal area follow an overall land use plan and a general environmental policy
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Applicability of detached breakwaters
  ==Applicability for different coastal types== ...will eventually collapse if their sea sides are not strengthened, whereas coastal breakwaters constructed at a distance greater than say <math>x^* > 1.2</mat
  8 KB (1,250 words) - 15:00, 4 October 2021
• Groynes as shore protection
  ...t of groynes depends on the type of coast, especially the [[Definitions of coastal terms#littoral drift|littoral drift]]. We distinguish four types of coast ( ...ight at the landward end is not lower than the top of the [[Definitions of coastal terms#Backshore|backshore]]. The height of the groyne further seawards can
  21 KB (3,352 words) - 17:17, 5 October 2021
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...from human activities and pressures. It discusses generic modifications to coastal [[ecosystem]]s in relation to specific human activities and introduces the ...re and acidity and the increase of the estimated cumulative impact for the coastal zones was estimated to be due for more than 80% to increasing sea surface t
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  Coastal and estuarine [[ecosystem]]s have been, and still are, heavily influenced b ...m industry and agriculture, etc.) are considered. The sensitivity of the [[coastal zone]] to watershed impacts is examined in relation to land-derived polluti
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Economic valuation of goods and services of the UK coastal and marine ecosystem
  ...sible. Estimating the [[Total Economic Value|total economic value]] of the coastal ecosystem in monetary terms can prevent overexploitation and environmental ...he methods used for the valuation of goods and services provided by the UK coastal and marine ecosystem.
  9 KB (1,305 words) - 13:08, 4 March 2024
• How to apply models
  ...s where proper analysis and modelling have formed the basis for successful coastal projects. ...d that the planning of a coastal development scheme includes the following coastal engineering disciplines:
  18 KB (2,697 words) - 11:29, 20 February 2024
• The Aarhus Convention
  ...regarding access to information and justice as well as to decision-making structures through public participation. ...and human health and safety, conditions of life, cultural sites and built structures, to the extent that these are or may be affected by the aforementioned elem
  7 KB (1,101 words) - 21:34, 11 July 2020
• Piers and trestles
  ...g place for vessels, as a recreation facility, as a measuring facility for coastal processes or as a part of [[Sand by-pass systems|sand by-pass facility]]. F ==Possible impact on coastal processes==
  1 KB (217 words) - 16:37, 5 July 2020
• Sea dikes
  :[[Hard coastal protection structures]] :[[Ecological enhancement of coastal protection structures]]
  653 bytes (80 words) - 22:35, 4 July 2023
• Biotopes and classification systems
  ...en classification and mapping works of the littoral and upper sub-littoral coastal zone of the Great Britain and Ireland began. ...in space and time and lead to an explanation of macroscopic properties of coastal [[ecosystems]] (i.e. [[Nutrient conversion in the marine environment|nutrie
  17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
• Water Framework Directive
  ...ramework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater which:</P> ...to the freshwater, but also covers the coastal and transitional waters. In coastal areas, the WFD is in force up to one nautical mile from the territorial bas
  12 KB (1,701 words) - 17:38, 3 September 2020
• Oil spill monitoring
  ...ft|300px|Fig. 1. Aerial image of an oil slick. Photo credit The Norwegian Coastal Administration/NOFO/Sundt Air.]] ...ral Network. Remote Sens. 13, 3203</ref>, [[Artificial Neural Networks and coastal applications|convolutional neural network]] <ref>Fan, Y., Rui, X.; Zhang, G
  12 KB (1,825 words) - 22:46, 9 February 2024
• Risk and coastal zone policy: example from the Netherlands
  ...e Netherlands is further elaborated and after that a brief overview of the Coastal zone policy in the Netherlands is given. ...y of occurrence. The level of the flood defence also on the value in the [[coastal hinterland|hinterland]]. Besides the design level, a probability of failure
  14 KB (2,223 words) - 20:01, 18 September 2023
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...zones of [[pollutant]]s have been found along coastal regions far from the coastal source, and noticeable impacts have been detected even in deep sea regions. ...his is not the case for the widespread run-off of water-sand mixtures from coastal inlets, the latter being largely influenced by transport phenomena. <ref na
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...Blue Carbon’ refers to the carbon sequestered by the world’s ocean or coastal vegetated ecosystems. }} ...he 19th century<ref>Li, X., Bellerby, R., Craft, C. and Widney, S.E. 2018. Coastal wetland loss, consequences, and challenges for restoration. Anthropocene Co
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Hydrodynamic numerical models of wave-structure interaction
  ...esulting from [[wave overtopping]] and wave penetration through the porous structures, wave diffraction, run-up and wave breaking. Focusing on overtopping, addit ...e last decades in the numerical modelling of wave interaction with coastal structures to overcome these limitations. Nonlinear Shallow Water (NSW), Boussinesq-ty
  21 KB (3,036 words) - 16:03, 25 February 2023
• Nutrient conversion in the marine environment
  ...ndwater discharge insignificant for the world’s oceans but important for coastal ecosystems. Nature Commun. 11, 1260</ref>. Atmospheric deposition contribut ...ation. Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 108</ref>. Nitrogen fixation also occurs in the coastal zone, especially in benthic ecosystems, adding about 15 Tg N / yr to the gl
  26 KB (3,923 words) - 20:02, 4 August 2023
• Argus applications
  ...g system]]. For definitions of used terminology, see also [[definitions of coastal terms]]. ...coastal management and engineering involves the quantification of relevant coastal state information from video data. Sophisticated, operational video analysi
  10 KB (1,502 words) - 21:31, 10 August 2020
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...ds relevant to risk sources related to marine activities and to marine and coastal [[ecosystems]] as potential receptor. ...ment being replaced by modern items, degradation of existing equipment and structures, changes in management systems, changes in operating conditions, etc. These
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• Case study risk analysis of marine activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...stuary and the Zeebrugge port (Scheur). The remaining routes are sailed by coastal vessels and ferries. The BPNS includes one anchorage area, located at the W * powered ship collisions with fixed marine structures such as platforms or wind turbines
  17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
• Dune erosion
  ...ology 276: 100–104</ref>, see also the article [[Dune development]]. The coastal dune belt in many cases protects low-lying hinterland from flooding by the ...places<ref>Den Heijer, C. 2013. The role of bathymetry, wave obliquity and coastal curvature in dune erosion prediction. PhD Thesis, Delft University</ref>.
  42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
• Reduction of uncertainties through Data Model Integration (DMI)
  ...on-linear models. Recent examples of applications in surface hydrology and coastal hydrodynamics are given by El Serafy et al., 2005<ref>El Serafy, G.Y., Gerr ...n of water loads in drainage systems, forecasting and control of hydraulic structures such as sluices, weirs or barriers, can be mentioned as relevant applicatio
  22 KB (3,245 words) - 17:54, 2 July 2020
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...rlying processes and the importance of submarine groundwater discharge for coastal zone management. SGD is the discharge of groundwater going directly into t ...fresh groundwater and seawater, see [[Groundwater management in low-lying coastal zones]]. The processes are shown schematically in Figures 1a and 1b.
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Guidelines for selection of sediment transport samplers
  ...1 of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]] <ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurement #*rivers, estuaries, coastal seas;
  6 KB (807 words) - 14:38, 19 August 2020
• Measuring instruments for coasts
  ...4 of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]<ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurements ...available for measuring suspended sediment concentrations and transport in coastal environments are: mechanical traps (streamer traps in shallow surf zone <1
  12 KB (1,782 words) - 11:43, 7 September 2020
• Introduction, problems and approaches in sediment transport measurements
  ...r of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]<ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurements ==Sedimentation and erosion problems in rivers, estuaries and coastal seas==
  6 KB (862 words) - 17:15, 19 August 2020
• Definitions, processes and models in morphology
  ...2 of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]<ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurements See [[Coastal and marine sediments]] for further information.
  11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
• The Capacity Building Concept
  ...Report on the Consultative Meeting on Training in Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Areas for Sustainable Development, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, 21- * Organizational development, the elaboration of management structures, processes and procedures, not only within organizations but also the manag
  10 KB (1,426 words) - 15:36, 4 October 2021
• Informal Capacity Building
  ...structures and networks which allow access to information on [[Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)]] and builds understanding of ICZM in [[stakeholders These structures and networks also create significant extra capacity for knowledge increase
  6 KB (774 words) - 18:31, 21 February 2024
• Greek case studies: The implications of the expected sea level rise on the low lying areas of continental Greece in the next century
  ...tural hazard that is expected to influence on a global scale the earth’s coastal zones in the near future, is the increased rate of sea level rise caused by ...e specific economic and social implications of the land use pattern of the coastal zones such as farmland, salt pans, fisheries, tourist installations, airpor
  6 KB (955 words) - 12:47, 31 July 2020
• Development of a geographical dictionary in the context of NOKIS
  ...eport, BAW Hamburg.</ref>). In the meantime, fourteen departments from the coastal German Federal States and central government are involved. The German Feder ..., C., Sellerhoff, F. & H.-C. Reimers (2006b) ''Managing Information in the Coastal Zone''. Proc. 7th Intl. Conf. Hydro-Science and -Engineering, Philadelphia,
  29 KB (4,440 words) - 23:52, 28 July 2019
• Capacity building
  * Organizational development, the elaboration of management structures, processes and procedures, not only within organizations but also the manag ..., abilities, skills and behaviour of individuals and improve institutional structures and processes such that the organization can efficiently meet its mission a
  5 KB (700 words) - 15:32, 4 October 2021
• Coastal management
  {{Definition|title=coastal management ...rated coastal zone management]], both stressing the interrelated nature of coastal [[ecosystems]] with each other and the cross-cutting implications of human
  2 KB (294 words) - 12:49, 8 October 2021
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  {{Definition|title=Integrated Coastal Zone Management ...1993. Essential elements of integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21:81-108</ref>.
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ...“''terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis''”, or the range of coastal weapons. The range of canonballs was then about 3 nautical miles or 5.5 kil ...tinguishes between different areas in the sea. The old distinction between coastal zone where countries could claim their sovereignty and high seas where the
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Estuary
  ...ides and a prominent system of channels and shoals (open bays and enclosed coastal seas such as the Bohai Sea or North Sea therefore do not qualify as estuari * drowned coastal valleys;
  4 KB (540 words) - 13:40, 20 January 2024
• Floating breakwaters
  ...water-level. Floating breakwaters are seldom used as shoreline protection structures because they are not suitable for installation in the open sea. ...e=MC>McCartney, B. 1985. Floating breakwater design, J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 111: 304-318</ref>:
  16 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
• Mediterranean Sea and Region, including Adriatic Sea
  ...f these regions and local communities may depend on the maintenance of the coastal and marine [[ecosystem]]s that tourism activity and other activities such a ...jellyfish offshore. The predominance of jellyfish and [[algal bloom]]s in coastal waters and adjacent to beaches also reduces the attractiveness of tourism f
  11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
• Optical backscatter point sensor (OBS)
  ...2 of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]<ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurements ...Response of OBS to mixed grain size suspensions during Sandy Duck’97. ''Coastal Sediment Conference 99'', ASCE, New York. pp. 297-312.</ref>) show that the
  11 KB (1,594 words) - 11:42, 20 August 2020
• Application of data loggers to seabirds
  ...us to monitor the environment. Such a monitoring may focus at hydrographic structures but also at biological properties such as feeding hot-spots and productivit [[Category:Coastal and marine observation and monitoring]]
  5 KB (752 words) - 17:27, 10 August 2020
• Wavelet analysis of coastal processes
  ...near perturbations both in space (e.g., presence of geological sedimentary structures) and in time (e.g., occurrence of extreme storms). In this case no good re ==Application in coastal bathymetry studies==
  20 KB (3,180 words) - 15:59, 6 October 2023
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...rt to the European Parliament and the Council: An evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe; Communication from the Commission, COM(20 ...ches and strategies to increase regional and local governance capacity for coastal and ocean resource management, including technical capacity and financial r
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Light revetments built-in into artificial dunes
  ...t|shore nourishments]]. The article considers the construction of built-in structures in artificial dunes and presents experiences from Poland. ...Maritime Offices (in Gdynia, Słupsk and Szczecin) has the Inspectorate of Coastal Protection, responsible for defence measures undertaken at individual shore
  4 KB (532 words) - 13:45, 16 February 2024
• Structural erosion
  {{Definition|title=Structural coastal erosion, also called 'ongoing coastal erosion' ...stal erosion, see [[Natural causes of coastal erosion]] and [[Dealing with coastal erosion]].
  1 KB (151 words) - 16:53, 27 March 2021
• Seawalls and revetments
  ...of a seawall or revetment might be used to resolve well-defined real life coastal engineering problems. It also discusses why they cannot be used as a soluti Seawalls or revetments are shore parallel structures at the transition between the low-lying (sandy) beach and the (higher) main
  13 KB (2,089 words) - 20:07, 18 September 2023
• Functional diversity in marine ecosystems
  ...ological niche. Species sharing an ecological niche generally have similar structures in order to achieve the greatest amount of fitness. This refers for example Sub-categories described in the Coastal Wiki are:
  11 KB (1,570 words) - 12:30, 4 March 2024
• Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity
  ...C.J.M. (ed.) (2007). Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' European Science Foundation, Marine Boa ...C.J.M. (ed.) (2007). Impacts of climate change on the European marine and coastal environment: ecosystems approach.'' European Science Foundation, Marine Boa
  16 KB (2,428 words) - 13:04, 21 February 2024
• Sampling tools for the marine environment
  ...of cylindrical or cone-shaped netting bags mounted on rings or other rigid structures. It has wings or leaders which guide the fish towards the entrance of the b [[Category:Coastal and marine observation and monitoring]]
  21 KB (3,409 words) - 22:24, 20 August 2020
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  Any policy of [[coastal zone]] protection and land use planning would benefit from a better idea of ...coast. The latter are divided into people that visit the coast or live in coastal areas but not in close proximity to the sea, and people that want to see th
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Biofouling
  ...e accumulation of micro-organisms, plants, algae, and animals on submerged structures e.g., measuring sensors or ships' hulls. If biofouling occurs on the surfac : [[European coastal and marine observatories (2020)]]
  662 bytes (79 words) - 22:20, 26 October 2022
• Cove
  |definition= A cove is a pocket beach suspended between two oblique coastal structures.}}
  236 bytes (33 words) - 16:05, 11 December 2007
• Mangroves
  ...tal Engineering 94: 47–62</ref>). Mangals therefore fulfill an important coastal protection function. ...ation based on zonation, species and carbon projection schemes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 293, 108477</ref>.
  42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
• Coastal squeeze
  {{Definition|title=Coastal squeeze ...ise<ref>Pontee, N. 2013. Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion. Ocean and Coastal Management 84: 204-207</ref>}}
  7 KB (1,034 words) - 13:09, 6 March 2022
• Typical examples of structural erosion
  # coastal [[erosion]] due to changes in river characteristics. ...ur in this discussion. For understanding the morphological response of the coastal system to the construction of the breakwaters, it makes sense to make a dis
  8 KB (1,293 words) - 20:50, 31 March 2021
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...utions. For definitions of coastal terms, see the article [[definitions of coastal terms]]. For information on different types of nourishment, see [[shore nou ===Type of coastal erosion===
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Informal capacity building definition
  ...of structures and networks which allow access to information on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and builds understanding of ICZM in stakeholders who These structures and networks also create significant extra capacity for knowledge increase
  934 bytes (124 words) - 16:23, 11 July 2020
• Shoreline protection
  ...es aiming at protecting, preserving or restoring the shore and the dynamic coastal landscape as well as protecting against coastline retreat to the extent pos ...ventions|Soft coastal interventions]] and [[:Category:Hard structures|Hard structures]].
  750 bytes (96 words) - 17:28, 3 September 2020
• Public participation legislation
  ...and human health and safety, conditions of life, cultural sites and built structures, to the extent that these are or may be affected by the aforementioned elem ...ation and governance in coastal management|Participation and governance in coastal management]].
  17 KB (2,514 words) - 15:57, 17 February 2024
• Bulkheads
  ...retain fill at locations with only limited wave action, and not to resist coastal erosion. A bulkhead must, of course, be designed to resist erosion caused b [[Category:Coastal protection]]
  2 KB (305 words) - 12:17, 16 September 2020
• Revetments
  ...as sloping structures and are often constructed as permeable rubble mound structures using natural stones or concrete blocks. Rubble mound armoring enhances wav ...consist of sand-filled geotextile fabric bags, mattresses and tubes. Such structures must be protected against UV-light to avoid weathering of the fabric. Sand-
  6 KB (972 words) - 23:01, 26 March 2024
• Coastal protection
  {{ Definition| title = Coastal protection ...d the dynamic coastal landscape. Coastal protection often consists of hard structures such as revetments, [[#Breakwater|breakwaters]] or [[#Groyne|groynes]].}}
  2 KB (249 words) - 18:20, 7 March 2023
• Continental shelf habitat
  ...Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15 (4): 831-844</ref>). Larvae of [[benthic]] coastal animals that are capable of swimming are abundant in the neritic waters. A ...ituation, see the articles [[Characteristics of sedimentary shores]] and [[Coastal and marine sediments]].
  11 KB (1,602 words) - 18:32, 22 February 2021
• European Context of Nutrient Dynamics
  ...and fluxes have been established at the local (major rivers) and regional (coastal seas) scales across Europe. Two examples are provided below: (1) a N budget ...name="Jickells 1998">Jickells T.D. (1998), Nutrient Biogeochemistry of the Coastal Zone, Science, 281 217 – 222</ref>. Figure 2 shows the spatial distributi
  8 KB (1,173 words) - 11:43, 4 February 2021
• Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangroves
  ...include the filtering and trapping of pollutants and the stabilization of coastal land by trapping sediment and protection against storm damage. Also, mangro ...boundary of the mangrove, such as seawalls and other shoreline protection structures, some sites will revert to a narrow mangrove fringe or experience extirpati
  15 KB (2,216 words) - 16:51, 3 September 2020
• Mariculture
  ...ethods that take place in salty and brackish water that is situated in the coastal zone (CBD, 2004<ref name="CBD">Secretariat of the Convention on Biological ...mation. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0461en </ref>. The figures include coastal aquaculture.
  46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
• Current status of public participation in ICZM
  # Is there a common vision for the future of the coastal zone in your country? If yes, were all stakeholders actively involved in cr '''Public awareness of ICM and coastal issues'''
  93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...y production]] is required to sustain fisheries in many intensively fished coastal ecosystems. ...g, are considered among the major causes of physical destruction of marine coastal habitats at global scales. It is estimated that about 75% of the global con
  33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
• Economic Value
  ...he contribution of something to a condition of state of the system” then structures and functions of natural systems, by definition, have value. For instance t :[[Values of amenities in coastal zones]]
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 21:07, 2 March 2024
• Monitoring coastal morphodynamics using high-precision multibeam technology
  Monitoring coastal morphodynamics is of importance when for example coastal erosion of accretion is present or protective measure are taken and the eff ...typical scales for the rearrangement of bed material? What types of seabed structures contribute most to the transport of the bed material? To what extent are mo
  11 KB (1,692 words) - 15:37, 20 September 2020
• Sand dune types - Europe
  ...nt for the latter, notably saltmarshes, sand dunes and shingle beaches and structures. The type of sedimentary structure that develops depends on its physical lo ...at occur along the coastline of Europe. It also shows the other functional coastal formations associated with sand dunes.
  4 KB (687 words) - 15:53, 6 September 2020
• Salt marshes
  ...ef>Doody, J.P. 2008. Saltmarsh Conservation, Management and Restoration''. Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, Volume 12, Springer, 217 pp. </ref>). Salt ...lance of a Megatidal Bay: Insight from Multiple LiDAR Datasets. Journal of Coastal Research SI 88: 61–76</ref><ref>Mariotti, G. and Fagherazzi, S. 2013. Cri
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
• Coral reefs
  ...t corals that live in shallow, cold waters. Corals are wave resistant rock structures, created by calcium carbonate secreting animals and plants. Coral reefs pro ...ry corals, some of the CWC (e.g. ''Lophelia pertusa'') form extensive reef structures, occasionally accumulating into large carbonate mounds, or bioherms (Cordes
  27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
• Tsunami
  ...of tsunamigenic seaquake scenarios can be established for each vulnerable coastal site, representing all possible earthquakes that may affect this particular ...ight and <math>\rho</math> the water density. When the tsunami reaches the coastal zone, the water depth decreases sharply as does the propagation speed <math
  28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
• Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism strategy
  ...cts. The article further provides recommendations for future management of coastal tourism. ==Specific situation of coastal areas==
  26 KB (3,689 words) - 17:28, 5 May 2023
• Diffraction
  ...ve transformation in shallow water. Design studies of breakwaters or other structures in nearshore waters make generally use of physical scale models or numerica A theoretical derivation of wave diffraction around simple structures in the ideal case of small shallow-water waves in areas of uniform depth (a
  3 KB (386 words) - 10:46, 18 September 2022
• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...s a full probabilistic analysis of the [[flood defences]] protecting the [[coastal hinterland|hinterland]] close to the village of St. Peter-Ording on the Eid ...ing at the German North Sea Coast combining failure probabilities of the [[coastal defence]] system with micro-scale socio-economic vulnerability analysis.
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• Polyfluorinated compounds - a new class of global pollutants in the coastal environment
  ...stal Research scientific studies are performed on the PFC-contamination of coastal waters, marine mammals and the atmosphere with emphasis on the mechanisms o About 350 polyfluorinated compounds of different chemical structures are known. The most discussed representatives of the PFC-group are the acid
  15 KB (2,151 words) - 13:08, 7 August 2020
• Topic:Engineering
  =Overview of Coastal Wiki articles related to engineering measures= * [[Hard coastal protection structures]]
  1 KB (121 words) - 12:22, 20 February 2024
• Disturbance prevention
  | definition = The dampening of environmental disturbances by biogenic structures<ref>Beaumont, N.J.; Austen, M.C.; Atkins, J.P.; Burdon, D.; Degraer, S.; De ...]]Living marine flora and fauna can play a valuable role in the defence of coastal regions i.e. [[disturbance prevention]]. Marine ecosystems and the presence
  2 KB (243 words) - 09:54, 24 July 2019
• Non-native species invasions
  ...s, breaking natural distribution boundaries and interfering with community structures. The unwanted hitchhikers are usually either well-hidden or too small to be For most coastal species the open ocean environment is inhospitable, preventing them from sp
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Principles of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats
  ...tion = Rehabilitation is the repair and replacement of essential ecosystem structures and functions in the context of ecoregional attainability in order to achie ...ments]] and organic matter, processing [[nutrients]], fertilising adjacent coastal waters and providing opportunities for [[leisure and recreation|recreation]
  23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
• Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Germany
  ...2 the recommendation ‘2002/413/EC’ to develop and implement Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe. All EU member states were requested to de ...r the priority of flood safety measures at the Dutch coast, at which other coastal interests have to follow by integrating them in flood safety measures. Ther
  14 KB (2,012 words) - 16:09, 24 August 2020
• Lessons learned from ICZM in Belgium, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom
  ...process in Germany still contains significant [[Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Germany#Result 1: Gaps of the German ICZM process ...in Germany in order to reduce or eliminate the [[Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Germany#Result 1: Gaps of the German ICZM process
  6 KB (846 words) - 16:13, 8 September 2020
• Lessons learned from three ICZM best-practice projects
  ...ified adequately how to execute ICZM at the regional and local level. Many coastal practitioners and stakeholders do not know how to initiate and maintain ICZ ...he implementation of integrated coastal zone management in Europe. Ocean & Coastal Management, 47(9-10): 449-462.</ref>; SPICOSA, 2007<ref>SPICOSA, 2007. WP3,
  10 KB (1,359 words) - 17:20, 7 September 2020
• ICZM-Best practice case study in the Oder estuary
  .... The Szczecin (Oder-) Lagoon. In: U. Schiewer (Editor), Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters, Ecological Studies, Vol. 197. Springer, Berlin, pp. 115-130.</ref>) ...terize the coastline. Due to its outstanding ecological value, most of the coastal area is under nature protection. A detailed description of the lagoon’s e
  11 KB (1,698 words) - 16:11, 24 August 2020
• ICZM-Best practice case study in Western Zeelandic-Flanders
  ...euwsch-Vlaanderen, OKRA Landschapsarchitecten, Utrecht, pp. 130.</ref> the coastal region today can be divided into two different areas. The North Sea coast ( ...jt et al., 2000<ref name="k1"/>). This process should be coupled to a safe coastal protection integrating the most important economic and social concerns (ibi
  11 KB (1,569 words) - 16:12, 24 August 2020
• Analysis of the ICZM process in The Netherlands
  ...lementation in the Netherlands’ to show “the extent to which the Dutch coastal zone is being managed in an integrated and sustainable way at the time of w ...ver possible and centralised only where necessary” (VROM, 2005). For the coastal zone as elsewhere, this means that a regional and local approach is to be t
  7 KB (1,104 words) - 22:27, 6 September 2020
• Accretion and erosion for different coastal types
  ...ent types of ports is also described in the article [[Port breakwaters and coastal erosion]]. ...ffer from erosion as a result of the port construction, or another similar coastal structure, unless [[shore nourishment]]/bypass is introduced.
  10 KB (1,662 words) - 18:11, 18 January 2022
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...ulnerable to sea level rise and extreme conditions at sea. The focus is on coastal cities in low-income countries which are exposed to the greatest risks. ...lysis and trends of the world's coastal cities and agglomerations. Ocean & Coastal Management 114; 11-20 </ref>. ]]
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Integrated Assessment
  ...astal area, an island, a region, or a system consisting of river basin and coastal area) aiming at an assessment of comprehensive sectorial or regional polici ...tation on very basic assumptions in order to make underlying argumentative structures evident and improve the quality of debate.
  12 KB (1,633 words) - 14:45, 31 July 2020
• Key priority ICZM capacity building related issues in Europe
  ...rly in view of the forthcoming implementation of major European marine and coastal related strategies and plans as well as the EU's encouragement for the deve ...sure that policy making and practice is based on sound science ([[European coastal and marine network organisations]])
  15 KB (2,235 words) - 12:00, 1 August 2020
• Human Capacity Building
  ...potentially, institutions which will significantly improve the practice of coastal management. ...e following states that: ICZM represents a new management paradigm for the coastal professionals and a new way of thinking for the scientists. Therefore, Huma
  5 KB (727 words) - 17:25, 28 August 2020
• US Coastal Zone Management Program
  ...n evaluated several times and found to be effective in addressing numerous coastal issues, many areas of US coastline continue to be degraded by population gr ...eds and coordinate the actions of local, state and federal agencies in the coastal zone.
  13 KB (1,909 words) - 10:16, 25 July 2020
• Species extinction
  * Reclamation of coastal wetlands (mangroves, salt marshes) for economic uses * [[Hard coastal protection structures|Coastal protection structures]]
  25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
• US Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Programs
  ...], undertaking [[Flood (overflow)| flood control]] projects and regulating coastal restoration projects. ...ble waters (suitable for the passage of vessels) of the United States. Its coastal management roles—e.g. navigation, erosion control, flooding and habitat r
  9 KB (1,363 words) - 09:56, 25 July 2020
• US Sea Grant College Program
  ...rogram for integrating across education, research and extension to address coastal and marine issues of local and national concern. Sea Grant, with its nation ...the program in 1971. This coincided with the establishment of the national coastal zone management program, with which Sea Grant has maintained a close partne
  10 KB (1,403 words) - 10:19, 25 July 2020
• International Network for Storm Surge Barrier Managers
  ...nd must always take into account. To protect people against floods, static structures like dams and dikes have been built. In the 20th century, society demanded [[Category:Coastal protection]]
  7 KB (981 words) - 14:53, 22 July 2019
• Marine Plankton
  ...onspicuous organisms; trees, herbs, bushes and grasses etc. They have root structures to take up water and nutrients from the soils beneath them, and also to pro ...ologia 65: 434—451</ref>. The oceans are mostly oligotrophic, while most coastal seas are eutrophic (Fig. 2).
  34 KB (5,059 words) - 17:27, 25 April 2024
• Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae
  lacking flagella (as well as centrioles and other structures typical of the flagellar ...H. & De Clerck (2007). Molecular systematics of red algae: building future structures of firm foundations. In Unravelling the algae: the past, present and future
  18 KB (2,692 words) - 22:17, 12 February 2024
• Meiofauna of Sandy Beaches
  ...ta, the ecological functions of permeable sands is not well represented in coastal management and monitoring programs, and public and policy makers are not aw ...r in the shelf. LOICZ Newsletter 25: 1-4</ref><ref>Huettel, M. et al 2003, Coastal sands as biocatalytical filters (COSA. Coastline 12(1): 8-11</ref>.
  22 KB (3,240 words) - 17:40, 30 December 2023
• Ecosystem function
  ...functions are conceived as a subset of ecological processes and ecosystem structures. }} ...tionships: The potential for practical monitoring applications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 161: 46-64</ref>.
  5 KB (662 words) - 18:28, 8 December 2020
• Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile
  ...a. Proceeding of the Second International Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment MEDCOAST. 95: 1389.1399.</ref>, fish farm effluents <ref>Delgad ...for growth. Leaves themselves can also absorb nutrients, and are the main structures for absorbing carbon dioxide CO2 from the water column. Leaf life span in P
  10 KB (1,588 words) - 12:12, 7 September 2020
• WiRAR - A marine radar wind sensor
  ...Dittmer, J. (1999). Use of nautical radar as a wave monitoring instrument. Coastal Engineering, 37 (3-4), 331-342.</ref>), while atmospheric stratification co ...turbulence. With the preexisting installations of radar systems on marine structures, harbours, platforms, and ships, the measurements can be acquired in a very
  12 KB (1,837 words) - 17:53, 23 August 2020
• Marine mammals' health as an indicator of ecosystem health - tools for monitoring
  ...nd protein expression of cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP). Protein structures, and the influence of metal and organic pollutants on these can be analysed ...mals and provide information about these animals used as indicators of the coastal ecosystem, monitored in support of the Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment
  14 KB (1,996 words) - 15:12, 6 September 2020
• Marine geo-information system for the North Sea seafloor
  Worldwide, the coastal zone has a dense population and coastal waters are often subject to different economic demands. Such activities as ...urrence of natural gas reservoirs in deeper geological strata, about fault structures which are possible conduits for the migration of fluids and gases, about th
  8 KB (1,224 words) - 15:26, 20 September 2020
• Sand dune - Country Report, Poland
  ...Conservation [EUDC]. The original inventory was presented to the European Coastal Conservation Conference, held in the Netherlands in November 1991. It attem ...stal Consultants and EUCC - The Coastal Union, in association with the IGU Coastal Commission.</ref>.
  33 KB (5,282 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2019
• Oyster reef shore protection
  Oyster reefs are an example of biogenic reefs. Biogenic reefs are structures built with ecosystem engineer species that sustain themselves with self-gen Oyster beds that were common in coastal waters in the past have largely disappeared<ref>Beck, M.W., Brumbaugh, R.D.
  8 KB (1,247 words) - 19:38, 31 March 2024
• MarBEF booklet summary
  ...bout_MarBEF#Theme_2:_What_structures_species_diversity.3F|identifying what structures the species diversity]] ...ed genetic technologies]] to study marine biodiversity and phylogeographic structures. Their results will be of use in improving the way fisheries are managed<re
  11 KB (1,571 words) - 13:22, 21 February 2024
• The Baltic Algae Watch System - a remote sensing application for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea
  ...surface forming dense accumulations. The blooms are formed into meandering structures or patches (Langmuir circulation) by winds and currents (see Fig. 1). ...a high presence of clouds <ref>B. Håkansson, "Satellite remote sensing of coastal oceans: water quality and algae blooms," Seas at the Millenium: An Environm
  25 KB (3,748 words) - 23:00, 21 August 2020
• Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta
  '''THE COASTAL LAGOON SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF THE CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBBEAN C ...rsität zu Kiel. Final paper for the module 3.1.2 Integrated Management of Coastal Zones
  24 KB (3,723 words) - 14:47, 3 August 2019
• Al Hoceima coast
  [[Image:Al_Hoceima_Coast1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Coastal erosion (Author: Mohamed El Andaloussi)]] <u>'''Main coastal issues'''</u>
  11 KB (1,586 words) - 12:49, 6 August 2019
• ICE’s Conferences on Coastal Zone Management
  ...s is the Coastal Management Conference, currently held every four years at coastal locations across the UK. The first conference was held in 1989 in Bournemou The ICE Coastal Management Conference series is recognised for its focus on current issues,
  4 KB (573 words) - 18:08, 15 October 2010
• The ICZM Process - a Roadmap towards Coastal Sustainability - Designing the Future
  ...the governance culture and the community's understanding and care for the coastal zone. ...consultation structures for the long-term, ultimately having impact on the coastal governance performance.
  4 KB (499 words) - 11:58, 25 July 2020
• Wave energy converters
  ...Zealand. Medium levels are located in equatorial waters, with the highest coastal resources of Northern Peru and Ecuador, although El-Nino may induce signifi ...l power by the wave–structure interaction between ocean waves and device structures (geometric optimization), (2) the transfer of mechanical power into electri
  62 KB (9,587 words) - 22:04, 7 May 2024
• Artificial reefs
  ...as site dependent factors are to be considered, design criteria for these structures are not easily defined a priori. ...., 2007. ''Environmental Design Guidelines for Low Crested Coastal Defence Structures'', Elsevier.</ref>). Un-corrected design of the structure by a wrong select
  41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
• Groundwater management in low-lying coastal zones
  ...jor issue in many low-lying coastal areas. This article focuses on shallow coastal [[aquifer]]s connected to the sea. ...ce available for human use. More than 50% of world’s population lives in coastal areas and is largely dependent on fresh groundwater resources for domestic,
  42 KB (6,275 words) - 21:00, 30 March 2023
• Overtopping resistant dikes
  ...e years of testing with the Wave Overtopping Simulator. In: Coasts, marine structures and breakwaters, Adapting to change 2: 460-473</ref>. ...en overflowing) of the dikes; failure started at the landward slope of the structures<ref>Gerritsen, H. 2005. What happened in 1953? The Big Flood in the Netherl
  19 KB (3,217 words) - 00:20, 9 March 2023
• Use of X-band and HF radar in marine hydrography
  ...H. 1964. Application of radars to wave observations. Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Coastal Engineering 30(1): 10-22</ref>) and Wright (1965<ref>Wright, W.F. 1965. Wav ...use of ground based X-band radar as tool for hydrographic observations. In coastal management the regional and local survey by ground based radar provides a v
  36 KB (5,694 words) - 16:25, 28 January 2024
• Governance of the ICZM Process
  '''It is important to note that the governance structures required for the ''preparation'' of the strategy, plan or programme will di [[Category:Participation and governance in coastal management]]
  4 KB (540 words) - 11:25, 25 July 2020
• Vision and Objectives
  ...c direction.''' The vision describes in simple terms the condition of the coastal area in the future, in a timespan of 10 to 30 years and even beyond, if the ...rn and future economic sectors; supporting the economic aspirations of the coastal community; providing a competitive asset to the local economy, high in natu
  5 KB (736 words) - 12:02, 25 July 2020
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management: analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad
  ==Analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad== ...al Management]] section and the subcategory [[Evaluation and assessment in Coastal Management]].
  20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
• Defining the governance context in a ICZM
  The '''objective''' of this task is to define the coastal governance baseline by informing stakeholders on the development of the str ...essed. It probes the fundamental goals and the institutional processes and structures that are the basis for planning and decision making.” (Olsen, S.B., G.G.
  5 KB (781 words) - 11:15, 25 July 2020
• Building the Evidence: Diagnostic Report for ICZM
  ...and employees in a coastal community may have a profound knowledge of the coastal system, and should be actively involved in the analysis in order to improve ...intangibles" - the assumptions, interests, beliefs, agendas and real power structures - that must be engaged in order to allow any real progress. The challenge i
  5 KB (756 words) - 17:16, 12 July 2020
• Deteriorated groynes
  ...ic Sea]], Poland, see Fig. 1, can serve as a reference case for studies on coastal segments protected by ageing and deteriorating groynes with or without addi ...osion in immediate down drift neighbourhood of the harbor. The response of coastal managers was the development of the studied groyne field in 1946 onwards. L
  25 KB (3,878 words) - 17:18, 3 September 2020
• Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability
  ...e= "OSPAR"/> depicting the distribution of the threatened and/or declining coastal and shelf habitats in Europe.]] Biogenic [[reef]]s can be described as hard compact structures created by the activity of living organisms. They do not share an uniform s
  26 KB (3,875 words) - 18:26, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of dunes
  ...ref>AAGARD T., ORFORD J., and MURRAY A.S., 2007. Environmental controls on coastal dune formation; Skallingen Spit, Denmark. ''Geomorphology''. '''83''', 29-4 ...long‐term progressive alteration (Carter, 1988<ref>CARTER R.W.G., 1988. Coastal environments. An introduction to the physical, ecological and cultural syst
  15 KB (2,195 words) - 12:23, 8 October 2021
• Shore protection vegetation
  ..., G.L. and Moore, C. 2019. The response of vegetated dunes to wave attack. Coastal Engineering 152, 103506 </ref>): ...R.A. 2016. Response of vegetated dune–beach systems to storm conditions. Coastal Engineering 109: 53–62</ref>). However, vegetation is usually not strong
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ...007). Spatial flow and sedimentation patterns within patches of epibenthic structures. ''Cont. Shelf Res.''. '''27(8)''': 1020-1045. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.200 ...Rapid Deterioration of a Salt Marsh in Venice Lagoon, Italy. ''Journal of Coastal Research''. '''14''', 583‐590.</ref>) .The estuaries of South‐East Engl
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Dynamics, threats and management of biogenic reefs
  Biogenic [[reef]]s can be described as hard compact structures created by the activity of living organisms <ref name= "Biogenic reef">[[Bi ...ttle on artificial substrates such as oil rigs and can form reefs on these structures. The byssus threads of adult ''M. modiolus'' provide a suitable substrate f
  69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Designing the Future
  ...tures for the long-term, post-plan period, ultimately having impact on the coastal governance performance. Solutions developed since the Stage 1.3. Defining t
  3 KB (393 words) - 22:15, 1 August 2019
• Gravel Beaches
  ...This is because such beaches are known to be an efficient form of natural coastal defence <ref name="powel 1990">Powell, K. A. (1990). Predicting short term |valign="top"|Sidmouth coastal defence scheme
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
• Wave energy converters in coastal structures
  [[Image:Construction_of_a_coastal_structure.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Fig 1: A coastal structure under construction.]] ...e designed to withstand. This will be the case, in particular, for all the structures built in shallow water where the depth imposes the maximal amplitude becaus
  20 KB (3,003 words) - 15:51, 25 February 2023
• Cultural heritage
  == Cultural heritage in coastal zones== ...special issues connected to Cultural Heritage in the context of integrated coastal zone management
  17 KB (2,560 words) - 21:44, 6 September 2020
• Sand by-pass systems
  The coastal processes as meant in Figs.1 and 2 occurred without human involvements for ...uation where infrastructure like roads and buildings has been built in the coastal area. Often the river mouth is also used for navigation. The ever changing
  15 KB (2,517 words) - 18:13, 18 January 2022
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...out to improve the representation of tides, waves, currents, and surge in coastal waters. <br> ...s. Phenomena, concepts and insights are presented briefly and modelling of coastal hydrodynamics using physical, numerical and composite models is described.
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Dynamics of mud transport
  ...isma, D. et al. (1997). Intertidal Deposits: River Mouths, Tidal Flats and Coastal Lagoons. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL), 525 pp. </ref>. In order to understand the dynamics of mud in coastal environments, it is necessary to properly define mud and its properties, in
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Scaling Issues in Hydraulic Modelling
  ...lling. There is also little public awareness of the physics behind several coastal processes and physical modelling can help in describing and illustrating th ...situations. Especially due to [[climate change]] and the demand for bigger structures located at higher depths, more accurate design formulations are needed and
  54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
• Wave overtopping
  ...=E18>EurOtop, 2018. Manual on wave overtopping of sea defences and related structures. An overtopping manual largely based on European research, but for worldwid ...s and crest width in overtopping of rubble mound structures along EurOtop. Coastal Engineering 176, 104152</ref>). The general form of the wave overtopping di
  7 KB (1,059 words) - 17:19, 24 January 2024
• ICZM training and capacity building: important links
  ...stal sciences institutes to strengthen scientific, legal and institutional structures. Much regard is given to Africa as well as tropical and small island develo * [https://paprac.org/ The Coastal Management Centre (PAP/RAC)]
  8 KB (1,124 words) - 22:42, 18 February 2024
• Past EU-funded coastal research projects
  List of coastal and marine projects funded by the European Commsission in the period 1998-2 * [[MAXWAVE]] Extreme waves - forecast adn impact on marine structures
  7 KB (873 words) - 11:50, 17 February 2024
• Greek case studies: Geomorphological changes on the coastal area of the Inner Thermaikos Gulf over the past 150 years
  ...he article [[Greek case studies: Long term geomorphological changes in the coastal zone of the Thermaikos Gulf, Salonika Region, North Greece]]. From the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century, the coastal system of the Gulf evolved naturally. A net marine sediment supply of some
  6 KB (867 words) - 09:59, 2 July 2020
• Marine Biotechnology international regional infrastructures summary
  ...so involve international collaborations such as the ASEAN-Australia Living Coastal Resources project, and 2012 is also the ASEAN-EU year of Science, Technolog ...Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems), which has an Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures programme providing real-time information on reef biodiversity <ref name="e
  19 KB (2,772 words) - 09:56, 10 August 2019
• Threats to Coral Reefs: the Effects of Chemical Pollution
  ...ened by human activities. These include the effects of [[climate change]], coastal development, marine-based and inland [[pollution]], and overexploitation. ...rowth form, including excessive sclerite production to form granuloma-like structures, and [[coral bleaching|bleaching]]. Bleaching is caused by loss of zooxanth
  20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:27, 7 October 2022
• GIFS activity 1.2: Case study Arnemuiden
  ...00%">'''<small>Arnemuiden (the Netherlands): If and how coastal governance structures can actually support Inshore Fisheries (and the economics related to that)< ...in the northern part of the country. Along the coast line, there are five coastal provinces (Zeeland, Zuid-Holland, Noord-Holland, Friesland and Groningen).
  12 KB (1,857 words) - 14:07, 20 August 2014
• Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone
  ...climate adaptation in coastal cities is dealt with in a separate article [[Coastal cities and sea level rise]]. Measures aimed at delaying withdrawal from vulnerable coastal areas and measures to prepare for withdrawal are not mutually exclusive, bu
  30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
• Case study Saint Brieuc
  ...p 86</ref> allowed to summarise the principal means by which the existing structures contribute to the environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability This coastal fishery and its representatives, despite being well up on the policies of C
  17 KB (2,560 words) - 11:57, 3 November 2014
• Study Cornwall and Scilly Isles
  ...the other case studies it makes a substantial indirect contribution to the coastal economy through the draw of the fishing boats, fresh fish to buy and eat, a ...l of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy</ref>. The Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009 (UK) establishes the marine planning regime for the UK inc
  13 KB (1,925 words) - 22:10, 1 August 2019
• Case study Granville
  ...brown crab and spider crab fisheries. The main fishing trades are that of coastal trapping and French small versatile fishing vessels. ...true co-management system prevails between administrative and occupational structures for the lobster fishery. In this system, the lobster resource management in
  18 KB (2,783 words) - 13:22, 14 August 2014
• Case study Hastings
  ...n for its Dover Sole, Mackerel and Herring fisheries. Hastings is an urban coastal town situated on the southeast coast of England with a population of 86,000 ...ents Association); and finally with broader user group forums (such as the Coastal Users Group). In terms of fishing industry representation at a national lev
  14 KB (1,997 words) - 21:49, 1 August 2019
• Case study Northern Devon
  ...l of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy</ref>. The Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009 (UK) establishes the marine planning regime for the UK inc ...t1.2.pdf. Fisheries governance and the social processes that make up these structures are highly dynamic and this table should be read with that in mind.]''
  14 KB (2,062 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
• Case study North Norfolk
  ...s/cms/farnet/tools/flags (Accessed: 10 April 2014)</ref> The North Norfolk coastal economy is made vulnerable by a strong dependence on (seasonal, low-wage) t ...l of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy</ref>. The Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009 (UK) establishes the marine planning regime for the UK inc
  13 KB (1,935 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
• Synergies of fishing tourism on the coasts of the English Channel: State of play and diagnosis
  In the first inventory, various valuable tourist activities with coastal fisheries have been identified. The list here is not complete; the choice w ...initiatives. The fishing-tourism exists already for several decades on the coastal ports of the Channel. Until 2006, it required only a permit to ship one or
  12 KB (1,809 words) - 12:13, 1 October 2014
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...ter communities. It has different characteristics in comparison with other coastal habitats. Several taxa are more abundant in pools than the surrounding envi ...ted with cold stress. This can be the case in polar and temperate latitude coastal zones. The body fluids can then reach their freezing point and ice crystals
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Estuarine circulation
  ...nnel flows: origins and consequences. In Mixing Processes in Estuaries and Coastal Seas, ed. C Pattiaratchi, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington: 211–49</ref> an ...andle, D. (2004) Saline intrusion in partially mixed estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 59: 385-397</ref>. During ebb, surface slope and density
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• Coral Molecular Biomarkers
  ...ying such data to understanding their effects on populations and community structures and functions (Richmond 2004). Ecotoxicology aims to predict the effects o ...er discharge, fungicides, herbicides, construction materials of waterfront structures, and heat exchangers in power plants (Victor & Richmond 2005).
  50 KB (7,106 words) - 12:42, 14 September 2020
• Coastal hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes and engineering
  ...odynamic processes, long term geomorphological change, climate impacts and coastal engineering (articles in blue). This content was initiated by the ENCORA th * pages of the Australian coastal website https://ozcoasts.org.au/
  20 KB (2,422 words) - 12:26, 20 February 2024
• Morphology of estuaries
  ...rom the landward limit of tidal facies at its head to the seaward limit of coastal facies at its mouth.'' ...s with small or even absent river inflow (often called 'tidal lagoons' or 'coastal barrier systems'), as these systems are shaped by very similar processes as
  87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
• Harbour porpoise in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...of an adult harbor porpoise (''Phocoena phocoena'') head showing the nasal structures and the position of the larynx (LA). (a) overview. (b) detail of boxed area ...004).] The return of the harbour porpoise (''Phocoena phocoena'') in Dutch coastal waters. Lutra 47(2): 113-122.</ref> and <ref name="SCANS II report" />, see
  77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
• Sand-filled geosystems in coastal engineering
  ...sight in the applications and the limitations of sand-filled geosystems in coastal engineering and guide them forward to further reading in case more detail o ...idden components (e.g. in the core of a breakwater, groyne or seawall), in coastal areas exposed to low wave energy and/or tidal regime, on projects where the
  33 KB (4,961 words) - 17:31, 20 May 2020
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  ...lly for the selection of the best combination of measures that can promote coastal safety and sustainability in a changing climate. .... media to communicate information to decision makers). The use of GIS for coastal zone management has expanded rapidly during the past decade (Wright and Bar
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Sediment deposition and erosion processes
  ...t deposition and erosion is discussed in the article [[Biogeomorphology of coastal systems]]. ...in seawater also plays an important role in flocculation processes, see [[Coastal and marine sediments#Flocculation|flocculation]]].
  63 KB (9,960 words) - 23:03, 28 April 2024
• Extreme storms
  [[Image:PrinosFig1.3.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Fig. 1c. Wave overtopping a coastal breakwater, Hartlepool, UK. Courtesy of HR Wallingford.]] ...entOvertoppingGermany.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Fig. 1f. Wave overtopping of a coastal embankment in Germany caused by a storm wave event. (source: Leichtweiss-In
  25 KB (3,812 words) - 20:36, 18 September 2023
• Sand ridges in shelf seas
  ...seabed under the action of currents, although in some cases relict seabed structures may have triggered this development. ...rprise. Their existence went against intuition: one might expect that such structures tend to be flattened as downslope sand transport at the ridge dominates ove
  22 KB (3,464 words) - 15:25, 24 April 2021
• Rhythmic shoreline features
  ...ath>L</math> is sometimes dictated by external constraints like human-made structures (e.g., groins or breakwaters, see Figure 1a) or the inherited geology (e.g ...lations leads to the existence of erosional hotspots or zones of increased coastal vulnerability.
  41 KB (6,530 words) - 10:19, 3 July 2022
• Swash zone dynamics
  ...amics and sediment transport in the swash zone: a review and perspectives. Coastal Engineering 45: 149-167</ref>.]] ...ielsen P., 1999. Groundwater dynamics and salinity in coastal barriers. J. Coastal Res., 15: 732-740. </ref>.
  32 KB (4,942 words) - 12:58, 5 April 2021
• Wave ripples
  Later, Clifton <ref>Clifton H.E. (1976). Wave-formed sedimentary structures - A conceptual model. In Davis and Ethington ed: Beach and nearshore sedim ...are those described in Allen <ref name=A>Allen J.R.L. (1984). Sedimentary structures, their character and physical basis. Elsevier.</ref> and in Blondeaux et a
  20 KB (3,172 words) - 14:32, 29 June 2019
• Shallow-water wave theory
  ...sections describe some aspects of wave theory of particular application in coastal engineering. Some results are quoted without derivation, as the derivations ...d 3rd edn (in press)<ref> Reeve, D., Chadwick, A. J., Fleming, C. (2012). Coastal Engineering: Processes, Theory and Design Practice (2nd ed) E & FN Spon.</r
  86 KB (13,927 words) - 12:36, 3 May 2023
• Wave ripple formation
  ...the articles [[Sand transport]] and [[Sediment transport formulas for the coastal environment]]). ...ualizations of Kaneko and Honji<ref> Kaneko A. and Honji H. (1979.) Double structures of steady streaming in the oscillatory viscous flow over a wavy wall. J. Fl
  38 KB (6,021 words) - 21:14, 3 July 2020
• Marine biological valuation
  ...(Bay of Biscay) within the context of marine spatial planning. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 95: 186-198</ref>. ...ng from the species to the ecosystem level and including both biodiversity structures and processes). Each of these components can be linked to one or more of th
  21 KB (3,121 words) - 18:32, 3 March 2024
• Ecosystem services
  ...model to describe how ecosystem services provide a link between ecosystem structures and functions on the one hand and human benefits and values on the other ha ...t of ecosystem service valuation studies<ref> UNEP-WCMC (2011): Marine and coastal ecosystem services: Valuation methods and their application. UNEP-WCMC Biod
  28 KB (4,079 words) - 22:20, 6 April 2024
• Estuarine ecosystems
  ..., Germany. Advances in Limnology, 47. </ref>). For further details, see: [[Coastal and marine sediments#Sediment contamination and bioavailability]]. ...s and marinas) are usually located right at the waterfront with supporting structures (roads, railways) that cut off the connections with the upper shore habitat
  22 KB (3,117 words) - 23:14, 20 January 2024
• Littoral drift and shoreline modelling
  ...e. Tech. Rep. CERC-89-19, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS. </ref>) is presented, together ...e transport potential and divergence of drift to inform beach loss trends. Coastal Engineering 189, 104473</ref>.
  26 KB (4,053 words) - 13:58, 30 April 2024
• Shoreface profile
  ...ion= The shoreface profile, often called beach profile, is the cross-shore coastal depth profile of the shoreface. }} ...[Rocky shore morphology]] and the shoreface of mud coasts in the article [[Coastal mud belt]].
  59 KB (9,016 words) - 11:16, 19 April 2024
• Measuring current fields in the German Bight by radar techniques
  ...ring pile) as well as a data base, web-based visualisation and information structures, real time numerical modelling capacities (high resolution regional forecas ...Wellen Radar (WERA): a new ground-wave HF radar for ocean remote sensing. Coastal Engeneering, 37 (2-4), 219-234.</ref>).
  4 KB (639 words) - 17:44, 5 November 2019
• Pressures, impacts and policy responses in European coastal zones
  ...amework of analysis enables the transfer of knowledge and experience among coastal sites, with full consideration of site-specific conditions. ...studysites/index.htm Map]) is representative for the diversity of European coastal environments. They all host valuable ecosystems and most of them have a NAT
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 20:35, 18 January 2022
• Threats to cold water coral reefs, sand banks and seagrass habitats in the North Sea by climate change effects
  Very sensitive to the processes taking place tend to be coastal areas, where at the same time reach variety of species can be observed. Tha ...hazards in the world. The coastal zone commonly has the following hazards: coastal [[erosion]], landslides, river or estuary flooding, storm surge flooding an
  14 KB (2,043 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2023
• Coastal and marine sediments
  ==Origin of coastal and marine sediments== ...hores and submarine rock also produces clastic sediments. About 85% of all coastal marine sediments are clastic sediments<ref name=H></ref>.
  56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
• Hard coastal protection structures
  ...sk reduction of coastal erosion in the People's Republic of China. Ocean & Coastal Management 103: 134-145</ref> ...wick and Fleming (2018)<ref> Reeve, D., Chadwick, A. and Fleming, C. 2018. Coastal Engineering: Processes, Theory and Design, Practice 3rd Edition. CRC press,
  15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
• Dealing with coastal erosion
  ...idental storm-induced beach erosion or [[dune erosion]]. When dealing with coastal protection measures one has to be aware of this distinction. How to deal with coastal erosion problems is the main topic of this article. Selecting a proper appr
  18 KB (2,830 words) - 16:57, 26 August 2022
• Spatial and temporal scales in biogeomorphology
  ...[[biotic]] and [[abiotic]] processes that affect the [[biogeomorphology of coastal systems]]. ...="De Vriend"> De Vriend H.J., 1991. Mathematical modelling and large-scale coastal behaviour, Part 1: Physical processes. Journal of Hydraulic REsearch 29, pp
  6 KB (900 words) - 22:24, 1 July 2020
• Invading species in the Baltic Sea
  ...ack]] and Caspian Seas is now playing the previously-vacant role of small, coastal predator on bivalves. At present, there are no documented examples of any n ...century invader, is now one of the few species that builds stable biogenic structures (it is a bioconstructor and habitat builder) in this system<ref name="ma"/>
  4 KB (639 words) - 12:56, 21 February 2024
• Hard shoreline protection structures
  #Redirect[[Hard coastal protection structures]]
  47 bytes (5 words) - 18:59, 21 February 2019
• Shore protection, coast protection and sea defence methods
  #Redirect[[Hard coastal protection structures]]
  47 bytes (5 words) - 19:09, 21 February 2019
• Field Observation Techniques, State of the Art 2012
  Observation of coastal areas may address very different aspects of the environment such as paramet ...rine observatories (2020)|European coastal and marine observatories (2020)|coastal observatories]], with both ships as well as stationary platforms like buoys
  15 KB (2,177 words) - 13:39, 7 December 2023
• Nature-based shore protection
  Nature can offer shore protection in addition to or instead of manmade hard structures. Nature-based shore protection is provided by living shorelines that genera ...ed coastal protection measure for beach and dune coasts worldwide. Several Coastal Wiki articles are devoted to this topic, see [[Shore nourishment]] and furt
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• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: concepts, approaches, tools and case studies
  ...ese conflicting interests into [[Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)|coastal management]] and decision making processes. This article introduces the fol * tools and methodologies which can be applied to the evaluation in coastal zone management contexts.
  23 KB (3,467 words) - 18:50, 21 February 2024
• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: introduction
  ...ider the requests and needs originating from the variety of functions in [[coastal zone]]s. ==What does Multifunctionality mean for the management of coastal zones ?==
  15 KB (2,274 words) - 18:44, 21 February 2024
• Oil spill pollution impact and recovery
  ==Oil spill impacts on the coastal ecosystem== ...ats may occur in low-energy environments such as rías, bays, estuaries or coastal marshes, which tend to trap oil and to accumulate hydrocarbon pollutants in
  32 KB (4,859 words) - 16:36, 15 February 2024
• Valuation and assessment of biodiversity
  ...al planning at sea, practical guidelines for incorporating biodiversity in coastal and marine policies are provided. The Coastal Wiki provides the most commonly used measurements of biodiversity (species
  12 KB (1,809 words) - 17:32, 2 March 2024
• Capacity Building, Training and Education for ICZM in Europe
  ...ated approach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)|the Integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management]]. ...government (from the international to the local) as well as among existing coastal research and management entities, which have largely focused on single disc
  18 KB (2,660 words) - 15:13, 5 October 2021
• Tidal bore dynamics
  ...ions for tidal bore formation in convergent alluvial estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 172: 121-127</ref> and Filippini et al. (2018)<ref name= ...lar tidal bore dynamics in the Daly Estuary,Northern Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60: 629-636</ref>, who relate the occurrence of the tidal
  46 KB (6,918 words) - 13:06, 20 January 2024
• Classification of sandy coastlines
  ...undamental to the way in which the more dynamic habitats and ecosystems of coastal terrestrial areas and transitional waters develop. ...in type of coastline may present for the population living in the specific coastal area, but also to provide guidelines for possible/feasible shoreline manage
  17 KB (2,622 words) - 20:46, 31 March 2021
• Estuarine turbidity maximum
  ..., UK: Flocs, fluid mud, stationary suspensions and tidal bores. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67: 30–52</ref>. Strong stratification promotes the tra ...rente estuary (France): Influence of fluvial and tidal forcing. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 169: 1-14</ref><ref name=MS>Van Maanen, B. and Sottolichi
  24 KB (3,654 words) - 16:38, 12 January 2024
• Stability of rubble mound breakwaters and shore revetments
  ...RIA </ref>, the ''Coastal Engineering Manual'' <ref name=CEM> USACE, 2012. Coastal engineering manual. Report No 110-2-1100. Washington DC: US Army Corps of E ...cribed e.g. in the articles [[Seawalls and revetments]], [[Human causes of coastal erosion]] and [[Detached breakwaters]].
  53 KB (8,270 words) - 18:27, 26 March 2024
• Sand spit
  ...river mouth spits: Wave effects and self-organization patterns. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 262, 107567</ref>: ...Deigaard, R., Fredsøe, J. 2008. Modelling the morphology of sandy spits. Coastal Engineering 55: 671–684</ref>; this leads to the often observed finger-sh
  11 KB (1,784 words) - 16:25, 9 May 2023
• Ecological enhancement of coastal protection structures
  ...n of ecosystems that reinforce the shore protection function of artificial structures. Examples discussed in this article are ecological enhancement with reef bu ...coastal stretches around the world have been armored with hard protection structures. For example, 14% of the United States coastline (Popkin, 2015<ref>Popkin,
  16 KB (2,325 words) - 21:09, 31 March 2024
• Linear regression analysis of coastal processes
  ...in front of coastal defence structures, Stage 2. Defra/EA Joint Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D programme Technical Report FD1927/TR </ref>. A ...ge rate methods and alongshore beach variation on Maui, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 23(1): 87 – 105</ref> reviewed methods of fitting trend lines, i
  11 KB (1,823 words) - 17:22, 20 November 2021
• Harbor resonance
  ...R9>Rabinovich, A.B. 2009. Seiches and harbor oscillations. In: Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering (Ed. Y.C. Kim). World Scientific Publ., Singapore, pp ...lly, for example by building transverse piers<ref name=R9/>; however, such structures can create currents that are dangerous to navigation.
  18 KB (2,870 words) - 15:49, 9 May 2024
• Shoreline retreat and recovery
  ...ach erosion/accretion related to structural sand loss/gain on the [[active coastal zone]]. The other type is beach erosion/accretion related to temporal varia ...tal erosion]], [[Human causes of coastal erosion]] and [[Natural causes of coastal erosion]] for further details.
  29 KB (4,526 words) - 12:45, 24 April 2024
• Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services
  ...found in vascular plants. Their body is called 'thallus' and the leaf-like structures 'lamina'. They often have a stipe (a stem-like structure) and a holdfast th ...thin that zone, on rocky substrate (bedrock, boulders, cobbles or biogenic structures), while some others are able to attach to soft sediments (e.g. ''Halimeda''
  35 KB (5,044 words) - 17:21, 16 February 2024
• Coral islands
  ...been degraded, recovery is more beneficial than technical repair with hard structures, in both environmental and cost aspects<ref name=F14/>. Recovery of the ree [[Category:Physical coastal and marine processes]]
  8 KB (1,229 words) - 20:45, 2 April 2024
• Wave collision on a vertical wall
  ...>Kamel, A.M. 1968. Shock pressure caused by waves breaking against coastal structures. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Res. Rep. H- 68- 2</ref>). Harbor structures with a vertical wall facing the incoming ocean waves must be designed to wi
  7 KB (1,237 words) - 19:00, 10 January 2023
• Wave-induced soil liquefaction
  ...entrate on submarine soils which are subjected to cyclic loading by waves. Structures built on freshly deposited submarine soils can collapse or sink when the se ...iquefaction Phenomena around Marine Structures. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 132: 227-243</ref>]]
  26 KB (4,133 words) - 18:38, 7 March 2024
• Wave transmission by low-crested breakwaters
  |definition= Low-crested breakwaters are manmade wave damping structures in nearshore waters with crest level just above or just below the still wat ...merged Breakwaters: Field Observation and Numerical Simulation. Journal of Coastal Research 75: 1352-1356</ref>. <br clear=all>
  8 KB (1,271 words) - 19:43, 31 March 2024
• River tides
  ...hannels are excavated and maintained at necessary depth by dredging and by structures such as training walls and groins. ..., UK: Flocs, fluid mud, stationary suspensions and tidal bores. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67: 30–52</ref><ref>Burchard, H., Schuttelaars, H. M. a
  25 KB (4,110 words) - 15:21, 20 April 2024
• Tidal rivers
  Rivers that debouch into a coastal sea are subject to tidal motion. Even small tides can have a significant im ...ntrusion in the Mekong Delta: Results of field observations and integrated coastal-inland modelling. Earth Surf. Dynam. 9: 953–976</ref><ref>Dalrymple, R.,
  14 KB (2,146 words) - 12:57, 23 June 2023
• Beachrock
  |definition= Beachrocks are hard coastal sedimentary formations consisting of various beach sediments, lithified thr ...entation to resist coastal erosion of sandy slope by eco-friendly methods. Coastal Engineering 189, 104489</ref>). A cementing solution of urea and calcium ch
  5 KB (698 words) - 21:23, 6 April 2024