Semantic search
Definition | URL"URL" is a <a href="/wiki/Special:Types/URL" title="Special:Types/URL">type</a> and predefined property provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a> to represent URI/URL values. | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a>. | |
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LowerCircalittoral | Dominated by animals with no foliose algae but encrusting Rhodophycota patchy in grazed areas. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata below the maximum depth limit of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerCircalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:26:38 |
LowerInfralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoral where grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerInfralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:23:32 |
LowerLittoral | The lower part of the shore only exposed (emersed) at the lowest part of the tide. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerLittoral | 15 July 2015 15:41:41 |
LowerLittoralFringe | The bottom of the littoral fringe. In the UK, characterized by he Pelvetia/Porphyra belt with patchy Verrucaria maura and Fucus spiralis (on sheltered shores). Verrucaria mucosa present above the main barnacle population. May also include salt marsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LowerLittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 15:14:31 |
Lures | An organism that uses a lure to attract prey within range of its 'pounce' attack | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lures | 28 May 2015 09:59:55 |
MSFDIndicators | Species that comprise indicators or components of indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm), with emphasis on Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MSFDIndicators | 15 April 2016 12:01:48 |
Macroalgae | Macroalgal surfaces, such as kelps and fucoids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Macroalgae | 2 June 2015 13:43:26 |
Macrobiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 2.0 and 200 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Macrobiota | 18 December 2019 13:14:21 |
Maerl | Maerl beds formed by build up of maerl. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Maerl | 6 May 2015 14:48:58 |
Management recorded | Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Management recorded | 6 May 2015 11:48:57 |
Marine | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Marine | 6 May 2015 14:49:04 | |
MarineBirdAbundance | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineBirdAbundance | 5 December 2019 11:08:06 |
MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineBirdBreedingSuccessFailure | 5 December 2019 11:10:23 |
MarineMammalBycatch | Common in OSPAR Region II | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineMammalBycatch | 5 December 2019 11:03:32 |
MarineSalinity | 30-40 psu (equals MNCR Full) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MarineSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:16:09 |
Massive | Bulky (Homes, 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Massive | 10 November 2014 09:52:02 |
Mat | A dense mass which blankets the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mat | 7 November 2014 17:04:26 |
MediumCleanSand | Particle size 0.25-1mm (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MediumCleanSand | 2 June 2015 11:00:41 |
Medusiform | Disk, bell or umbrella shaped and often gelatinous (Barnes et al., 1988). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Medusiform | 10 November 2014 09:56:40 |
Megabiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size larger than 200 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Megabiota | 18 December 2019 13:12:37 |
Megalopa | Post larval stage of decapod Crustacea (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Megalopa | 8 July 2015 08:29:28 |
Meiobiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size between 0.2 and 2.0 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Meiobiota | 18 December 2019 13:15:29 |
Mesohaline | 5-<18 psu (equals MNCR Low, <18 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mesohaline | 1 June 2015 11:07:37 |
Mesopelagic | The upper aphotic zone and extends to a depth of ca 1000 m. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mesopelagic | 29 May 2015 15:27:34 |
Metanauplius | Second larval stage in decapod Crustacea; resembles the nauplius but with more appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Metanauplius | 29 June 2015 16:14:40 |
Microbiota | Individual organisms with a mean body size smaller than 0.2 mm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Microbiota | 18 December 2019 13:16:25 |
MidEulittoral | Barnacle - limpet dominated, sometimes mussels, with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Mastocarpus stellatus and Palmaria palmata patchy in lower part. Usually quite a wide belt (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MidEulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:03 |
Migratory | Periodic movement of organisms between alternative habitats e.g. between areas for reproduction and one or more areas of non-reproductive activity, or between areas of foraging and areas used for other activities. Most migrations occur at predictable intervals triggered by stimuli e.g. unfavourable conditions. NB: Movements that do not include an obligatory return journey are classified as dispersal (Baretta-Bekker et al., 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Migratory | 14 May 2015 16:15:38 |
Mitraria | A type of polychaete larva characterized by numerous long flotation bristles (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mitraria | 30 June 2015 10:54:28 |
Mixed | Mixtures of a variety of sediment types, composed of pebble / gravel / sand / mud. This category includes muddy gravels, muddy sandy gravels, gravelly muds, and muddy gravelly sands. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mixed | 2 June 2015 12:04:15 |
MixedCalcareousMaterial | Skeleton composed of a mixture of any of aragonite, calcite, high magnesium calcite or amorphous CaCO3 | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MixedCalcareousMaterial | 20 January 2017 14:20:57 |
Mixotroph | An organism that exhibts both autotrophy and heterotrophy | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mixotroph | 29 July 2015 11:30:11 |
Mobile | Capable of movement | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mobile | 7 November 2014 15:58:50 |
Mobility | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mobility | 7 November 2014 15:59:42 | |
ModeOfLife | Traits relating to the mode of life a species exhibits | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeOfLife | 29 July 2015 11:38:08 |
ModeratelyExposed | Generally coasts facing away from prevailing winds and without a long fetch but where strong winds can be frequent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeratelyExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:17 |
ModeratelyStrong | 1 to 3 knots (0.5-1.5 m/sec.) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ModeratelyStrong | 1 June 2015 13:29:30 |
Modular | Organisms that grow by the repeated iteration of parts, e.g. the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps of a coral or bryozoan. Modular organisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then become physiologically independent (Begon et al., 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Modular | 14 May 2015 10:08:36 |
Monoculture | A species which exists to the exclusion of all other species including dense mats or in 100% of survey counts. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoculture | 6 May 2015 11:49:10 |
Monoecious | Both male and female reproductive organs in a single individual (animals) or flower (plants) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoecious | 3 June 2015 09:14:29 |
Monoraphidioid | Resembling a crescent moon (see Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Monoraphidioid | 14 May 2015 11:20:47 |
MouthParts | Traits that describes specialized mouth parts | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MouthParts | 28 May 2015 11:29:53 |
Movement | Traits relating to the movement of the species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Movement | 12 January 2015 17:44:20 |
MucusMesh | Secretion of a simple or complex mucus mesh to filter food particles from water column (e.g polychaetes Chaetopterus and larvaceans. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MucusMesh | 28 May 2015 11:33:07 |
Mud | 1) Particle size <0.063 mm (silt / clay fraction) (Hiscock, 1996) 2) >90% mud (Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Mud | 5 June 2015 16:11:24 |
MudSandyMud | Mud and sandy muds where mud is the major fraction (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MudSandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:54:40 |
MuddyGravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddyGravel | 2 June 2015 11:53:09 |
MuddySand | Sand (50-90%) with mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddySand | 2 June 2015 13:53:27 |
MuddySandyGravel | Gravel (30-80%) with mud and sand (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuddySandyGravel | 2 June 2015 11:54:35 |
MullersLarva | The free-swimming eight armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Rupert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MullersLarva | 15 December 2015 13:31:55 |
Multivoltine | Many generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Multivoltine | 3 June 2015 10:45:32 |
Muscular Contraction (body length) | Swimming is effected by muscular contractions along the length of the body, which may be aided by body protrusions or structures (e.g. parapodia, fins). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Muscular Contraction (body length) | 15 July 2015 16:09:35 |
MuscularAxialProboscis | The proboscis has thickened, strongly muscular walls and can be retracted into a sheath. In other cases the pharynx is partially retracted and partially inverted. The mouth proper is located at the tip of the pharynx when fully everted. While some taxa have a jaw-less proboscis, others have jaws present as a bilaterally arranged pair, as one or two dorso-ventrally arranged pairs or as two pairs forming a cross. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MuscularAxialProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:32:02 |
MutualistMutualism | A symbiosis in which both organisms benefit; frequently a relationship of complete dependence. (Lincoln et al., 1998) (cf.symbiosis, commensalism, parasite). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:MutualistMutualism | 29 July 2015 11:36:22 |
Native | Species that is native to the country or sea area. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native | 15 September 2015 14:55:31 |
Native - Endemic | Species that is native and endemic to a country or sea area i.e. a species that is unique to a location or habitat. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native - Endemic | 15 September 2015 14:55:46 |
Native - Non-endemic | Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native - Non-endemic | 15 September 2015 14:55:52 |
Native country and/or native sea area | Country or sea area which is the native range of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Native country and/or native sea area | 2 June 2015 17:08:28 |
Natural dispersal | Where an invasive species migrates from a known introduced location to a new area/region using a natural mode/mechanism of dispersal; as the original location is part of its introduced range this pathway is included here. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Natural dispersal | 6 May 2015 11:50:33 |
Nauplius | Free-swimming larva, with a characteristic triangular shape, rostral horns in some, three pairs of appendages, and sometimes a nauplia eye. The number of nauplius stages varies between groups (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nauplius | 23 June 2015 16:22:31 |
NearThreatened | A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NearThreatened | 4 December 2019 14:23:57 |
Nectochaeta | A polychaete larval stage where the first set of chaetal bundles and parapodia develop, although the ciliary girdle remains for swimming (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nectochaeta | 30 June 2015 09:52:09 |
Nekton | Active swimming organisms that live in the water column and are able to move independently of the water mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nekton | 30 June 2015 14:55:33 |
Neritic | Water column overlying the continental shelf; surface to ca 200m depth. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Neritic | 6 May 2015 14:52:11 |
Neustonic | Living on or under the surface film of open water. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Neustonic | 30 June 2015 14:37:17 |
NoDiapause | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoDiapause | 6 May 2015 10:33:41 | |
NoOviparousCare | Eggs are laid and abandoned by adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoOviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:20:54 |
NoViviparousCare | Offspring are abandoned by the adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NoViviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:30:41 |
NonBrooding | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonBrooding | 5 February 2020 11:25:35 | |
NonMigratoryResident | Remaining within the same area (from Lincoln et al.,1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonMigratoryResident | 29 July 2015 12:04:08 |
NonSelfing | Incapable of self-fertilization, due to physical or temporal separation of gametes, and/or self-incompatability genes | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSelfing | 3 June 2015 09:20:42 |
NonSolidCement | component that keeps the agglutinated particles of the non-massive skeleton together. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSolidCement | 23 January 2017 12:56:15 |
NonSolidParticlesComp | small and individual structural elements that function as supporting structure/enclosure, e.g. spicules in sponges. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonSolidParticlesComp | 14 March 2017 07:57:26 |
NonTerritorial | Independent without a defined territory | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NonTerritorial | 29 July 2015 11:32:36 |
Nonfeeding | Non-feeding life stages (e.g. lecithotroph) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Nonfeeding | 29 July 2015 11:21:49 |
Not invasive | Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Not invasive | 6 May 2015 11:50:49 |
NotEvaluated | A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:NotEvaluated | 4 December 2019 14:29:08 |
OSPARCommonIndicators | The common indicators agreed by OSPAR for assessing the status of biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic cover marine mammals, seabirds, fish communities, seafloor habitats, pelagic habitats, non-indigenous species and food webs. The biodiversity common indicators contributed assessments of the status biodiversity in the North-East Atlantic to the OSPAR Intermediate Assessment 2017. The assessments are published in the OSPAR Assessment Portal. The indicators are based on information from monitoring programmes described in the Coordinated Environment Monitoring Programme (CEMP). The programmes are described in the Appendices to the CEMP Agreement. Detailed descriptions, including method descriptions for the indicator calculations, are included in the CEMP Guideline Agreements. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARCommonIndicators | 5 December 2019 13:07:52 |
OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | The OSPAR Biological Diversity and Ecosystems Strategy sets out that the OSPAR Commission will assess which species and habitats need to be protected. This OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats has been developed to fulfil this commitment. It is based upon nominations by Contracting Parties and observers to the Commission of species and habitats that they consider to be priorities for protection. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARListOfThreatenedAndOrDecliningSpeciesAndHabitats | 5 December 2019 09:05:54 |
OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | Region I is the most northerly OSPAR region, characterised by its harsh climate and ice coverage although the ecosystems of this region are still rich. In spite of its low population density, human activities such as fishing and offshore petroleum production remain significant. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIArcticWaters | 4 December 2019 14:45:53 |
OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | The Greater North Sea is one of the busiest maritime areas. Offshore activities related to the exploitation of oil and gas reserves, and maritime traffic are very important. Two of the world's largest ports are situated on the North Sea coast, and the coastal zone is used intensively for recreation. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIIGreaterNorthSea | 4 December 2019 14:47:18 |
OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | The Celtic Seas region contains wide variations in coastal topography, from fjordic sea lochs, to sand dunes, bays, estuaries and numerous sandy beaches. The large range of habitats in the region supports a diverse fish fauna. Although traditional maritime activities, such as fishing, take place in the Celtic Seas, there is ongoing development of tourism. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIIICelticSeas | 4 December 2019 14:49:34 |
OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | The bottom topography of Region IV and coastlines are highly diversified, including the continental shelf and slope and parts of the abyssal plain. Ecosystems in Region IV are very rich, support a rich fish fauna and have a particular importance for migratory birds. Main human activities in Region IV are fishing, maritime transport and tourism. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionIVBayOfBiscayAndIberianCoast | 4 December 2019 14:50:51 |
OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | Region V represents the deep waters of the North-East Atlantic extending across the abyssal plain and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and including many seamounts. There have been recent discoveries of a number of different fragile deep-sea habitats (such as hydrothermal vents, carbonate mounds, coral gardens and sponge communities). Human population in the region is restricted to the Azores Archipelago. The main human activities are fishing and maritime transport. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OSPARRegionVWiderAtlantic | 4 December 2019 14:54:29 |
Occurrence | Terms used to describe 'Occurrence' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Occurrence | 6 May 2015 13:37:34 |
Occurrence Not specified | Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Occurrence Not specified | 6 May 2015 11:51:07 |
Oceanic | Open waters beyond the continental shelf. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oceanic | 6 May 2015 14:52:26 |
Of concern | Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Of concern | 6 May 2015 11:53:03 |
OffshoreSeabed | Seabed beyond three miles (5 km) from the shore. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OffshoreSeabed | 29 May 2015 16:36:51 |
Oligohaline | 0.5-<5 psu (included under MNCR Low, <18 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oligohaline | 1 June 2015 11:09:29 |
Omnivore | An organism which feeds on a mixed diet including plant and animal material (from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Omnivore | 22 May 2015 13:31:20 |
OntogeneticMigration | Different life stages migrate into different habitats, or part of habitat (e.g. copepods) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OntogeneticMigration | 29 July 2015 12:04:20 |
Oogamous | Having large, non-motile eggs and small motile sperm (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oogamous | 3 June 2015 09:45:55 |
OpenCoast | Any part of the coast not within a marine inlet, strait or lagoon, including offshore rocks and small islands. This includes MNCR types; linear coast, islands / rocks and semi-enclosed coast. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OpenCoast | 29 May 2015 16:39:18 |
OpenEndedVentilation | Organisms that live in a 'U' or 'Y' shaped burrow where water is drawn through the burrow (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OpenEndedVentilation | 28 May 2015 09:05:54 |
Ophiopluteus | Free-swimming larvae of Ophiuroidea, distinguished by four pairs of arms supported by skeletal rods (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ophiopluteus | 30 June 2015 09:53:57 |
OralPodia | Specialist - modified tube feet in holothurians | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OralPodia | 28 May 2015 11:49:22 |
Organic | (1) derived from, or showing the properties of a living organism; (2) containing carbon, applied to molecules. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Organic | 23 January 2017 12:37:41 |
Origin | Terms used to describe the 'Origin' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin | 15 September 2015 14:53:03 |
Origin uncertain | Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin uncertain | 15 September 2015 14:52:27 |
Origin unknown | Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Origin unknown | 15 September 2015 14:52:11 |
Other | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Other | 14 May 2015 15:50:06 | |
Other impact - undefined or uncertain | Where the species has a known but undefined or uncertain impact. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Other impact - undefined or uncertain | 6 May 2015 11:53:23 |
OtherSpecies | The surface of other species, e.g. shells or carapace. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OtherSpecies | 2 June 2015 13:44:34 |
Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | Where the species dominates or outcompetes native species for resources and/or space. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space | 6 May 2015 11:53:39 |
OvalCylinder | An ellipsoid on an elliptic base (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OvalCylinder | 14 May 2015 11:21:54 |
Overhangs | An overhanging part of a rock formation. Typically the surface of the rock below the overhang receives some cover or shade from the overhang. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Overhangs | 2 June 2015 13:47:50 |
Oviparous | Egg laying; producing eggs that are laid and hatch externally (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Oviparous | 3 June 2015 11:20:11 |
OviparousCare | Parents, guard or protect the eggs/clutch e.g. birds, some reptiles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:OviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:21:28 |
Ovoviviparous | Fully formed eggs are retained and hatched inside the maternal body and are released as live offspring (Lincoln et al., 1998). No nutrition is derived from the mother. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ovoviviparous | 3 June 2015 11:27:34 |
Palps | Specialist - Protobranch molluscs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Palps | 7 November 2014 14:50:22 |
Papillae | Appendages bear mucus laden papilae or tube feet (e.g. suspension feeding echinoderns, brittlestars, crinoids). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Papillae | 28 May 2015 11:24:02 |
ParallelepipedRhomboid | In geometry, a parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure formed by six parallelograms (the term rhomboid is also sometimes used with this meaning) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ParallelepipedRhomboid | 14 May 2015 11:23:34 |
Parasite | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependent on, another organism (termed the host) for completion of its life cycle and which is detrimental to the host (see Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parasite | 18 December 2019 14:18:13 |
ParasiticFeeding | An organism that is intimately associated with, and metabolically dependant on another living organism, for completion of its life cycle, and which is detrimental to the host to a lesser or greater extent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ParasiticFeeding | 29 July 2015 11:21:58 |
Parasitoid | An organism intermediate between a parasite and a predator; e.g. hymenopterans where the larvae feed within the tissue of a living host, leading to the death of the host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parasitoid | 29 July 2015 11:22:20 |
Parenchymella | A poriferan larva composed of a ciliated ball of cells (blastula), with a brief swimming phase (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Parenchymella | 18 December 2015 11:24:03 |
Passive | Catching food on a filter held into flowing water (e.g. hydroids, sea fans, sea pens), or collecting the 'rain' of detritus on sticky apparatus other than a filter (e.g. Cucumaria frondosa, proboscis of echinurans) (MarLIN; Hiscock et al. 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Passive | 29 July 2015 11:24:03 |
PassiveDrifter | Movement dependent on wind or water currents | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PassiveDrifter | 29 July 2015 11:47:00 |
Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | Where the species is a pathogen/parasite of native species or carrier of a pathogen/parasite which infects/parasitizes native species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathogen/parasite or carrier of a pathogen/parasite | 6 May 2015 11:54:00 |
Pathway/vector Other | In cases where pathway/vector is not specified/ cases of novel pathways/vectors. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathway/vector Other | 6 May 2015 11:54:15 |
Pathway/vector Unknown | Unknown mechanisms of introduction were represented by a blank cell. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathway/vector Unknown | 6 May 2015 11:54:36 |
Pathways/vector | One of the most important types of information in the practical approach to prevention and management of biological invasions is the identity of the pathways of introduction and details of vectors. These are necessary for the prevention of introduction of potentially invasive species and also for the containment of further spread of established invasions. Information on pathways and vectors of introduction of alien species has been recorded for the listed species where information was available. Descriptive terms describing pathways and vectors were standardized and listed as a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pathways/vector | 6 May 2015 12:09:57 |
Pattering | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pattering | 7 November 2014 13:05:28 |
Pebbles | 16-64 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata which are predominantly pebbles. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pebbles | 2 June 2015 09:01:59 |
Pediveliger | A late veliger that is able to use its foot to crawl and provide temporary attachment | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pediveliger | 30 June 2015 11:29:55 |
Pelagic | Pertaining to the water column. Inhabiting the open sea, excluding the sea floor (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pelagic | 8 July 2015 09:01:39 |
Pelagosphaera | The secondary free-swimming larva in Sipunculida, that develops from a non-feeding trochophore (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pelagosphaera | 18 December 2015 11:21:23 |
Penicillate | Brush like (Prescott ,1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Penicillate | 10 November 2014 10:01:21 |
PermanentHermaphrodite | Capable of producing both ova and spermatozoa either at the same time (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PermanentHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:19:34 |
Phagocytosis | Engulfing prey/food item in cytoplasm | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Phagocytosis | 7 November 2014 14:37:32 |
Phosphatic | composed of phosphoric acid or phosphates. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Phosphatic | 20 January 2017 15:49:41 |
Photoautotroph | An organism that obtains metabolic energy from light by a photochemical process such as photosynthesis (e.g. seaweeds, phytoplankton) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Photoautotroph | 22 May 2015 13:29:07 |
PhotosyntheticPigment | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PhotosyntheticPigment | 15 July 2015 16:10:20 | |
Physiography | Coastal geomorphology and physical features. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Physiography | 1 June 2015 12:07:34 |
Physiology | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Physiology | 1 April 2015 09:25:05 | |
PickingfromWaterSurface | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PickingfromWaterSurface | 15 July 2015 16:11:42 |
PiercingToxic | Specialist - modified radula used to inject toxins, e.g. cone shells | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PiercingToxic | 28 May 2015 11:43:41 |
Pilidium | Free-swimming, helmet-shaped, larva of nemerteans (ribbon worms) with an apical tuft, apical sensory organs, oral lobes and oral ciliated band (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Rupert & Barnes, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pilidium | 30 June 2015 08:45:56 |
Pinnate | Branching like a feather – an elongate main axis with lateral branches or lobes (Prescott, 1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pinnate | 10 November 2014 10:02:05 |
PinnateBranching | Branched tentacles, used as filtration mechanism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PinnateBranching | 28 May 2015 11:50:17 |
Pisciform | Fish-like | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pisciform | 10 November 2014 10:02:55 |
Plankton | Living in the fluid medium (water or air) but unable to maintain their position or distribution independently of the movement of the water/air mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plankton | 30 June 2015 14:48:12 |
PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PlanktonBiomassAndOrAbundance | 5 December 2019 12:43:08 |
Planktotrophic | Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Planktotrophic | 3 June 2015 11:32:54 |
Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | This refers to invasive plant species which are unintentionally introduced into a new area/region carried on or with the habitat material of some intentionally planted flora. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plant introductions: accidental with deliberate plant translocations | 6 May 2015 11:54:51 |
Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | This refers to plant species which are planted intentionally for some purpose resulting in the introduction of an invasive plant into a new area/region (e.g. for erosion control). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plant introductions: deliberate translocation of plant species | 6 May 2015 11:55:50 |
Planula | A ciliated, free swimming larva; lacks a mouth but in older stages may include a gastrovascular cavity (Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Planula | 12 June 2015 16:28:44 |
Pleustonic | Living permanently at the water surface due to their own buoyancy, normally positioned partly in the water and partly in the air. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pleustonic | 30 June 2015 14:37:51 |
PlungeDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PlungeDiving | 7 November 2014 12:39:13 | |
Plunging | Seabird specific? | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Plunging | 29 July 2015 11:51:16 |
Pollination | Transfer of male gametophyte (pollen) to the 'female' part of a flower | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pollination | 3 June 2015 10:30:26 |
Polyhaline | 18-<30 psu (included under MNCR Reduced, 18-30 psu) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Polyhaline | 1 June 2015 11:12:25 |
Pouncing | An ambush predator that uses a sudden, rapid movement to 'pounce on, grab or swallow' its prey once the prey in within short range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Pouncing | 28 May 2015 09:58:44 |
Predator | Predatory behaviour in which one animal species captures a member of another species (Lincoln et al., 1998). OR mobile animals that attack kill and consume individual prey items, usually one at a time. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Predator | 29 July 2015 11:22:44 |
Present/controlled | Species that are known to be present in their introduced range and are subject to some control option. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Present/controlled | 6 May 2015 11:56:06 |
Probing | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Probing | 7 November 2014 13:00:34 |
ProportionOfLargeFish | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ProportionOfLargeFish | 5 December 2019 12:01:38 |
Protandrous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where male gametes mature and are shed before female gametes mature (Holmes, 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protandrous | 3 June 2015 09:36:18 |
Protogynous | A condition of hermaphroditism in plants and animals where female gametes mature and are shed before male gametes mature (Holmes 1979). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protogynous | 3 June 2015 09:36:52 |
Protonymphon | Larval pycnogonid that bears three pairs of appendages, the chelicerae, palps and ovigerous legs (Ruppert & Barnes, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protonymphon | 30 June 2015 08:47:31 |
Protozoea | Third larval stage in Decapoda, characterized by antennal locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Protozoea | 30 June 2015 09:56:13 |
Province | Descriptors of the major 'regions' of the seas. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Province | 28 May 2015 15:40:10 |
PseudoArrhenotoky | Males develop from diploid fertilized eggs but subsequently eliminate or silence the paternal genome | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PseudoArrhenotoky | 3 June 2015 09:04:17 |
PursuitDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitDiving | 7 November 2014 12:26:04 | |
PursuitHunterCooperative | An organism that hunts in a team, pack, pod, flock, swarm etc | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitHunterCooperative | 29 July 2015 11:49:11 |
PursuitHunterIndividual | An organism that chases after, catches and subdues mobile prey (e.g. predatory polychaetes, squid, fish, otter, seal, seabirds) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitHunterIndividual | 29 July 2015 11:25:26 |
PursuitPlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:PursuitPlunging | 7 November 2014 12:40:37 | |
QualitativeBodySize | Body size measured in terms of mega, macro, meio/meso and micro. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:QualitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:18:22 |
QuantitativeBodySize | Body size measured in numerical values. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:QuantitativeBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:07:31 |
Radial | Symmetrical about any plane passed perpendicular to the oral/aboral axis (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Radial | 14 May 2015 11:30:52 |
Radulae | Specialist - protrusile anterior region of digestive tract; refers to chitinized teeth along the radular membrane (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Radulae | 28 May 2015 11:38:25 |
Rare | A species which is present at low or relatively low densities; used to describe single occurrences of the species where appropriate. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare | 6 May 2015 11:56:55 |
Rare to common | A species which is found in relatively low to moderate densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare to common | 6 May 2015 11:57:13 |
Rare to dominant | A species which is fluctuates between relatively low to high densities (accounts for such phenomena as population explosions). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rare to dominant | 6 May 2015 11:57:37 |
Rasping | specialist - rasping radulla of grazing molluscs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rasping | 7 November 2014 15:08:01 |
Rataria | A later larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with a disc-shaped float, and an elongated body surrounded by the rim of the growing disc (Stachowitsch, 1992) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rataria | 8 July 2015 08:27:47 |
Recorded in error | Species that have reported or recorded in error. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Recorded in error | 6 May 2015 11:57:51 |
RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | Common in OSPAR Region II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RecoveryInThePopulationAbundanceOfSensitiveFishSpecies | 5 December 2019 11:14:41 |
Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | Where the movement of recreational equipment by humans results in the introduction of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment | 6 May 2015 11:58:05 |
ReefBuilding | An organism that forms large areas of hard substratum for other organisms due to the scale of its aggregations (e.g. horse mussels), accretions (e.g. Sabellaria) or its skeleton (e.g. corals). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReefBuilding | 14 May 2015 16:30:16 |
Regenerator | Organisms that excavate and maintain burrows in the sediment, which result in sediment transport from depth to the surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Regenerator | 28 May 2015 08:55:05 |
Reported | Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Reported | 6 May 2015 11:59:04 |
ReproductiveFrequency | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveFrequency | 6 May 2015 08:22:37 | |
ReproductiveSeason | A description of the season(s) or months of the year during which reproduction occurs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveSeason | 3 June 2015 10:54:48 |
ReproductiveType | Traits that describe how an organism reproduces or the mechanism by which reproduction is achieved. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ReproductiveType | 27 July 2015 13:57:28 |
Reticulate | In the form of a mesh or net (Prescott, 1969). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Reticulate | 10 November 2014 10:04:30 |
RiaVoe | Drowned river valleys of south-west Britain (ria) and Shetland (voe). Often with a greater presence of rock and more marine in character than estuaries. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RiaVoe | 29 May 2015 16:37:30 |
Robust | Unlikely to be damaged as a result of physical impacts, e.g. hard or tough enough to withstand impact, or leathery or wiry enough to resist impact. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Robust | 10 November 2014 10:22:06 |
Rockpools | 1) A pool of water among rocks left behind by the ebbing tide. 2) a depression in the littoral zone of a rocky seashore where, at low tide, seawater is left behind (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Rockpools | 2 June 2015 13:53:46 |
RotationalEllipsoid | Rotational ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:RotationalEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:28:57 |
Salinity | The range of salinities in which the organism is recorded (scale taken from Reusser & Lee, 2011) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Salinity | 1 June 2015 12:09:24 |
Saltmarsh | A flat, poorly drained coastal swamp inundated by most high tides (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Saltmarsh | 2 June 2015 13:57:44 |
Sand | 1) Particle size 0.063 -4 mm (Hiscock 1996) 2) >90% sand (Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sand | 2 June 2015 10:58:06 |
SandMuddySand | Sands and sands with mud where sand is the major fraction (see Long 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandMuddySand | 2 June 2015 10:55:14 |
SandyGravel | 30 -80% gravel with sand (see Long, 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandyGravel | 2 June 2015 10:47:56 |
SandyMud | Mud (50-90%) with sand | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SandyMud | 2 June 2015 13:53:43 |
Saprophage | An organism that feeds on dead or decaying organic material (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Saprophage | 22 May 2015 13:32:16 |
Scavenger | An organism that feeds on carrion and organic refuse (e.g. crabs, whelks) (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scavenger | 29 July 2015 11:23:12 |
Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | Where research activities result in the unintentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scientific research: accidental release with research activities | 6 May 2015 11:59:18 |
Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | Where research activities result in the intentional release of an invasive species into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Scientific research: deliberate release with research activities | 6 May 2015 11:59:33 |
SeaIce | The habitat provided by the surface of frozen sea water floating on the surface. Sea ice may form thin sheets, fast moving pieces, pack ice or large icebergs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeaIce | 28 May 2015 15:47:22 |
SeaLoch | Glacially formed inlets (fjords, fjards) of western Scotland and Ireland; typically elongate and deepened by glacial action with little freshwater influence. Often with narrows and sills dividing the loch into a series of basins. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeaLoch | 29 May 2015 16:38:32 |
Seagrass | Habitat associated with seagrass bed communities. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seagrass | 6 May 2015 14:57:38 |
SealAbundanceAndDistribution | Common in OSPAR Region II | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SealAbundanceAndDistribution | 5 December 2019 10:52:33 |
Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the surface of a seaplane. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seaplanes: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | 6 May 2015 11:59:49 |
SearcherForager | Active foragers that seek out prey usually of lower mobility (than themselves) e.g. arthropods (crabs, spiders) gastropods, starfish | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SearcherForager | 28 May 2015 10:12:57 |
SeasonalEnvironment | A seasonal migration in order to remain within suitable environmental conditions. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalEnvironment | 29 July 2015 12:04:36 |
SeasonalFeeding | A seasonal migration for the purpose of following food or moving to suitable feeding grounds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalFeeding | 29 July 2015 12:04:51 |
SeasonalReproduction | A seasonal migration in order to reproduce. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SeasonalReproduction | 29 July 2015 12:03:36 |
SedimentReworking | Description of how an organism modifies or changes the physico-chemical nature of the habitat itself, e.g sediment reworking, deposition of faeces, or burrowing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentReworking | 29 July 2015 11:58:24 |
SedimentSoft | Particulate solid matter accumulated by natural processes (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentSoft | 25 June 2015 13:29:43 |
SedimentSurface | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SedimentSurface | 14 July 2015 20:00:23 | |
Seeds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seeds | 3 June 2015 11:45:28 | |
Seizing | Seabird specific - probably not - large predators that pounce and grab also | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Seizing | 29 July 2015 11:51:27 |
SelfFertilizing | Capable of self-fertilization | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SelfFertilizing | 3 June 2015 09:21:24 |
Semelparous | Breeding once per lifetime, or breeding only once then dying (Barnes et al., 2006). Organisms that only have one brood during their lifetime (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Semelparous | 3 June 2015 10:47:26 |
Semivoltine | One generation every two years (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Semivoltine | 3 June 2015 10:48:43 |
SequentialHermaphrodite | Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SequentialHermaphrodite | 3 June 2015 09:35:14 |
Sessile | Non-motile; permanently attached at the base (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Caryophyllia). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sessile | 14 May 2015 16:06:42 |
Setose | Appendages (arms, specialisted mothparts) used to capture suspended particulates | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Setose | 7 November 2014 14:58:48 |
SexualReproduction | 1) Reproduction involving the regular alternation of gamete formation by meiosis, and gamete fusion (karyogamy) to form a zygote (Lincoln et al.,1998). 2) Reproduction where recombination of genetic material, derived from more than one parent is possible (Barnes et al. 2006), true amphimixis involves random segregation of genes and random association of parental contribution (gametes). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SexualReproduction | 3 June 2015 09:06:08 |
ShallowPlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ShallowPlunging | 15 July 2015 16:12:42 | |
Sheltered | Coasts with a restricted fetch and/or open water window. Coasts can face prevailing winds but with a short fetch (< 20 km) or extensive shallow area offshore, or may face away from prevailing winds. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sheltered | 6 May 2015 14:57:53 |
Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | This refers to invasive species which exist as sessile or motile organisms on the hull of a ship. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms | 6 May 2015 12:00:05 |
Ships: accidental associated with cargo | This refers to invasive species which are associated with internal ship cargo. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental associated with cargo | 6 May 2015 12:00:19 |
Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a fluid nature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins | 6 May 2015 12:00:36 |
Ships: accidental with solid ballast | This refers to invasive species which exist in various life stages in ballast of a solid nature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: accidental with solid ballast | 6 May 2015 12:01:18 |
Ships: general | This accounts for an invasive species which has been vectored by a ship but the exact mechanism of action (ie: ballast, hull or cargo) has been unidentified in the literature. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ships: general | 6 May 2015 12:01:34 |
Shrub | Having a very short stem with branches near the ground (Thompson, 1995). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Shrub | 7 November 2014 16:53:50 |
Siliceous | composed of silicon based spines, spicules or lattice, e.g. siliceous or glass sponges | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Siliceous | 20 January 2017 15:41:47 |
SimpleAxialProboscis | A sac-like proboscis relying on fluid pressure from the coelom for eversion. There is no particular development of musculature or glands. The worms tend to have reduced septa in the anterior part of the body allowing the contruction of the posterior part of the body to exert considerable force on the proboscis because of the free movement of the coelomic contents. Muscles associated with a thickened first septum (gular membrane) and the proboscis are used for retraction. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SimpleAxialProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:33:33 |
SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SizeCompositionInFishCommunities | 5 December 2019 12:50:34 |
Skimming | seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Skimming | 7 November 2014 13:04:30 |
SmallBoulders | 256 -512 mm; may be unstable. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SmallBoulders | 1 June 2015 16:40:14 |
SmallTribePridePackPod | Small group of individuals that work together for mutual benefit, often held together by familial (matriarchal/patriarchal) bonds (e.g. a pack or wolves, a pod of dolphin, a pride of lions, a tribe of humans). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SmallTribePridePackPod | 29 July 2015 11:34:39 |
Snatching | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Snatching | 28 May 2015 10:04:40 | |
Sociability | Traits that describe an organism's behavioural interactions with members of the same species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sociability | 29 July 2015 11:38:49 |
SocialGroup | Cooperative groups of the same species - e.g. social insects, mammals | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SocialGroup | 29 July 2015 11:34:17 |
Solid | massive structure, e.i. not consisting of loose agglutinated particles. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Solid | 23 February 2017 12:44:51 |
Solitary | Living alone, not gregarious (Thompson 1995). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Solitary | 7 November 2014 16:20:48 |
Sometimes present | Species that are reported as present but only 'sometimes'. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sometimes present | 6 May 2015 12:01:48 |
Source country and/or sea area | Country or sea area which is the known source area of the introduced species or population. The source area could be the native range of the species or a known introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Source country and/or sea area | 2 June 2015 17:09:37 |
SpecialisedStage | A specialised dormancy or diapause stage in the life cycle of the organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SpecialisedStage | 3 June 2015 11:46:38 |
Species Importance To Society | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Species Importance To Society | 6 May 2015 12:12:27 | |
Spermcast | Male gametes are spawned and fertilize eggs within or attached to parent | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Spermcast | 3 June 2015 10:31:31 |
Sphere | A sphere or globe | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sphere | 14 May 2015 11:32:07 |
SplashZone | Region of the shore immediately above the highest levels of the water that is subject to wetting by splash from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SplashZone | 15 July 2015 15:45:01 |
Sponginous | composed of spongin, fibrous protein component of the horny sponges (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sponginous | 14 March 2017 08:09:22 |
Sporogenesis | Reproduction via spores | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sporogenesis | 3 June 2015 09:40:23 |
SprayZone | Region of the shore immediately above the splash zone that is subject to wetting by the spray from breaking waves (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SprayZone | 28 May 2015 14:17:49 |
Stacks | Stacks of indivudal cells/frustules (e.g. in diatoms), like a pack of cards. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stacks | 10 November 2014 10:06:51 |
StandardLength | 1) The measurement from the most anterior tip of the body to the midlateral posterior edge of the hypural plate (in fish with a hypural plate) or to the posterior end of the vertebral column (in fish lacking hypural plates). It may be restricted to the tip of the snout if the lower jaw projects. The base of the caudal fin (end of the vertebral column or posterior edge of the hypural plate) is determined by flexing the tail up while the caudal peduncle is held down. The resultant wrinkle or caudal flexure indicates the caudal base. It may also be determined by probing or dissection. Sometimes the posteriormost point is the last scale, the last pored scale or the beginning of the caudal fin rays. It is the usual scientific measurement for length of a fish except in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. This measurement is used because long-preserved fish often lose the tips of the caudal fin rays through breakage after the desiccation effect of alcohol. See total length and fork length. In Holocephali the length is usually taken from the tip of the snout to the origin of the upper caudal fin because the caudal filament breaks off frequently. In Scaridae it is taken back to the rear margin of the second to last lateral line scale, because the large scales obscure the point of caudal flexure. In small dead fish, the end point is detected by bending the caudal fin to one side. In fishery work, as a result of the use of the measuring board, standard-, fork- and total length are taken from the most anterior part of the head. Abbreviated as SL. (FishBase) 2) Standard length (SL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin. (Wikipedia) Standard length measurements are used with Teleostei (most bony fish), while total length measurements are used with Myxini (hagfish), Petromyzontiformes (lampreys), and (usually) Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), as well as some other fishes. (Wikipedia) 3) Standard length (SL) can be specified as: a) Maximum length: Size (in cm) of the largest male/unsexed or female specimen ever caught. (FishBase); b) Common length: Size (in cm) at which male/unsexed or female specimen(s) are commonly caught or marketed. (FishBase). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StandardLength | 19 December 2016 14:22:17 |
Stellate | Arranged like a star. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stellate | 10 November 2014 10:07:37 |
StickyMucus | Tentacles used to collect particluate food (e.g. polychaete deposit feeders) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StickyMucus | 28 May 2015 11:53:31 |
Stinging | Tentacles that bear stinging cells to catch, subdue prey (e.g. Cnidaria) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Stinging | 7 November 2014 14:46:24 |
StraitSound | Channels between the mainland and an island or between two islands which are open at both ends to the open coast (it does not refer to similar features or narrows within marine inlets). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StraitSound | 29 May 2015 16:39:52 |
Strandline | A line on the shore composing debris deposited by a receding tide; commonly used to denote the line of debris at the level of extreme high water (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Strandline | 2 June 2015 14:00:17 |
Straplike | In the form of a strap or ribbon. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Straplike | 10 November 2014 10:08:20 |
Strong | 3 to 6 knots (1.5-3 m/sec.) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Strong | 1 June 2015 13:29:53 |
StunAttack | An organism that uses pulses of electricity or sound to stun prey (e.g. pistol shrimp) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:StunAttack | 28 May 2015 10:06:03 |
Sublittoral | 1) The zone exposed to air only at its upper limit by the lowest spring tides, although almost continuous wave action on extremely exposed coasts may extend the upper limit high into the intertidal region. The sublittoral extends from the upper limit of the large kelps and includes, for practical purposes in nearshore areas, all depths below the littoral. Various sub-zones are recognized (based on Hiscock, 1985). 2) The marine zone extending from the lowest limit of the intertidal to the outer edge of the continental slope (rephrased from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Sublittoral | 28 May 2015 15:22:57 |
SublittoralFringe | The upper part of the sublittoral zone which is uncovered by the tide. On hard substrata, the zone is characterized by the kelps Laminaria digitata and Alaria esculenta. The lower limit of this zone is marked by the upper limit of the truly sublittoral kelp Laminaria hyperborea (based on Lewis, 1964; Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SublittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 14:16:11 |
Substratum | An organism that provide substratum for specific other organisms, rarely found on other organisms, a ubiquitous relationship. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Substratum | 20 May 2015 16:23:45 |
SubstratumHabitat | Description of the substratum on or in which an organism is found or recorded. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubstratumHabitat | 2 June 2015 09:09:38 |
SubsurfaceDepositFeeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within the substratum (e.g. Echinocardium cordatum) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubsurfaceDepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:41:26 |
SubsurfaceSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SubsurfaceSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:13:17 | |
Suctorial | Appendages that bear suckers on muscular arms to hold and subdue prey (e.g cephalopods) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Suctorial | 28 May 2015 11:24:53 |
Support | An organism that provides 'support' for other organisms, either as a host for a symbiote or parasite, or as substratum for epibiota. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Support | 29 July 2015 11:38:59 |
SupportingStructuresEnclosures | Hard framework, internal or external, which supports and protects softer parts of plant, animal or unicellular organism, and to which muscles usually attach in animals, includes skeletons (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures | 23 February 2017 11:14:46 |
Supralittoral | 1) The lower terrestrial zone, characteristically dominated by orange and white-to-grey lichens on hard substrata with scattered salt-tolerant higher plants and mosses (Hiscock, 1996). 2) The region of the shore directly above the highest water level and subject to wetting by spray or wave splash (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Supralittoral | 28 May 2015 14:17:00 |
SurfaceDabbling | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDabbling | 15 July 2015 16:13:41 | |
SurfaceDepositFeeder | An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter on the surface of the substratum (e.g. Corophium volutator) (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDepositFeeder | 22 May 2015 13:42:07 |
SurfaceDipping | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDipping | 15 July 2015 15:49:04 | |
SurfaceDiving | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceDiving | 7 November 2014 12:21:36 | |
SurfacePlunging | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfacePlunging | 15 July 2015 16:14:18 | |
SurfaceSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SurfaceSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:14:44 | |
SuspensionFeeder | Organisms that strain food from the surrounding water. They can range in complexity from sponges and corals to baleen whales. They live on organisms or debris that drifts past them, or they seek out small floating or swimming organisms (Charton, 2001). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SuspensionFeeder | 13 December 2016 15:02:13 |
Swimmer | An organism that moves through the water column via movements of its cilia, flagella, fins, legs or appendages, via undulatory movements of the body or via jet propulsion (e.g. Gadus, Loligo). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Swimmer | 14 May 2015 15:55:24 |
Swimming | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Swimming | 7 November 2014 13:11:25 |
SymbiontContribution | Where some dietary component(s) are provided by symbiotic organisms (e.g. Anemonia with zooxanthellae). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SymbiontContribution | 29 July 2015 11:27:03 |
Symbiotic | An association between two organisms. The term may bused to describe all associations between organisms of the same or different species. It is usually reserved for associations that are mutually beneficial (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Symbiotic | 20 May 2015 16:02:30 |
Tadpole | Having the body form of a tadpole i.e. consisting of a round head with a tail. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tadpole | 10 November 2014 10:08:59 |
Talons | e.g. birds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Talons | 7 November 2014 15:04:44 |
TaxonSpecificBodySize | The measure of body size specific to a taxonomic group. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySize | 18 December 2019 13:21:30 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. (Wikipedia) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySizeFish | 7 June 2016 11:30:00 |
TaxonSpecificBodySizeMacroAlgae | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TaxonSpecificBodySizeMacroAlgae | 5 December 2019 14:10:19 | |
TempRange | Min/Max Value | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TempRange | 15 July 2015 16:15:39 |
TemporaryAttachment | An organism that can temporarily attach to a substratum but is able to release its attachment, and move across (or through) it (i.e. sedentary) (e.g. Actinia). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TemporaryAttachment | 17 July 2015 14:08:32 |
Tentacles | A slender, flexible limb or appendage in an animal, especially around the mouth of an invertebrate, used for grasping or moving about, or bearing sense organs (OED). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tentacles | 28 May 2015 11:48:46 |
Terrestrial | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Terrestrial | 6 May 2015 15:01:37 | |
Territorial | Independent but maintains a defined territory | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Territorial | 20 May 2015 16:19:08 |
TidalStrength | The horizontal movement of water associated with the meteorological, oceanographical and topographical factors. High water flow rates result in areas where water is forced through or over restrictions for example narrows or around protruding offshore rocks. Tidal streams are associated with the rise and fall of the tide where as currents are defined as residual flow after the tidal element is removed (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TidalStrength | 1 June 2015 13:28:58 |
Tolerance | Based on AMBI | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tolerance | 2 June 2015 14:12:30 |
TotalLength | 1) The greatest length of the whole body between the most anterior point of the body and the most posterior point, in a straight line, not over the curve of the body. Sometimes, when there are two equal lobes, the caudal rays are squeezed together and their tip is taken as the most posterior point (excluding the caudal filaments), or the longest lobe is squeezed to the midline (maximum length or extreme tip length). Also an imaginary line may be drawn between the two lobe tips and length to its mid-point taken as the most posterior point (total auxiliary length or bilobular length). Usually the tip of the most posterior lobe of the fin in normal position is taken as the posteriormost point (total normal length or natural tip length). Total length is used by taxonomists in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, usually in Elasmobranchii and sometimes in other fishes. Standard length is usually employed with Teleostei. Abbreviated TL. (FishBase)
Total length measurements are used in slot limit and minimum landing size regulations. (Wikipedia) 3) Total length (TL) can be specified as:
| http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TotalLength | 7 June 2016 11:35:59 |
Trapezoid | a convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is referred to as a trapezoid in American and Canadian English but as a trapezium in English | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Trapezoid | 10 November 2014 10:09:54 |
Traps | An organism that uses traps such as sticky threads or webbing (e.g. spiders) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Traps | 28 May 2015 10:00:54 |
TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TrendsInNewRecordsOfNonIndigenousSpeciesIntroducedByHumanActivities | 5 December 2019 12:47:49 |
TruncatedCone | Cone with flattended top (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TruncatedCone | 14 May 2015 11:24:43 |
Tubicolous | An organism that lives in a tube of its own construction (e.g. mucus, bound sand grains, Calcium carbonate etc). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Tubicolous | 29 July 2015 11:58:35 |
Turbinate | Whorled (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Turbinate | 10 November 2014 10:11:16 |
Turf | The lowest stratum of erect branching or filiform species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Turf | 7 November 2014 16:54:26 |
TypeI | Species very sensitive to organic enrichment and present under unpolluted conditions (initial state). They include the specialist carnivores and some deposit-feeding tubicolous polychaetes. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeI | 6 May 2015 15:01:58 |
TypeII | Species indifferent to enrichment, always present in low densities with non-significant variations with time (from initial state, to slight unbalance). These include suspension feeders, less selective carnivores and scavengers. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeII | 6 May 2015 15:02:06 |
TypeIII | Species tolerant to excess organic matter enrichment. These species may occur under normal conditions, but their populations are stimulated by organic richment (slight unbalance situations). They are surface deposit-feeding species, as tubicolous spionids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeIII | 6 May 2015 15:02:18 |
TypeIV | Second-order opportunistic species (slight to pronounced unbalanced situations). Mainly small sized polychaetes: subsurface deposit-feeders, such as cirratulids. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeIV | 6 May 2015 15:02:26 |
TypeV | First-order opportunistic species (pronounced unbalanced situations). These are deposit- feeders, which proliferate in reduced sediments. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypeV | 6 May 2015 15:03:19 |
TypicalSpeciesComposition | Common in OSPAR Region IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:TypicalSpeciesComposition | 5 December 2019 12:06:34 |
UltraSheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch measured in tens or at most a few hundred metres. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UltraSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:45:38 |
Under10 | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Under10 | 24 November 2014 16:48:04 | |
UnderBoulders | Habitat associated with the underside of boulders. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderBoulders | 2 June 2015 14:01:12 |
UnderIce | The habitat formed by the underside of ice sheets at the interface of frozen ice and fluid seawater. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderIce | 28 May 2015 15:46:03 |
UnderwaterSeizing | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderwaterSeizing | 15 July 2015 16:16:11 | |
UnderwaterSwimming | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UnderwaterSwimming | 15 July 2015 16:18:10 | |
Unitary | Organisms that grow by a determinate pathway of development of a tightly canalized adult form, e.g. all arthropods and vertebrates (from Begon et al., 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Unitary | 14 May 2015 10:10:04 |
Univoltine | One generation per year / annuals (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Univoltine | 3 June 2015 10:48:11 |
UpperCircalittoral | Dominated by animals with sparse foliose algae except where grazed. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata distinguished by the presence of scattered foliose algae amongst the dominating animals; its lower limit is the maximum limit of depth for foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperCircalittoral | 28 May 2015 15:27:07 |
UpperEulittoral | Barnacles and limpets present in quantity with Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum although often this belt has only sparse algal cover compared with the lower eulittoral (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperEulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:42:27 |
UpperInfralittoral | The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperInfralittoral | 28 May 2015 15:25:11 |
UpperLittoralFringe | Top of the littoral fringe, characterized by Verrucaria maura with Littorina saxatilis and Littorina neritoides often present. May include saltmarsh species on shale/pebbles in shelter (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpperLittoralFringe | 28 May 2015 15:19:40 |
UpwardsConveyor | Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically head-down at depth in the sediment, and that transport particles from depth to the sediment surface (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:UpwardsConveyor | 28 May 2015 08:52:33 |
Variable | mixed and variable material | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Variable | 23 February 2017 14:06:59 |
Vegetation | Attached or stuck to vegetation, e.g. opistobranchs, mermaid purses, cephalopod eggs etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vegetation | 3 June 2015 11:11:16 |
Vegetative | Asexual reproduction via somatic growth processes, fragmentation, fission, or budding (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vegetative | 3 June 2015 11:21:13 |
Veliger | A free-swimming molluscan larva, characterized by lobed extensions of the peroral trochus (velum), larval shell and rudimentary foot (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Veliger | 30 June 2015 11:26:16 |
VentralBuccalOrgan | variable set of folds, musculature and glands, present on the ventral side of many polychaetes, is usually referred to as a ventral proboscis and is the most common form in Polychaetes. The ventral proboscis may be a simple eversible muscular pad, the outer end of these pharynges may be frilled and densely ciliated. Other species have the lateral walls of the proboscis folded and broadly connected ventrally to a deep buccal organ, others have a ventral proboscis also present. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VentralBuccalOrgan | 28 May 2015 13:34:38 |
VentralMuscularProboscis | The ventral and lateral walls of the buccal region are muscular and the lining is sclerotized into a varying number of eversible jaw pieces. The jaws are separated into a pair of ventral mandibles and two or more pairs of lateral maxillae. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VentralMuscularProboscis | 28 May 2015 13:32:47 |
Vermiform | Worm-like | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vermiform | 7 November 2014 17:25:46 |
VermiformAnnulated | Worm like but lacking true segments although annuli may be present, e.g. roundworms (Nematoda) and ribbon worms (Nemertea). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformAnnulated | 15 July 2015 16:18:40 |
VermiformSegmented | Worm-like with the body divided into semi-independent, serially repeated units (Barnes et al., 1993) e.g. Annelida. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformSegmented | 15 July 2015 16:18:59 |
VermiformUnsegmented | Worm-like where the external surface is divided into a chain of rings or 'annuli' by furrows giving the appearance of segments (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VermiformUnsegmented | 14 May 2015 11:50:47 |
VerticalBiologicalZone | A description of the vertical biological zone or zonation in which an organism resides. The zone is determined by depth, physical, chemical and biological factors. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VerticalBiologicalZone | 8 July 2015 08:49:52 |
VeryExposed | 1) Open coasts which face into prevailing winds and which receive wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions for several hundred kilometres, but where deep water is not close to the shore (50 m depth contour further than about 300 m). 2) Open coasts adjacent to extremely exposed sites but which face away from prevailing winds. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryExposed | 1 June 2015 11:41:38 |
VerySheltered | Coasts with a fetch less than about 3 km where they face prevailing winds or about 20 km where they face away from prevailing winds, or which have offshore obstructions such as reefs or a narrow (<30°) open water window. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VerySheltered | 1 June 2015 11:46:09 |
VeryStrong | >6 knots (>3 m/sec) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryStrong | 15 July 2015 15:45:57 |
VeryWeak | Negligible | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:VeryWeak | 1 June 2015 13:31:29 |
Viviparous | 1) Producing live offspring from within the body of the parent (Lincoln et al., 1998). 2) Development of an embryo within the body of the parent, in part, resources passing directly from parent to embryo (Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Viviparous | 3 June 2015 11:30:00 |
ViviparousCare | Offspring are nurtured and protected by the adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ViviparousCare | 3 June 2015 11:31:29 |
Vulnerable | A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Vulnerable | 4 December 2019 14:24:52 |
WadinginShallowWater | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WadinginShallowWater | 15 July 2015 16:19:49 | |
Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | Where the species alters water levels or causes nuisance fouling on boats/water structures. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Water abstraction or nuisance fouling | 6 May 2015 12:02:39 |
WaveExposed | Defined via traits - but included as some authors do not specify level of wave exposure. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveExposed | 1 June 2015 11:38:50 |
WaveExposure | Traits that describe the range of exposure to wave action in which the organism is recorded. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveExposure | 1 June 2015 12:08:23 |
WaveSheltered | Defined via traits below - included as some authors do not specify | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WaveSheltered | 1 June 2015 11:44:27 |
Weak | <1 knot (<0.5 m/sec) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Weak | 1 June 2015 13:32:04 |
Whiplike | In the form of a whip. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Whiplike | 10 November 2014 10:11:52 |
Width | A measurement or extent of something from side to side; the lesser of two or the least of three dimensions of a body (OED) Note: For width you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Width | 7 June 2016 11:47:52 |
WidthOfDisc | The greatest distance between the lateral tips of the pectoral fins in Rajiformes. (FishBase) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:WidthOfDisc | 7 June 2016 11:41:06 |
Wingspan | In birds (Aves) - "the distance between the wing tips when the wings are held outstretched" (Wikipedia) or "wingtip to wingtip in flight" (BTO). In winged insects (Insecta) - "may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body" (Wikipedia) Note: For wingspan you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Wingspan | 7 June 2016 11:47:48 |
Zoea | Fourth free-swimming larval stage of Decapoda, with thoracic appendages for locomotion (see Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Zoea | 7 December 2015 15:25:53 |