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• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
  {{Definition|title=Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
  857 bytes (110 words) - 21:42, 1 March 2022
• Common biomarkers for the assessment of marine pollution
  ...an, H.M., 2000. Biomarkers in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the assessment and monitoring of water quality of the St Lawrence river (Canada). Aquatic ...significant, the response of the organisms to these [[pollutant]]s by the assessment of biomarkers, i.e. parameters that reflect their effects at the molecular,
  24 KB (3,412 words) - 18:18, 5 November 2019
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...isk assessments are confronted with. The application of environmental risk assessment of marine activites is then illustrated in a case study focusing Merchant S ...economic impacts assessment, extinction or total catch in ecological risk assessment.
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• References for environmental risk assessment
  ...://www.nap.edu/catalog/6126/review-of-the-prince-william-sound-alaska-risk-assessment-study, Washington, USA Covello, V.T. & Merkhofer, M.W. (1993). Risk Assessment Methods Approaches for Assessing Health and Environmental Risks. Plenum, Ne
  9 KB (1,167 words) - 17:14, 1 August 2020
• Assessment of training needs
  #REDIRECT[[Training Needs Analysis]]
  36 bytes (4 words) - 16:21, 20 January 2013
• European Union - Strategic Environmental Assessment
  #REDIRECT[[Strategic Environmental Assessment]]
  47 bytes (4 words) - 22:11, 18 January 2013
• Strategic Environmental Assessment
  {{Definition|title=Strategic Environmental Assessment ...programmes. It is sometimes referred to as Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Environmental_Assessment</ref>.}
  5 KB (627 words) - 15:24, 7 October 2021
• Environmental risk assessment for pollution of marine activities
  #REDIRECT [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities]]
  64 bytes (7 words) - 16:55, 20 November 2007
• Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP)
  ...oduce a series of thematic assessments, leading to a further comprehensive assessment in 2010.}}
  719 bytes (104 words) - 12:43, 28 March 2012
• Capacity Assessment in ICZM
  ...acities; this assessment generates an understanding of capacity assets and needs, which in turn leads to the formulation of [[Capacity Development]] respons ...ptimize existing capacities that are strong and well place. The [[Capacity Assessment]] also sets the baseline for ongoing monitoring and evaluation progress aga
  4 KB (499 words) - 15:55, 28 August 2020
• Assessment
  {{ Definition| title = Assessment ...policy but does not prescribe particular policies<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis Report, Island Press</ref
  332 bytes (40 words) - 13:49, 19 November 2020
• Capacity Assessment
  {{Definition|title=Capacity Assessment .../capacity-building/undp-capacity-assessment-methodology.html UNDP Capacity Assessment Users Guide]</ref>.}}
  1 KB (152 words) - 10:50, 1 September 2020
• Integrated Assessment
  ===Integrated Assessment=== This article gives a brief overview on the concept of integrated assessment approaches, describing procedures and working phases to be organized.
  12 KB (1,633 words) - 14:45, 31 July 2020
• Deciding on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for ICZM
  Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is not compulsory but it could be initiated early in the ICZM Process ...opment, SOURCEBOOK 2: Methods & Techniques. Strategic environmental impact assessment. EU Regional Policy, INFOREGIO, 2009)
  6 KB (833 words) - 11:14, 25 July 2020
• OSPAR eutrophication assessment
  ...ation processes which are differentiated in four categories of qualitative assessment criteria for application in the Comprehensive Procedure:</P> <P ALIGN="justify">These assessment criteria can be different for the three maritime areas with regard to eutro
  17 KB (2,396 words) - 11:11, 20 February 2024
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  Policy makers and coastal managers require tools for the rapid assessment of coastal flooding and erosion risk, the prioritisation of areas where int ...will generally integrate the relevant environmental models, database and assessment tools - coupled within a Graphic User Interface (GUI). Spatial problems su
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Comprehensive assessment of coastal regions: the Russian example
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  22 KB (2,907 words) - 16:17, 11 July 2020
• Valuation and assessment of biodiversity
  The definition of the value of marine areas has to be based on the assessment of areas against a set of objectively chosen ecological criteria, making be ...practical algorithms to evaluate the criteria and the final scoring of all assessment questions:
  12 KB (1,809 words) - 17:32, 2 March 2024

Page text matches

• Index of vulnerability of littorals to oil pollution
  ...that it does not impose a fixed sorting: each user can adapt it to its own needs. ...ic, T.H. 2018. Oil spill modeling: Risk, spatial vulnerability, and impact assessment. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42: 112-127
  18 KB (2,637 words) - 16:47, 6 February 2024
• Port breakwaters and coastal erosion
  ==Assessment framework==
  7 KB (1,098 words) - 16:44, 5 July 2020
• Detached shore parallel breakwaters
  ...ICZM]]). Sustainable shoreline erosion control measures demand an adequate assessment of economic, social and environmental aspects not only for the construction
  6 KB (878 words) - 20:33, 4 July 2020
• Eutrophication
  * [[OSPAR eutrophication assessment]]
  3 KB (352 words) - 16:15, 14 February 2024
• Definitions of coastal terms
  ...y between land and sea, a proxy of the instantaneous [[shoreline]] for the assessment of erosion or accretion trends. See: [[Coastline]]. ===Environmental impact assessment (EIA)===
  79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
• Human causes of coastal erosion
  ...of a new fast ferry route is therefore to perform an environmental impact assessment study <ref> Glamore, W.C. 2005. A Decision Support Tool for Assessing the I
  29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
• Detached breakwaters
  ...reakwaters is taken into account when carrying out an environmental impact assessment for a port. In the ideal case offshore breakwaters hardly influence coastal
  31 KB (4,715 words) - 23:55, 30 March 2024
• Waves
  ...used classification is<ref>Cornett, A. 2008. A global wave energy resource assessment. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering C
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
• Statistical description of wave parameters
  ...s. 115, C09024</ref><ref>Karmpadakis, I., Swan, C. and Christou, M., 2020. Assessment of wave height distributions using an extensive field database. Coastal Eng
  24 KB (3,898 words) - 13:12, 23 November 2023
• Closure depth
  Udo et al. (2020)<ref>Udo, K., Ranasinghe, R. and Takeda, Y. 2020. An assessment of measured and computed depth of closure around Japan. Sci. Rep. 10, 2987<
  23 KB (3,596 words) - 12:03, 24 April 2024
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
  {{Definition|title=Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
  857 bytes (110 words) - 21:42, 1 March 2022
• Sea level rise
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D.
  41 KB (6,164 words) - 16:08, 21 January 2024
• Setback area
  ...imum retreat following an extreme event<ref>Audere, M. and Robin, M. 2021. Assessment of the vulnerability of sandy coasts to erosion (short and medium term) for
  5 KB (760 words) - 22:43, 13 January 2022
• Shoreline management
  ...roach to Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)]]. ICZM involves the comprehensive assessment, setting of objectives, planning and management of coastal systems and reso | style="border:2px solid lightblue;text-align:left"| Assessment of environmental impact.
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Slapton barrier beach case study, UK
  The overall assessment of the January 2001 event is that it was caused by a combination of beach l
  3 KB (404 words) - 12:52, 6 July 2020
• FUTURECOAST project, UK
  • assessment of the implications of [[foreshore]] response on [[backshore]] features; • wider-scale geomorphological assessment of this coastal response (e.g. feedback interactions); and
  20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
• Shoreline Management Plans, UK
  ...for defence and conservation, these must be resolved by the environmental assessment.
  3 KB (404 words) - 17:08, 13 July 2020
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...Agardy, T. and Alder, J. (coordinating authors) 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Chapter 19 Coastal Systems. [https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...asic research is required to strengthen the scientific foundation for risk assessment: e.g., baseline studies on endocrine dysfunction across classes of animals *[[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities]]
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Marine biological valuation maps - an example from Belgium
  [[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity|Biological valuation maps (BVMs)]] are maps showing the int
  3 KB (451 words) - 17:24, 2 March 2024
• Total economic value in coastal management practice
  ...s is where the concept of sustainability comes into play, stating that the needs of future generations should also be met. ...this method, valuation criteria are not expressed exclusively in money. An assessment grade can be given to criteria for which a good monetary estimate is not po
  11 KB (1,658 words) - 18:45, 3 March 2024
• Economic valuation of goods and services of the UK coastal and marine ecosystem
  ...processes and components that provide goods and services to satisfy human needs, directly or indirectly. Enhancing or impairing one of the ecosystem proces :[[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity]]
  9 KB (1,305 words) - 13:08, 4 March 2024
• Marine biological value
  ...for evaluating natural areas. Environ. Manage. 10, 715-734.</ref>: ‘the assessment of ecosystem qualities per se, regardless of their social interests’ (i.e [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  1 KB (209 words) - 18:05, 21 February 2024
• Temp Main Page
  Impact-assessment tools and environmental techniques for recovery of coastal habitats.<br> ...p style="border-right:1px solid #a3b1bf"|[[Image:Theme07_40.png| Theme 7 : Assessment of biodiversity change.]]||
  5 KB (584 words) - 14:05, 20 September 2007
• The Aarhus Convention
  ...ese requirements are similar to the ones for an [[EIA|Environmental Impact Assessment]]. The public participation requirements are:
  7 KB (1,101 words) - 21:34, 11 July 2020
• EIA
  #REDIRECT [[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]]
  51 bytes (5 words) - 14:57, 21 February 2007
• DeCyDe for Sustainability Policy tool
  ...yle="color:#21409A; Font-size: 130%">'''Measuring sustainability: The self-assessment of sustainability using indicators and a means of scoring them'''.</span> ...tation of the SUSTAIN indicator set and the DeCyDe-for-Sustainability self-assessment tool with detail and information on how to use the indicator set and how to
  25 KB (3,543 words) - 21:40, 7 August 2021
• Water Framework Directive
  ...ances the status of aquatic [[ecosystems]] and, with regard to their water needs, terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on the aquatic ecos To facilitate the assessment of the ecological and chemical status of the water bodies, the objectives h
  12 KB (1,701 words) - 17:38, 3 September 2020
• Oil spill monitoring
  ...maintain the balance of the local ecosystem, but will also provide damage assessment and help to identify the polluters. ..., Vandemark, D., Mouche, A., Chapron, B., Li, H. and Foster, R.C. 2020. An assessment of marine atmospheric boundary layer roll detection using Sentinel-1 SAR da
  12 KB (1,825 words) - 22:46, 9 February 2024
• Scenario development
  ...and M. Zurek (Eds). (2010): Ecosystems and human well-being: a manual for assessment practitioners. Island Press</ref>; Alcamo, 2010<ref>Alcamo, J. (2001): Scen ...s, Washington, DC http://www.millenniumassessment.org Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</ref>). The latter developed four scenarios describing alternative, global
  8 KB (1,179 words) - 11:50, 25 July 2020
• Optical remote sensing
  Optical multi- or hyperspectral sensor data allows the assessment of in-water properties, such as suspended matter or phytoplankton concentra
  7 KB (935 words) - 13:12, 7 December 2023
• Transport and dispersion of pollutants, nutrients, tracers in mixed nearshore water
  ...for the related [[environmental risk assessment of marine activities|risk assessment]], but strategies are also required for minimizing the hazard-related socio
  19 KB (2,775 words) - 16:03, 7 October 2021
• Analysis of coastal processes with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  ...uch shortcoming; however, they rely on time-lagged data, and thus the data needs to be sampled at constant time intervals. This is not usual in coastal appl ...ated. Next, the magnitudes of the variation of antinodes were used for the assessment of their amplitudes. Finally, the periods were established by determination
  25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
• Blue carbon sequestration
  ...Young, C.; Foseca, L.; Grimsditch, G. (Eds.) Blue Carbon: A Rapid Response Assessment; United Nations Environmental Programme and GRID-Arendal: Arendal, Norway, ...a robust scientific basis for coastal carbon conservation, management and assessment.
  41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
• Tidal asymmetry and tidal inlet morphodynamics
  .... and Majumdar, A. 2015. Quest for the determination of environmental flow assessment for hilsa fish of the Hooghly estuary by hydraulic rating method. ARPN Jour
  53 KB (8,417 words) - 12:56, 20 January 2024
• Common biomarkers for the assessment of marine pollution
  ...an, H.M., 2000. Biomarkers in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the assessment and monitoring of water quality of the St Lawrence river (Canada). Aquatic ...significant, the response of the organisms to these [[pollutant]]s by the assessment of biomarkers, i.e. parameters that reflect their effects at the molecular,
  24 KB (3,412 words) - 18:18, 5 November 2019
• Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
  ...pographic Lidar are given in Populus et al. 2001<ref>Populus et al., 2001. Assessment of the Lidar topographic technique over a coastal area. CoastGIS’01, Seco
  15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
• Argus applications
  ...ditional advantage of a posteriori data selection including the consistent assessment of storm damage to public and private property and the early recognition of
  10 KB (1,502 words) - 21:31, 10 August 2020
• Environmental risk assessment of marine activities
  ...isk assessments are confronted with. The application of environmental risk assessment of marine activites is then illustrated in a case study focusing Merchant S ...economic impacts assessment, extinction or total catch in ecological risk assessment.
  36 KB (5,430 words) - 20:20, 18 September 2023
• Case study risk analysis of marine activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...hin this area as well as the main hazards have been considered. A release assessment has also been considered looking at accident frequency, accident consequenc During the hazard identification step, an assessment is made of what can go wrong. Given the focus of RAMA on shipping, historic
  17 KB (2,600 words) - 21:25, 31 July 2019
• References for environmental risk assessment
  ...://www.nap.edu/catalog/6126/review-of-the-prince-william-sound-alaska-risk-assessment-study, Washington, USA Covello, V.T. & Merkhofer, M.W. (1993). Risk Assessment Methods Approaches for Assessing Health and Environmental Risks. Plenum, Ne
  9 KB (1,167 words) - 17:14, 1 August 2020
• North Sea pollution from shipping: legal framework
  ...ing in [[pollution]] and the direction and speed of movement thereof. This assessment and any action that it has taken to deal with the oil or other harmful subs *[[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities]]
  52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
• Reduction of uncertainties through Data Model Integration (DMI)
  ...in manufacturing processes. How DMI can be used to support monitoring and assessment of marine systems is also schematized in Figure 1. ...re|Figure 1: Data Model Integration approach to support the monitoring and assessment of marine systems]]
  22 KB (3,245 words) - 17:54, 2 July 2020
• Acoustic monitoring of marine mammals
  ...LY, L.L. MCDONALD & D.G. ROBERTSON (Eds.) (1999): Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam and Brookfield.
  5 KB (788 words) - 11:38, 17 February 2024
• Measuring instruments for bed material sampling
  ...certain assumptions are satisfied, offers a practical methodology for the assessment of transport pathways of a variety of sediments across wider temporal and s
  6 KB (901 words) - 22:03, 19 August 2020
• Endocrine disrupting compounds in the coastal environment
  ...(1997) ''Special report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis''. Office of Research and Development, EPA/630/R-96/012, Washi ...centrations of selected hazardous substances in sediments and biota. CEMP assessment report: 2008/2009. Publication Number: 390/2009 (http://qsr2010.ospar.org/m
  13 KB (1,849 words) - 18:09, 3 August 2020
• Capacity Building Needs Associated to the ICZM Cycle
  Second, teaching and learning experiences, together with a few systematic needs assessments conducted at the field level, have provided rich insights as to Third, a number of institutions have been examining the needs for learning and performing of the multiple tasks that are required of a co
  16 KB (2,332 words) - 21:07, 28 August 2020
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  The coastal Zone is one of the priority areas where society urgently needs advanced governance systems to set the stage for sustainable decision makin ...plexity and methods for up scaling and comparative integrated analysis and assessment were supporting cross cutting activities. A key activity focused on capacit
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• The Capacity Building Concept
  ...findings, to develop a strategy and action plan that addresses identified needs to meet the challenges of global environmental action. ...provide financial resources to developing countries to meet their capacity needs for training, technical know how and strengthening national institutions.
  10 KB (1,426 words) - 15:36, 4 October 2021
• Formal Capacity Building
  ...b-national scales (see also [[Past initiatives to define capacity building needs in ICZM]]). ...</ref> key recommendations-, to meet 2 kinds of needs: short-term training needs which provide an orientation to the ICZM field and develop specific skills;
  12 KB (1,722 words) - 15:10, 5 October 2021
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...d Climate panel was chaired by Robert Corell, Chair, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Panel participants included: Ambassador Gunnar Pálsson, Director, Departm ...c Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report (2004)|Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report]] documents [[climate change|climatic changes]] in the ci
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• EUROSION project
  * A map-based assessment of European coasts exposure to coastal erosion; * Guidelines to incorporate coastal erosion into environmental assessment, spatial planning and hazard prevention; and
  3 KB (393 words) - 15:08, 28 June 2019
• Convention on Migratory Species
  ...ny of these species. Migratory species are important from a climate impact assessment perspective as they act as linkages between [[ecosystems]], and are good in
  3 KB (473 words) - 17:05, 1 August 2019
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  * local authorities have limited financial resources for monitoring and assessment of the state of the coast and for [[Ecosystem restoration|restoration]] mea [[Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management|Establishment of flood and erosion risk maps]] <br/>
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• European Union - Strategic Environmental Assessment
  #REDIRECT[[Strategic Environmental Assessment]]
  47 bytes (4 words) - 22:11, 18 January 2013
• Carrying capacity analysis
  ..., H. and Mexa, A. (eds) (2004), The Challenge of Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment: Theory and Practice, Ashgate, Aldershot</ref>). ...es of action, impact assessment, etc). The assessment of carrying capacity needs to be considered in the context of a democratic community strategic plannin
  6 KB (819 words) - 17:17, 1 September 2020
• Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Zone Management
  ...such as [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/home.htm Environmental Impact Assessment] and [http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/reports
  5 KB (659 words) - 13:42, 16 February 2024
• Strategic Environmental Assessment
  {{Definition|title=Strategic Environmental Assessment ...programmes. It is sometimes referred to as Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Environmental_Assessment</ref>.}
  5 KB (627 words) - 15:24, 7 October 2021
• Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, NATURA 2000
  | 2001 – 2006 || 2007 (2008/9) || First assessment of conservation status based on best available data (based among others on ...assessment of conservation status, based on established monitoring system. Assessment of effectiveness of measures taken under the directive.
  7 KB (1,054 words) - 15:00, 7 October 2021
• Oxygen sensors
  For the assessment of biological processes under varying salinity (estuary, coastal waters) an
  15 KB (2,361 words) - 13:56, 20 August 2020
• PH sensors
  ....1 pH units and a resolution of at least 0.01 pH units is required. For an assessment of the CO₂/CO₃ systems even a higher accuracy is nece
  3 KB (402 words) - 21:10, 29 June 2019
• PCO2 sensors
  ...t simultaneously, measures the CO2, and H2O mole fractions. The gas stream needs no drying prior to infrared gas detection as the biasing effect of water va These systems were successfully applied in the assessment of regional and global carbon budgets and for the detection of biological p
  5 KB (681 words) - 15:00, 20 August 2020
• Harmful algal bloom
  ...of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis with climate change: health risks assessment and policy strategies for management. Harmful Algal Blooms and Climate Chan
  23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
• Decision support tools
  ==DSS for risk assessment== Decision support systems are often used for risk assessment, for example, to specify and prioritize vulnerable locations and risk areas
  12 KB (1,735 words) - 20:16, 18 September 2023
• Regional economic accounting methods
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  3 KB (463 words) - 15:58, 13 July 2020
• Input-output matrix
  ...agricultural products. That is important since the agriculture sector also needs industrial products and services to generate its production. The same can b [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  12 KB (1,790 words) - 16:15, 8 July 2020
• Supply chain analysis
  ...simulation model, not a model of optimization. This method can be used for assessment of policies targeting a whole sector, a sub-sector or a branch of economic [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  6 KB (889 words) - 21:21, 13 July 2020
• Computable general equilibrium
  ...e survey (Böhringer, 2004)<ref>Böhringer C., 2004. Sustainability impact assessment : the use of computable general equilibrium models. Economie internationale [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  9 KB (1,259 words) - 14:06, 1 August 2019
• Green accounting
  ...it can serve to greening I-O tables with the aim to use them for economic assessment of environmental policy options. [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  3 KB (475 words) - 14:10, 1 August 2019
• Value Transfer
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  6 KB (864 words) - 17:19, 15 July 2020
• Hedonic Evaluation Approach
  The '''hedonic approach''' to economic assessment can be used for evaluating the [[economic value]] of environmental goods su ...quently applied methodology for the [[Values of amenities in coastal zones|assessment of natural values based on market values]].
  6 KB (856 words) - 17:18, 15 July 2020
• Evaluation of ICZM in Europe
  * Harmonise monitoring and assessment methodologies and indicators
  6 KB (841 words) - 12:43, 8 July 2020
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...development geared to operational personnel, see [[Assessment of training needs]]. ...its process and on equal partnership in its support''<ref>Lafontaine, A., Assessment of Capacity Development Efforts of Other Development Cooperation Agencies.
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Ballast water
  ...024. The compliance of the ship with the D-2 regulation is difficult as it needs more complex and precise testing to evaluate the complex organisms in the b * 2017 Guidelines for risk assessment under regulation A-4 of the BWM Convention (G7) (resolution MEPC.289(71));
  23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
• Sustainability indicators
  ...0). "A guide to community sustainability indicators." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 20: -*Elsevier*</ref>. ===Indicator assessment===
  17 KB (2,404 words) - 21:49, 7 August 2021
• Travel cost method
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  8 KB (1,259 words) - 21:18, 3 March 2022
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...in, M. 2007. Species distribution models and ecological theory: A critical assessment and some possible new approaches. Ecological modelling 200: 1-19</ref>. For ==Ecosystem health assessment==
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...[[BioMar]] an the ‘Joint assessment and monitoring programme’ ([[Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP)|JAMP]]). ...PR)|CPR]]), [[BioMar]], Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme ([[Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP)|JAMP]]), ICES fish stock monitoring and the
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Contingent Valuation Method
  ...ther valuation methods. First, the CVM method gives immediately a monetary assessment of respondents’ preferences. Second, the CVM method is the only valuation ...in 1981; the re-interpretation of CERCLA, in 1989; the Exxon Valdez damage assessment, in 1992, and, more recently, the NOAA panel<ref>NOAA – National Oceanic
  18 KB (2,682 words) - 23:08, 28 February 2022
• Multicriteria techniques
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  7 KB (948 words) - 10:50, 12 July 2020
• Impacts from maritime transport
  ...e Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. The survey employed in the environmental damage assessment followed the guidelines suggested by Carson et al.<ref>Carson, R. T., R. C. ...o beyond the traditional market or commercial losses into the total damage assessment valuation.
  9 KB (1,422 words) - 15:35, 20 September 2020
• Impacts caused by increasing urbanization
  ...esult in a [[coastal zone]] that is substantially developed. Thus a wider assessment of the effectiveness of regulations by measuring outcomes is required. Som ...ubject to demolition. The use of normal planning regulations for land use needs to be buttressed by special conditions that apply to littoral zones that ex
  16 KB (2,380 words) - 17:04, 15 July 2020
• Values of amenities in coastal zones
  ...Williams (1998) <ref>Morgan, R. and A.T. Williams (1998) “Video Panorama Assessment of Beach Landscape Aesthetics on the Coast of Wales”, Journal of Coastal ...from a fuzzy logic analysis. The methodology considers 26 coastal scenic assessment parameters which cover physical and human factors. They find top preferenc
  28 KB (4,449 words) - 22:00, 1 September 2020
• Eutrophication in coastal environments
  ...002) Coastal eutrophication and the Danish National Aquatic Monitoring and Assessment Program. Estuaries, 25, 706–719.[Medline]</ref> <ref>Rönnberg, C. and Bo
  18 KB (2,538 words) - 12:37, 30 March 2022
• Ocean acidification
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge Universi
  23 KB (3,352 words) - 11:49, 14 May 2024
• Participation in Bouches-du-Rhone
  ...actions for the coastal zone management; and secondly, a multidisciplinary assessment of priority environmental issues. This joint work describes the past evolut
  2 KB (240 words) - 13:14, 12 July 2020
• Eutrophication related monitoring tasks and WFD for coastal waters in Greece
  ...005 <ref name="ec">EC, 2005. Towards a guidance document on eutrophication assessment in the context of European water policies. Interim report in the frame of t ...ophication introduced prior to WFD, adopted and applied the eutrophication assessment criteria described hereafter (as for most affected gulfs as are Saronikos a
  26 KB (3,720 words) - 21:54, 1 August 2019
• Experiences with beach nourishments in Portugal
  ...liff Evolution: The Importance of Quantitative Studies for Hazard and Risk Assessment, and for Planning of Coastal Areas''. Colectânea de Ideias sobre a Zona Co ==Assessment of capital at risk==
  37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
• Sensitivity
  |definition= (conservation assessment) An assessment of the intolerance of a species or habitat to damage from an external facto
  947 bytes (136 words) - 11:12, 20 November 2007
• Environmental risk assessment for pollution of marine activities
  #REDIRECT [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities]]
  64 bytes (7 words) - 16:55, 20 November 2007
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
  *[[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]]
  6 KB (875 words) - 16:53, 5 October 2021
• Bottle and trap samplers
  ...Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, p. 16-39.</ref> <ref>Gardner, W.D.(1980) ''Field Assessment of Sediment Traps''. Journal of Marine Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, p. 41-52.<
  13 KB (1,984 words) - 12:21, 12 August 2020
• Public participation legislation
  ...ning. It was not until 1985, with the EC Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment, that international law really started to require EIAs, since directives ar ...ng. These requirements are similar to the ones for an Environmental Impact Assessment. The public participation requirements are:
  17 KB (2,514 words) - 15:57, 17 February 2024
• Beach scraping
  ...to the backshore<ref>Clark, R. 2005. Hurricane Dennis Supplemental Damage Assessment Report: Impact of Hurricane Dennis on Dog Island and Discussion of Post-Sto ...ne, C.A., Asenjo, A., Sanchez-Moyano, J.E. and García-García, F.J. 2016. Assessment the short-term effects of wrack removal on supralittoral arthropods using t
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• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  ...e US EPA leads the nation's environmental science, research, education and assessment efforts.
  441 bytes (64 words) - 14:16, 15 December 2008
• North Sea Conference
  ...e for the protection of the environment meet for a broad and comprehensive assessment of the measures needed to protect the North Sea environment. Participants t
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• Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP)
  ...oduce a series of thematic assessments, leading to a further comprehensive assessment in 2010.}}
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• Optical measurements in coastal waters
  Optical sensor data allows the assessment of in-water properties, such as suspended matter or [[phytoplankton]] conce
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• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...ow concentrations. Nevertheless, research should be carried out to improve assessment of different kinds of EDCs, identify the most sensitive areas and character ...Southern Europe regions, where coastal aquifers are overexploited for the needs of agriculture and the human population living near the sea. Some specific
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• European Context of Nutrient Dynamics
  ...E. Vignati, J. Frydendall, G. de Leeuw, U. Schwarz, and S. Reiset (2002), Assessment of the atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur inputs into the North Sea using a L ...> Wollast, R. (1988), The Scheldt estuary. Pollution of the North Sea: An Assessment, W. Salamons, B.L. Bayne, E.K. Duursma, and U. Forstner Eds., (Springer-Ve
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• Capacity Assessment in ICZM
  ...acities; this assessment generates an understanding of capacity assets and needs, which in turn leads to the formulation of [[Capacity Development]] respons ...ptimize existing capacities that are strong and well place. The [[Capacity Assessment]] also sets the baseline for ongoing monitoring and evaluation progress aga
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• Methodologies for assessing the capacity needs in ICZM
  ...with some methodologies, approaches and experiences in conducting capacity assessment. ...periences from different parts of the world, since the concept of Capacity Assessment transcend boundaries and show many commonalities in their application.
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• Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangroves
  ...torical Reconstruction of Shoreline Position. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 124 (1-3): 105-130</ref>).
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• European Action Plan on Capacity Building for ICZM in Europe
  ...ned into more specific action plans tailored to the particular conditions, needs and expectations at different administrative and management levels. ...hat a rule of thumb in CB is to perform a capacity assessment plus a needs assessment, which will offer a realistic basis to any CB intervention. This equation '
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• Overview of oil spills events from 1970 to 2000
  *[[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities]]
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• Mariculture
  ...Sanchez-Perez, 2020<ref name=AS>Atalah J and Sanchez-Perez P (2020) Global assessment of ecological risks associated with farmed fish escapes. Global Ecology and ...rnatives to antibiotics for food producing animals. Part 1: challenges and needs. Vet. Res. 2018, p. 49-64 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8</ref>).
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• Current status of public participation in ICZM
  Public participation in this case needs to start with education, more diffusion of knowledge to the public ...t is planned in the coastal zone, for all projects an environmental impact assessment is obligatory. Investments in direct proximity to the shoreline (about 100-
  93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
• Chemical and conventional ammunition in the Baltic Sea
  ...pert Verlag, Renningen-Malmsheim.</ref>, Ek 2005<ref>Ek, H. (2005): Hazard assessment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from dumped ammunition in the sea. – Göte ...ress. Concrete measures are not based on a setting of priorities by a risk assessment of a specific dumping site in comparison to others but solely on a collecti
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• The Tragedy of the Commons - The Tuna Example
  ...pan can exceed 30 years, making them long lived among fish species <ref>An Assessment of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (1994), Committee to Review Atlantic Bluefin Tuna,
  11 KB (1,683 words) - 13:58, 27 December 2020
• Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity
  ...05<ref> Agardy, T. and Alder, J. (lead authors) 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Chapter 19 Coastal Systems. Washington, D.C., Island Press</ref>), seabed d
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• Tidal flats from space
  ...Status Report 2004. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 19. Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group. Wilhelmshaven (Germany): Common Wadden Sea Secretariat.</ref>). Usin
  14 KB (2,127 words) - 11:32, 17 February 2024
• Seagrass recovery and restoration in the Wadden Sea
  An assessment of seagrass occurrence across such a wide area of difficult accessibility i
  14 KB (2,227 words) - 21:36, 24 November 2020
• Large scale mapping of intertidal areas
  ...ment changes in natural resources. Similar conditions hold for the quality assessment and development of monitoring strategies with respect to the EU-Water Frame
  10 KB (1,456 words) - 18:47, 28 April 2009
• Economic Value
  ...t without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 21:07, 2 March 2024
• Participation Processes in Coastal Zone Management
  ...(2003) Achieving Public Participation in Coastal Zone Environmental Impact Assessment. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 9, 13-18</ref>. ...(2003) Achieving Public Participation in Coastal Zone Environmental Impact Assessment. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 9, 13-18</ref>.
  14 KB (1,864 words) - 12:58, 12 July 2020
• Socio-economic evaluation
  ...erall score. Valuation criteria are not expressed exclusively in money. An assessment grade can be given to criteria for which a good monetary estimate is not po [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  10 KB (1,533 words) - 18:38, 3 March 2024
• Coral reefs
  ...t, Chapter 42. Cold-Water Corals. Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment. UN</ref>). Submarine canyons are ho
  27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
• Science-Policy Interaction
  ...rnals that are usually discipline-oriented. This research rarely meets the needs of policy makers. However, time spent on interdisciplinary collaboration to ...daptive governance of marine resources: A review of knowledge and research needs. Ocean & Coastal Management 112: 25-35</ref>).]]
  24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
• Tsunami
  ...Effects of uncertainty in fault parameters on deterministic tsunami hazard assessment: examples for active faults along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. E ...sunamis can occur. The largest network is the DART system <ref> Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis, https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart/dart.shtml </ref>
  28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
• Thermohaline circulation of the oceans
  ...The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qi ...century (Godfrey, J.S., Love, G., 1992<ref>Godfrey, J.S., Love, G., 1992. Assessment of sealevel rise, specific to the South Asian and Australian situations. Se
  23 KB (3,524 words) - 17:38, 22 December 2020
• Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism strategy
  ...mall area, have a huge impact. They add to the pollution, waste, and water needs of the local population, putting local infrastructure and [[habitats]] unde ...al producers for better marketing; development of new products to meet the needs of tourists, etc.
  26 KB (3,689 words) - 17:28, 5 May 2023
• Assessment
  {{ Definition| title = Assessment ...policy but does not prescribe particular policies<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis Report, Island Press</ref
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• Flood risk analysis study at the German Bight Coast
  ...to the hazard analysis. This done in the multi-criteria [[vulnerability]] assessment. ...new approaches have been developed for hazard analysis, [[vulnerability]] assessment, and flood risk management. In order to apply some of these new methodologi
  25 KB (3,734 words) - 11:46, 17 February 2024
• PEGASO case study North Adriatic Sea
  - Climate change impacts and risks assessment in the CASE coastal areas - Water quality assessment (particularly concerning bathing and tourism)
  9 KB (1,260 words) - 13:07, 16 February 2024
• Non-use value: bequest value and existence value
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  3 KB (377 words) - 18:28, 7 March 2023
• Threats to Marine Biodiversity
  [https://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.html Millennium ecosystem assessment (2005)]
  2 KB (268 words) - 23:14, 27 December 2020
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation
  ...ly 35% of mangrove area was lost during this time<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington * supporting services such as primary production<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington
  9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
• Non-native species invasions
  ...and Sanchez-Perez, 2020<ref>Atalah, J. and Sanchez-Perez, P. 2020. Global assessment of ecological risks associated with farmed fish escapes. Global Ecology and
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Principles of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats
  ...processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs, either directly or indirectly. An estuarine [[ecosystem]] therefore must: ...ated problems. A multi-scale approach relies on sensitive socio-ecological assessment procedures, tools for evaluating ecological quality, and well-built monitor
  23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
• Arctic ocean
  .... Marine systems. In: Symon C, Arris L, Heal B (eds) Arctic climate impact assessment, ACIA. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 453–538. </ref>.
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• Baltic Sea
  .../decade. <ref> Climate Change in the Baltic Sea area Draft HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2006. HELSINKI COMMISSION Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commissi ...and 47%. <ref> Climate Change in the Baltic Sea area Draft HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2006. HELSINKI COMMISSION Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commissi
  14 KB (2,085 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2020
• Lessons learned from three ICZM best-practice projects
  | 2. Assessment *Assessment of the environmental, social and institutional issues and implications
  10 KB (1,359 words) - 17:20, 7 September 2020
• ICZM-Best practice case study in the Oder estuary
  *First assessment should be a stakeholder analysis focussing on existing representatives, the
  11 KB (1,698 words) - 16:11, 24 August 2020
• The PlanCoast project
  ...e Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) as extension of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for projects.
  6 KB (881 words) - 22:28, 1 August 2019
• Resilience and resistance
  ==Assessment of resilience==
  27 KB (3,924 words) - 20:34, 18 September 2023
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...on growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding – a global assessment. PLOS ONE 10: 1-34</ref>. They have grown from first settlements on elevate ...omas, R., Li, Y., Ezquerro, P. and Albiac, J. 2021. We lose ground: Global assessment of land subsidence impact extent. Science of the Total Environment 786: 147
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Capacity Assessment
  {{Definition|title=Capacity Assessment .../capacity-building/undp-capacity-assessment-methodology.html UNDP Capacity Assessment Users Guide]</ref>.}}
  1 KB (152 words) - 10:50, 1 September 2020
• Capacity
  Definition of [[Capacity Assessment]] [[Capacity Assessment in ICZM]]
  1 KB (131 words) - 15:49, 8 July 2020
• Capacity Development
  ...//www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/capacity-building/capacity-assessment-practice-note.html UNDP Practice Note: Capacity Development]</ref>.}} :Definition of [[Capacity Assessment]]
  1 KB (141 words) - 16:38, 9 September 2020
• Integrated Assessment
  ===Integrated Assessment=== This article gives a brief overview on the concept of integrated assessment approaches, describing procedures and working phases to be organized.
  12 KB (1,633 words) - 14:45, 31 July 2020
• Key priority ICZM capacity building related issues in Europe
  * Limited use of needs assessment as a diagnostic tool ...mented, compartmentalized knowledge and understanding of Capacity Building needs.
  15 KB (2,235 words) - 12:00, 1 August 2020
• Overview of Coastal Habitat Protection and Restoration in the United States
  ...past four decades the federal government has conducted an across the board assessment of the condition and use of coastal and marine areas and resources and the ...ant Programs at universities specializing in applying their science to the needs of local industries and communities. The program’s three key elements are
  15 KB (2,251 words) - 12:40, 8 October 2021
• Cultural and economic understanding of biodiversity
  ...spectives in forest landscapes: Methods for a multidisciplinary landscape assessment” CIFOR (Centre for International Forestry Research). ...rsity management (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
  5 KB (732 words) - 16:13, 15 February 2024
• Cultural value variation
  ...iversity will be determined by society” (MA 2005<ref>Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washing ...coastal location like the Isles of Scilly, there is a tension between the needs of employment and livelihood and the protection of the environment. The co
  9 KB (1,311 words) - 21:21, 11 September 2020
• Species extinction
  .... & Stuart, S. 2004. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a global species assessment</ref>. It is estimated that since the beginning of life on Earth, an averag ...(e.g. Lamprey, Bottlenose Dolphin and Loggerhead Turtle), according to the needs and natural states in different countries.
  25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
• Greenhouse gas regulation
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V
  9 KB (1,289 words) - 11:38, 14 May 2024
• US Sea Grant College Program
  ...s was to focus on pure or basic sciences that were often detached from the needs of society and business. The structure and philosophy of the Sea Grant prog ...ty networks has a staff of extension agents and educators that address the needs of their communities and their associated ecosystems. Sea Grant’s dedica
  10 KB (1,403 words) - 10:19, 25 July 2020
• Tampa Bay Estuary Program
  ...ch are quantifiable and measurable. The CCMP was updated in 2006 after an assessment and identification of emerging issues.
  10 KB (1,451 words) - 18:08, 2 January 2021
• Sampling
  ...g design for environmental impact assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 48: 157-172.</ref>. Several sampling designs has been used in performing fi
  10 KB (1,410 words) - 20:14, 31 August 2020
• Catalogue of existing ICZM educational material
  ...B.L., Duursma E.K. and Forstner U., 1988. Pollution of the North Sea - an assessment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. * European Commission (Hrsg.) (2000): An assessment of the socio-economic costs & benefits of Integrated Coastal Zone Managemen
  6 KB (816 words) - 21:21, 28 August 2020
• Institutions
  ...ehavioral norms of a family, community or society<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Scenarios, Island Press</ref>.}}
  479 bytes (61 words) - 15:59, 19 November 2020
• Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae
  ...a var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea: an assessment of the spread. Cryptogamie, Algologie, 26: 189-202. </ref>). Other common g
  18 KB (2,692 words) - 22:17, 12 February 2024
• Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem
  ...mblages of Posidonia oceanicabeds at Port Cros (France, NW Mediterranean): Assessment of composition and long-term fluctuations by visual census. Marine Ecology-
  37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
• Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile
  ...95) - Impact of a sewage treatment plant on the Posidonia oceanica meadow: assessment criteria. Proceeding of the Second International Conference on the Mediterr
  10 KB (1,588 words) - 12:12, 7 September 2020
• TBT and Imposex
  ...udaira, C., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S. & Barroso, C. (2007). ”Integrative assessment of organotin contamination in a southern European estuarine system (Ria de
  13 KB (1,911 words) - 16:42, 1 September 2020
• Functional traits
  ...rtebrate traits for the biomonitoring of large European rivers: An initial assessment of alternative metrics. Freshwater Biology 48: 2045 – 2064</ref>) and the ...e an arbitrary decision. Development of BTA must therefore also include an assessment of which traits provide the most useful description of ecological functioni
  6 KB (868 words) - 16:42, 5 October 2021
• Public participation in coastal management in Honduras
  ...erspectives -- all related viewpoints, cultures, information, experiences, needs, interests, values, contributions and dreams. Furthermore, those who are ce ...uations they were created to handle. Exploring the assumptions, interests, needs, values, visions, experiences, etc. that gave birth to these particular pro
  15 KB (2,167 words) - 13:42, 1 August 2019
• SPICOSA
  ...ms to develop and test a self-evolving, holistic research approach for the assessment of policy options for the sustainable management of Coastal Zone (CZ) syste * To generate an '''SAF Portfolio''' consisting of generic assessment-methodologies, decision-support tools, models, and new knowledge useful for
  5 KB (787 words) - 00:25, 11 November 2018
• Observing small scale morphodynamic processes during storm events
  ...>Flampouris, S. Ziemer, F. Seemann, J. (2008). Accuracy of Bathymetric Assessment by Locally Analyzing Radar Ocean Wave Imagery. IEEE Transactions on Geoscie
  7 KB (1,139 words) - 21:15, 26 January 2024
• Marine mammals' health as an indicator of ecosystem health - tools for monitoring
  ...ator is an important biological parameter of the Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP). This program was founded by The Netherlands, Denmark and Ge ...erefore be used as indicators for the ecosystem (Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program, TMAP, Fig. 1). Industrial human activities, e.g. fisheries, offsho
  14 KB (1,996 words) - 15:12, 6 September 2020
• FerryBox - Continuous and automatic water quality observations along transects
  ..., H., Krasemann, H., Colijn, F. & Schroeder, F. (2008). FerryBox and MERIS-Assessment of Coastal and Shelf sea Ecosystems by Combining In situ and Remote Sensed
  15 KB (2,302 words) - 17:48, 29 June 2019
• Which resource limits coastal phytoplankton growth/ abundance: underwater light or nutrients?
  ...c Wadden Sea Symposium Esbjerg, Denmark, *4.-8. April 2005. Monitoring and Assessment in the Wadden Sea. NERI Technical Report 573, 13-20.</ref>) and have reache
  8 KB (1,183 words) - 23:13, 16 October 2021
• Evaluation of Marine Biodiversity
  *[[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity]]
  340 bytes (37 words) - 21:21, 19 February 2024
• Sand dune - Country Report, France
  ...ntifique over a period of 15 years, mostly in the 1960s provided the first assessment of the distribution of dunes in France. Prof. Géhu provided more detailed
  19 KB (2,952 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2019
• Bioindicator
  [[Common biomarkers for the assessment of marine pollution]]<P>
  719 bytes (92 words) - 16:11, 7 October 2021
• Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester
  ...ssessment of Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester; CAS 5100-05-23; SIDS Initial Assessment Report For SIAM 24 Paris, France, 17 – 20 April 2007]</ref>. ...ssessment of Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester; CAS 5100-05-23; SIDS Initial Assessment Report For SIAM 24 Paris, France, 17 – 20 April 2007]</ref>.
  4 KB (524 words) - 14:27, 9 August 2020
• Pentabromoethylbenzene
  ...EXT01 Jenny Rattfelt Nyholm 2009 Persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity assessment of selected brominated flame retardants; Student Thesis, Umeå University]
  2 KB (222 words) - 14:31, 9 August 2020
• 1,2-Dichloroethane
  ...f name = chl>De Rooij, C., Boutonnet, J., Garny, V. et al. Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - 1,2-Dichloroethane.
  3 KB (436 words) - 13:52, 9 August 2020
• Dichloromethane
  ...g/upload/documents/document79.pdf Euro Chlor February 1999 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Dichloromethane]</r ...g/upload/documents/document79.pdf Euro Chlor February 1999 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Dichloromethane]</r
  4 KB (589 words) - 14:07, 9 August 2020
• Fluoranthene
  ...<ref name =RI>[http://rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/fluoran.shtml#t4 The Risk Assessment Information System Toxicity Summary for FLUORANTHENE August 17 2009]</ref>.
  3 KB (411 words) - 14:14, 9 August 2020
• ENCORA portal
  Impact-assessment tools and environmental techniques for recovery of coastal habitats.<br> ...e 7 Biodiversity of coastal and marine habitats and ecosystems|Theme 7]] - Assessment of biodiversity change.''' <br>
  7 KB (825 words) - 17:09, 19 March 2013
• Trichloromethane
  ...oc/trd_substances/chloroform/rar/trd_rar_env_france_chloroform.pdf EU RISK ASSESSMENT 2007 CHLOROFORM CAS 67-66-3]</ref>. ...oc/trd_substances/chloroform/rar/trd_rar_env_france_chloroform.pdf EU RISK ASSESSMENT 2007 CHLOROFORM CAS 67-66-3]</ref>.
  4 KB (553 words) - 14:38, 9 August 2020
• Hexachlorobenzene
  ...ochlor.org/upload/documents/document80.pdf Euro Chlor 2002 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobenzene]</ ...ochlor.org/upload/documents/document80.pdf Euro Chlor 2002 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobenzene]</
  5 KB (769 words) - 14:17, 9 August 2020
• Hexachlorobutadiene
  ...ochlor.org/upload/documents/document81.pdf Euro Chlor 2002 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobutadiene] ...ochlor.org/upload/documents/document81.pdf Euro Chlor 2002 Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobutadiene]
  5 KB (691 words) - 14:17, 9 August 2020
• Bisphenol-A
  ...SSMENT/ADDENDUM/bisphenola_add_325.pdf February 2008 Updated European Risk Assessment Report 4,4’-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL (BISPHENOL-A)]</ref>. }} ...SSMENT/ADDENDUM/bisphenola_add_325.pdf February 2008 Updated European Risk Assessment Report 4,4’-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL (BISPHENOL-A)]</ref>.
  4 KB (550 words) - 14:03, 9 August 2020
• EDTA
  ...iengesetz-Biozidverfahren/Dokumente/RAR__062.pdf European Union 2004 Risk Assessment Report tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(Na4EDTA)] </ref> ...iengesetz-Biozidverfahren/Dokumente/RAR__062.pdf European Union 2004 Risk Assessment Report tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(Na4EDTA)] </ref>
  3 KB (430 words) - 14:12, 9 August 2020
• Biodiversity changes and ecosystem functioning
  The [[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity|maintenance of high diversity]] is often seen as something
  9 KB (1,256 words) - 11:48, 2 March 2024
• MarBEF approach
  ...of Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functionality]]; and [[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity]]. The CSP engaged a large proportion of the MarBEF members
  6 KB (937 words) - 22:31, 10 September 2020
• The economic force of small enterprises
  ...w SMEs operate within the marine biodiversity research sector and what the needs of SMEs and end-users of marine diversity information are<ref name="ma"/>. ===The needs of SMEs for marine biodiversity research===
  7 KB (1,016 words) - 18:53, 21 February 2024
• The Baltic Algae Watch System - a remote sensing application for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea
  ...rt of Environmental Management for Resource Management ,Environmental Risk Assessment, and Impact Mitigation, 8th Int. Mar. Environ. Mode. Sem. (IMEMS), Helsinki
  25 KB (3,748 words) - 23:00, 21 August 2020
• Marine Protected Areas in Europe
  ...immediate management response.<ref name="Millennium"> Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends. Chapter
  20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
• Danube Delta
  |19. Environment assessment
  5 KB (683 words) - 12:24, 8 October 2021
• Al Hoceima coast
  Vulnerability assessment
  11 KB (1,586 words) - 12:49, 6 August 2019
• Bouches du Rhône
  Demonstration of selected tools/methods (economic assessment and LEAC for BdR) in the CASE
  5 KB (826 words) - 11:13, 15 July 2013
• North Lebanon Coastal Zone
  *Socio-economic assessment of the coastal zone: # Municipal assessment focusing on budget of municipalities lead to a main conclusion which is the
  4 KB (537 words) - 12:51, 6 August 2019
• Sevastopol Bay
  ...coverage and provided tools (legal arrangements, environmental status and assessment, interactive digital atlas, indexes, scenarios). (web portal: legal arrangements, environmental status and assessment, atlas)
  3 KB (518 words) - 15:37, 13 March 2013
• Bouches du Rhone
  Demonstration of selected tools/methods (economic assessment and LEAC for BdR) in the CASE
  5 KB (826 words) - 13:11, 12 July 2020
• Guria Coastal Region
  - Weak quality of the [[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]] process in coastal development projects, such as for the new Supsa Article 19. Environmental Assessment – introduction of EU compatible guidelines for EIA/SEA for application in
  5 KB (662 words) - 10:54, 8 July 2020
• Policy instruments for integrated coastal zone management
  ...oastal ecosystem. In the integration of science and policy in coastal zone assessment this perspective can be useful. The goal is to help any manager to understa ...nstruments mentioned in this article. So to realize the part of such plans needs often both, economic legal and cultural measures.
  24 KB (3,649 words) - 16:22, 2 September 2020
• ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
  The Policy Option category consists of the classification, inventory, and assessment in terms of advantages and disadvantages of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ...oring packages, for in-situ and remote sensing monitoring, tailored to the needs of the pilot sites compared to SAF phases, namely design patterns, formulat
  14 KB (1,931 words) - 22:26, 6 July 2020
• Sand dune - Country Report, Bulgaria
  A review of Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment by the Biodiversity Support Program and edited by Curt Meine March 1998 can
  9 KB (1,323 words) - 09:09, 30 July 2019
• The ICZM Process - a Roadmap towards Coastal Sustainability - Establishment
  ...Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for ICZM|Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)]]. * A '''preliminary assessment''' of the problems, issues, drivers, pressures and risks along with their r
  7 KB (988 words) - 11:59, 25 July 2020
• PEGASO CASES
  ...e project at different spatial scales, and at contributing to the Regional Assessment at basin scale of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. The CASES have been chos ...be paid on the efforts for addressing flexibility and effectiveness of the assessment tools.
  4 KB (572 words) - 13:10, 16 February 2024
• Wave energy converters
  ==Appendix A: Wave energy resource assessment== ...ters such as the significant wave height and wave period, without detailed assessment of the wave energy spectrum or the available wave energy flux. Simulations
  62 KB (9,587 words) - 22:04, 7 May 2024
• Artificial reefs
  ...variety of configurations thus allowing adjustment to local conditions and needs. Most of the units are designed to provide nursery areas for fish, to permi
  41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
• Groundwater management in low-lying coastal zones
  ...World Water Development Report, 2015<ref> WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme). 2015. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015: W
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• Overtopping resistant dikes
  ...ly assessed for safety (periodicity of about 6 years). In the first safety assessment it was found that a large number of dikes had to be raised again in order t Dikes and levees are applied wherever a hinterland needs protection against flooding. These protection measures prevent an area from
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• Oesterparasiet
  ...''Ostrea edulis'', for survival against the parasite ''Bonamia ostreae'': assessment of the resistance of a first selected generation, in: Barnabé, G. et al. (
  25 KB (3,728 words) - 09:56, 1 August 2014
• Onverwacht mosdiertje
  ....; Wood, C.A. (2006). Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England. Journal of the Marine Biol
  15 KB (2,227 words) - 12:32, 26 January 2012
• Japans bessenwier
  ...the European Union Concerted Action on testing monitoring systems for risk assessment of harmful introductions by ships to European waters (MAS-CT-97-0111). pp. ...the European Union Concerted Action on testing monitoring systems for risk assessment of harmful introductions by ships to European waters (MAS-CT-97-0111). Depa
  19 KB (2,863 words) - 11:36, 26 January 2012
• AMBER
  * Derivation of mitigation strategies from the risk assessment. Mitigation strategies are necessary tools for integrated management. EAM with its tools risk assessment, mitigation strategies, derivation of EcoQOs and improvement of monitoring
  2 KB (364 words) - 12:01, 31 August 2011
• Brakwaterpok
  ...the European Union Concerted Action on testing monitoring systems for risk assessment of harmful introductions by ships to European waters (MAS-CT-97-0111). pp.
  19 KB (2,837 words) - 12:08, 26 January 2012
• Gewone slingerzakpijp
  ....; Wood, C.A. (2006). Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 86
  16 KB (2,389 words) - 12:32, 26 January 2012
• Ronde zakpijp
  ....; Wood, C.A. (2006). Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 86(
  20 KB (2,973 words) - 12:33, 26 January 2012
• Oostzeegroenworm
  ...the European Union Concerted Action on testing monitoring systems for risk assessment of harmful introductions by ships to European waters (MAS-CT-97-0111). pp.
  15 KB (2,220 words) - 13:45, 27 February 2013
• Niet-inheemse soorten Belgisch deel Noordzee en aanpalende estuaria
  ...vasieve soorten] een ISEIA-protocol (Invasive Species Environmental Impact Assessment, [http://ias.biodiversity.be/documents/ISEIA_protocol.pdf Branquart (Ed.) 2
  18 KB (2,515 words) - 14:07, 24 March 2021
• Baltcica
  A common methodological frame for the development and assessment of adaptation options will be applied. In the BaltCICA project, participant
  2 KB (340 words) - 15:32, 20 October 2011
• Brede brakwaterpissebed
  ...fid=208490 details]</ref><ref name = Boyd>Boyd, S.G. (2008). An ecological assessment of the non-indigenous isopod, ''Synidotea laticauda'', in Delaware Bay. MSc
  13 KB (1,936 words) - 12:28, 26 January 2012
• Scenarios
  ...ving forces and relationships among key variables<ref>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well Being: Scenarios, Island Press</ref>.<br>
  4 KB (563 words) - 18:29, 3 March 2022
• The need for data sharing
  ...is for a sustainable development and to support the information management needs for implementing and monitoring sustainable development policies and goals ...a '''Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)''' and the suite of sustainability assessment tools required for making multi-scale integrated assessments in the coastal
  10 KB (1,473 words) - 12:01, 25 July 2020
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management: analysis of the environmental condition of the coastal area of the Northern Range of Trinidad
  ...in the [[Coastal Management]] section and the subcategory [[Evaluation and assessment in Coastal Management]]. ...teractions. In addition, the theoretical framework of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)<ref name="MA 2005">2</ref> will be used to identify and describe the
  20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
• OSPAR Convention (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) and OSPAR Commission
  ...gitimate uses of the sea can continue to wear and can continue to meet the needs of present and future generations."</P> #Monitoring and Assessment
  10 KB (1,538 words) - 15:23, 1 August 2019
• HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) and Helsinki Convention
  # The Monitoring and Assessment Group (HELCOM MONAS) * [[Eutrophication]] assessment (especially the contribution of agriculture)
  8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:16, 2 September 2020
• Waterframework Directive and Eutrophication
  The WFD requires the individual assessment of different ecosystem components which will each be classified according t ...n/706b8cfb-fd22-4041-aff0-308e44ec4a8a Guidance Document on Eutrophication assessment in the context of European water Policies.]</ref>.</div><div style="float:r
  4 KB (658 words) - 14:02, 30 July 2020
• Deciding on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for ICZM
  Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is not compulsory but it could be initiated early in the ICZM Process ...opment, SOURCEBOOK 2: Methods & Techniques. Strategic environmental impact assessment. EU Regional Policy, INFOREGIO, 2009)
  6 KB (833 words) - 11:14, 25 July 2020
• Building the Evidence: Diagnostic Report for ICZM
  ...iving force of certain environmental problem) - they are a result of human needs to satisfy their primary (shelter, food, water, energy) and secondary requi ...presentation of the DPSIR Framework proposed by Global International Water Assessment (GIWA), 2001; European Environment Agency (EEA)</small>
  5 KB (756 words) - 17:16, 12 July 2020
• Setting the Direction in ICZM
  ...and M. Zurek (Eds). (2010): Ecosystems and human well-being: a manual for assessment practitioners. Island Press</ref>; Alcamo, 2010<ref>Alcamo, J. (2001): Scen ...s, Washington, DC http://www.millenniumassessment.org Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</ref>). The latter developed four scenarios describing alternative, global
  13 KB (1,876 words) - 11:54, 25 July 2020
• Measuring Success: ICZM Indicators
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management‎]]
  6 KB (788 words) - 11:33, 25 July 2020
• Deteriorated groynes
  ...having 100 years return period (1%). Nowadays, the central problem is the assessment if and to what extent the presence of deteriorating groynes contributes to Numerical simulations, aimed at the assessment of groyne deterioration patterns on adjacent, nourished beach were executed
  25 KB (3,878 words) - 17:18, 3 September 2020
• Le Processus GIZC – Un itinéraire vers la durabilité des côtes - Initialisation
  ...opment, SOURCEBOOK 2: Methods & Techniques. Strategic environmental impact assessment. EU Regional Policy, INFOREGIO, 2009</ref>.
  45 KB (7,335 words) - 00:56, 11 November 2018
• ICZM Scoping Pressures and Drivers
  ...te -Impacts-Response) framework that provides the converging framework for assessment, planning and indicators.
  3 KB (515 words) - 11:26, 25 July 2020
• Ecosystem Approach to the South African hake fishery
  ...egies adopted in response to identified risks and effects. Ecological Risk Assessment was adopted in South Africa as a means of identifying and prioritising prob '''Compliance with mitigation measures in both fisheries needs improving'''
  10 KB (1,372 words) - 14:45, 7 November 2013
• Ecosystem Approach to the South African small pelagic fishery
  ...ts. [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities | Ecological Risk Assessment]] was adopted in South Africa as a means of identifying and prioritising pr ...tage, for each important fishery the following needs are considered. These needs are common to the application of the EAMR in other areas:
  9 KB (1,309 words) - 20:57, 3 September 2020
• Ecosystem Approach to the South African West Coast lobster fishery
  ...ts. [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities | Ecological Risk Assessment]] was adopted in South Africa as a means of identifying and prioritising pr ...relevant issues and applying existing scientific knowledge, expertise and assessment. In its initial stage, for
  11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:51, 26 December 2020
• Dynamics, threats and management of dunes
  ...Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge Universi
  15 KB (2,195 words) - 12:23, 8 October 2021
• Le Processus GIZC – Un itinéraire vers la durabilité des côtes - Analyse des trajectoires
  ...ef>Démarche FPEIR (« the DPSIR Framework » ) Global International Water Assessment (GIWA), 2001; Agence Européenne de l’Environnement (AEE).</ref>
  16 KB (2,519 words) - 14:35, 4 December 2014
• Dynamics, threats and management of salt marshes
  ...e adverse impacts of sea-level rise. In this study, the inundation‐based assessment was developed to inform policymakers, managers and the public about the amo
  43 KB (6,451 words) - 18:31, 7 March 2023
• Nitrates Directive
  ...Zs, eutrophication in surface waters and action programme(s) (revision and assessment of the impact on water quality and agricultural practices).
  3 KB (386 words) - 09:23, 8 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Introduction
  ...on Strategic Environmental Assessment|Decision on Strategic Environmental Assessment]]
  4 KB (554 words) - 22:17, 1 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Establishment
  # The technical group needs at least one person with working knowledge of adaptation to climate change The ICZM needs to liaise with all of them to understand their positions and, ideally, play
  17 KB (2,747 words) - 22:16, 1 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Analysis and Future
  ...he strategy should describes the broad structure of the climatic data that needs to be collected and analysed and the tools to be used for this purpose. ...Thus they will take a form that makes it appropriate to adopt a risk based assessment at future stages of the process. Box 1 provides a description of the kind o
  23 KB (3,668 words) - 16:05, 5 February 2020
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Setting the Vision
  Options Analysis <ref>For an example of Real Options analysis see the assessment for the Thames defences, summarised in change is in the future and an assessment has to be made of the magnitude, given plans for development etc. Hence the
  8 KB (1,238 words) - 22:18, 1 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Realising the Vision
  ...nd or other international sources. These will require careful and detailed assessment of the costs and benefits of the outlays. Some guidance on how to prepare t
  6 KB (1,023 words) - 22:18, 1 August 2019
• OSPAR and eutrophication
  ...rds the objectives of the Eutrophication Strategy OSPAR developed a common assessment framework: the '''Common Procedure''' for the Identification of the Eutroph ...ass and duration of blooms and kills in benthic animal species). OSPAR’s assessment work is supported by monitoring under the '''Eutrophication Monitoring Prog
  4 KB (568 words) - 13:40, 30 July 2020
• Gravel Beaches
  ...refid=58627 Van Wellen, E, Chadwick, A J and Mason, T (2000). A review and assessment of longshore sediment transport equations for coarse grained beaches. Coast | [[Image:A review and assessment of longshore sediment transport equations for coarse grained beaches.jpg|34
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
• Wave energy converters in coastal structures
  ...ntestabile, P., Di Lauro, E., Buccino, M. and Vicinanza, D. 2017. Economic Assessment of Overtopping Breakwater for Energy Conversion (OBREC): A Case Study in We
  20 KB (3,003 words) - 15:51, 25 February 2023
• Coastal observation systems
  High-frequent water quality data are a prerequisite for an assessment of the substance exchange between [[North Sea]] and Wadden Sea.<br>
  39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
• Modelling coastal hydrodynamics
  ...4, pp. 341-356.</ref> point out the importance of this interfacing, which needs to be quantified, taking into account uncertainties involved. The above pro ...ct of water [[waves]] is essential for the design of marine structures and assessment of coastal development due to natural causes as well as human intervention.
  99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
• Dynamics of mud transport
  ...h their regime. The impact of [[anthropogenic]] changes on the environment needs to be assessed and, if possible, quantified through model studies. The inte ...t, the estimation of dredging operation costs and the environmental impact assessment of dredging activities requires the understanding of hydraulic transport of
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Ecological restoration of estuaries in North Western Europe
  ...take into consideration the type and the proportion of each habitats which needs to be (re)-created in order to provide the ecosystem with expected function ...it is further impossible to return backward in time. Fundamental research needs to address the issue of better understanding future shifts in ecological ni
  36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
• Scaling Issues in Hydraulic Modelling
  The actual level of research needs common efforts between the various available tools, namely physical and num ...non that includes air flow (that depends also on the atmospheric pressure) needs a relative large scale.<p>
  54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
• Wave overtopping
  Astorga-Moar and Baldock (2023)<ref>Astorga-Moar, A. and Baldock, T.E. 2023. Assessment of wave overtopping models for fringing reef fronted beaches. Coastal Engin
  7 KB (1,059 words) - 17:19, 24 January 2024
• Marine Biotechnology in Black Sea basin
  ...agement, underpins harmonization with European marine data quality control/assessment procedures and adoption of international meta-data standards and data-manag
  11 KB (1,563 words) - 12:48, 9 March 2021
• OSPAR eutrophication assessment
  ...ation processes which are differentiated in four categories of qualitative assessment criteria for application in the Comprehensive Procedure:</P> <P ALIGN="justify">These assessment criteria can be different for the three maritime areas with regard to eutro
  17 KB (2,396 words) - 11:11, 20 February 2024
• Marine Biotechnology in Iceland
  ...icy and effort in Iceland that came out of an FP6 project is available but needs to be updated<ref name="bio">http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/bi
  6 KB (772 words) - 11:27, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Slovenia
  |'''ECSAFESEAFOOD''': Priority environmental contaminants in seafood: safety assessment, impact and public perception
  11 KB (1,368 words) - 10:00, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in United Kingdom
  ...he benefits it provides to society and continuing economic prosperity. The assessment provides values for a range of services we gain from nature to help us to f
  11 KB (1,591 words) - 09:57, 10 August 2019
• Development of the European Marine Strategy
  The Marine Strategy aims at establishing a detailed assessment of the state of the marine environment, a definition of "good environmental
  5 KB (730 words) - 17:27, 4 October 2021
• European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
  | Initial assessment of the current environmental status of national marine waters and the envir | Establishment of a monitoring programme for the ongoing assessment and the regular update of targets
  5 KB (708 words) - 09:18, 8 August 2019
• Training Needs Analysis
  ==Training and Capacity Building start with Training Needs Analysis (TNA)== Training Needs Analysis (TNA), is a basic function of training and the first building bloc
  5 KB (830 words) - 18:05, 28 August 2020
• Past initiatives to define capacity building needs in ICZM
  == A few past initiatives to define capacity building needs == ...several years to estimate the demand for coastal professionals, to assess needs for ICZM training and education, to develop models of ICZM training and edu
  5 KB (713 words) - 17:56, 28 August 2020
• ACCOBAMS
  b) assessment and management of human-cetacean interactions;
  3 KB (403 words) - 12:54, 29 January 2013
• Past EU-funded coastal research projects
  * [[CLASH]] Crest Level Assessment of Coastal Structures. Neural network prediction and hazard analaysis on pe * [[FIRE]] Risk assessment of brominated flame retardants as disruptors for human and wildlife health
  7 KB (873 words) - 11:50, 17 February 2024
• Marine Biotechnology in USA
  | EBI produced an assessment of algal biofuels production <ref name="gyb">http://www.energybiosciencesin
  14 KB (2,089 words) - 09:54, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Australia
  ...funding and its main research areas are marine biotechnology, biodiversity assessment, climate change and water quality. AIMS’s marine biotechnology focuses on ...portunity to work with industry partners on research for specific industry needs. Each ITTC will receive up to $1 million per year for up to three years.
  12 KB (1,775 words) - 11:18, 9 August 2019
• European policy on eutrophication: introduction
  ...tion of assessment methodologies and criteria for the '''trophic status''' assessment in rivers, lakes, transitional, coastal and marine waters ...tipulates a specific framework for assessing water quality. Eutrophication assessment criteria and methods have also been developed by several European conventio
  5 KB (704 words) - 11:19, 29 August 2020
• Marine Biotechnology in Mexico
  ...logy programme within the Ocean Resources department. A current project is assessment of bioactive molecules in seaweed of the Yucatán coast, funded by CONACYT
  3 KB (498 words) - 11:32, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Indian Ocean islands
  ...ara is involved in the protection of coastal reefs and marine biodiversity assessment in south-western Madagascar and bio-ecological surveys to facilitate the de
  2 KB (228 words) - 11:28, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in India
  ...esearch foci including marine enzymes, bioactives, bioremediation and risk assessment of rDNA in the marine environment; AMET University, Kanathur, working on ma
  14 KB (1,977 words) - 11:28, 9 August 2019
• PEGASO participation methods
  ...as a necessary element of all environmental procedures like environmental assessment, local Agenda 21, and ICZM. ...y of policies and decision-making, ensuring that projects meet citizen’s needs <ref name="Fletcher 2003">Fletcher S. (2003). Stakeholder representation an
  14 KB (1,962 words) - 14:57, 5 October 2021
• PEGASO project Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
  ...fferent scales, both in the Mediterranean and Black sea, as sustainability assessment tool, and as tool to measure the implementation of ICZM policy and programm * assessment of these initiatives against the needs of relevant policy instruments;
  10 KB (1,535 words) - 11:53, 7 September 2020
• Threats to Coral Reefs: the Effects of Chemical Pollution
  ...O. (1999). PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: a new in situ technique for stress assessment in scleractinian corals, used to examine the effects of cyanide from cyanid ...007%2FBF00334350 Davies, P. S. (1995). Coral nubbins and explants for reef assessment and laboratory ecotoxicology. Coral Reefs, 114 (4) 267-269.]</ref>. Coral n
  20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:27, 7 October 2022
• Marine Biotechnology in Mediterranean Sea basin
  ...iterranean Science Committee (CIESM) is currently (in 2013) undertaking an assessment of the marine biotechnology potential of the region and of the different Me
  11 KB (1,641 words) - 11:32, 9 August 2019
• PEGASO indicator core set
  ...logical Factsheets in support of comparable measurements and an integrated assessment in coastal zones === * [[Media:PEGASO Risk assessment.pdf|Risk assessment]]
  3 KB (433 words) - 21:44, 7 August 2021
• Participation in the North-Adriatic (DSS-DESYCO)
  ...Support System (DEcision support SYstem for COastal climate change impact assessment-DSS DESYCO) has been developed. Objective of the DSS is to understand the r The DSS DESYCO (DEcision support SYstem for COastal climate change impact assessment) assesses climate change impacts on vulnerable coastal areas (beaches, lago
  2 KB (345 words) - 22:07, 1 August 2019
• Enabling a shared information infrastructure for Mediterranean and Black Sea basins
  ...pment of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and the set of sustainability assessment tools required for making multi-scale integrated assessments in the coastal ...ch are the key to build assessment tools (WP4) and to support the regional assessment (WP5). Some functions are:
  18 KB (2,755 words) - 11:16, 25 July 2020
• Gracilaria vermiculophylla
  ...1>Nylund, G.M.; Weinberger, F.; Rempt, M.; Pohnert, G. (2011). Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga ''Gracil
  19 KB (2,704 words) - 15:33, 23 July 2013
• European coastal and marine observatories (2020)
  ...excellence in marine coastal research to better answer societal and policy needs. .... Observing systems and installations support the environmental monitoring needs of the Test Site. Some installations are shared with the deep and extended
  47 KB (6,585 words) - 12:44, 8 September 2020
• Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V
  30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
• Fisheries in Oostende
  ...is?module=ref&refid=225599 Delaney, A.; De Smet, S.; Verhaeghe, D. (2010). Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent commu
  38 KB (5,499 words) - 12:43, 11 December 2014
• Case study Saint Brieuc
  ...through the recommendation of an annual quota which is calculated from an assessment of the stock of scallops carried out prior to the start of each fishing sea ...e allows fishermen to benefit from regulations that are pertinent to their needs while enabling the sustainability of the fishery. Despite all this and acco
  17 KB (2,560 words) - 11:57, 3 November 2014
• Case study Barfleur
  ...etter understand the deposit and adjust fishing effort to the resource, an assessment of the stock of mussels is carried out prior to the start of each fishing s ...ance allows fishermen to have a local regulation that is adjusted to their needs and to the sustainability of the fishery, notably with the development of m
  14 KB (2,205 words) - 15:56, 4 August 2014
• Women and social cohesion in coastal communities
  ...13. Fisheries and aquaculture and their potential roles in development: an assessment of the current evidence.
  15 KB (1,996 words) - 12:34, 28 November 2014
• Artificial Neural Networks and coastal applications
  ...M. 2008. Procedures for estimation of modelling uncertainty in air quality assessment. Environ. Int. 34: 613–620</ref>.
  29 KB (4,514 words) - 16:02, 21 September 2023
• Evaluate non market value of fishing activities
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  10 KB (1,511 words) - 22:15, 31 July 2019
• Research on multi-use platforms
  | style="background:#00CED1"|<span style="color:white;"> '''Assessment of policy, planning & management strategies''' </span>
  3 KB (456 words) - 12:51, 29 August 2014
• Fishing past and present: Belgium
  ...d changes. Until recently in Belgium, there was no quantitative historical assessment of the small-scale fisheries (vessels <12m) within 12 nm or of the fishing ...010). Besides the gaps in historical information, there is no quantitative assessment of the small-scale fisheries (vessels <12m) within 12 nm or the fishing act
  18 KB (2,788 words) - 12:46, 11 October 2019
• Case study GIFS project: Hastings
  ...g community knowledge in that it has played a role in identifying research needs and in enabling the context sensitive delivery of these methods. This is an The participatory methods work through the National Ecosystem Assessment Follow On workshops demonstrated to a wide range of local stakeholders how
  11 KB (1,631 words) - 10:12, 31 October 2014
• Synergy between fishing and tourism: Example of the Great Atlantic Scallop Festival in Erquy
  ...nirs or scallops…), as well as other descriptive information. The impact assessment takes into account the overall expenses made in the area: the city of Erquy
  7 KB (981 words) - 11:48, 8 October 2014
• Socio Cultural Hastings
  ...ped as part of a GIFS project collaboration with the UK National Ecosystem Assessment follow-on (http://www.lwec.org.uk/sharedvalues). The method used a combinat ...he methods used please see Chapter 4.3 p.135 of the UK National Ecosystems Assessment Follow-On (NEAFO) Report (Kenter et al., 2014).'''<br />
  2 KB (330 words) - 10:48, 31 October 2014
• Coral Molecular Biomarkers
  ...ng serious threats from anthropogenic pressures. Traditionally, coral reef assessment and monitoring programs use mortality, such as percent death or species los ...e is health” (Richmond & Wolanski 2011). Traditional reef monitoring and assessment cannot determine the exact causes, as well as the relative contribution of
  50 KB (7,106 words) - 12:42, 14 September 2020
• Coastal hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes and engineering
  * [[Storm surge]] definition needs expansion: storm surge prediction, storm surge modelling, storm surge impac * [[Stratification]] – needs expansion: stability criteria, internal waves, Kelvin-Helmholz instability,
  20 KB (2,422 words) - 12:26, 20 February 2024
• Morphology of estuaries
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge Universi ...and Majumdar, A. (2015) Quest for the determination of environmental flow assessment for hilsa fish of the Hooghly estuary by hydraulic rating method. ARPN Jour
  87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
• Harbour porpoise in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...eport about the conservation status of these areas every six years. A next assessment is to be completed by 2018. The harbour porpoise is also protected under th ...ind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Early environmental impact assessment and spatio-temporal variability. pp. 153-164.</ref> and <ref name="Harbour
  77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  Policy makers and coastal managers require tools for the rapid assessment of coastal flooding and erosion risk, the prioritisation of areas where int ...will generally integrate the relevant environmental models, database and assessment tools - coupled within a Graphic User Interface (GUI). Spatial problems su
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Shelf sea exchange with the ocean
  ...: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker TF, Qin D,
  34 KB (5,118 words) - 12:02, 29 June 2020
• Extreme storms
  ...lable from: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/extreme-storms, National Assessment of Storm-Induced Coastal Change Hazards, Available from: http://coastal.er ...Bosom, E. and Jiménez, J.A., 2011. “Probabilistic coastal vulnerability assessment to storms at regional scale: application to Catalan beaches (NW Mediterrane
  25 KB (3,812 words) - 20:36, 18 September 2023
• Siltation in harbors and fairways
  ...first to quantify the siltation rate in harbor basins, using a zero-order assessment (see also <ref>Van Rijn, L.C., 2005. Principles of sedimentation and erosio ...ion channels may give an entirely wrong picture of channel’s maintenance needs.
  33 KB (5,130 words) - 15:57, 27 February 2023
• Swash zone dynamics
  ...er, H.E., Moura, T., Hammond, T., Callaghan, D.P. and Baldock, T.E., 2017. Assessment of runup predictions by empirical models on non-truncated beaches on the so
  32 KB (4,942 words) - 12:58, 5 April 2021
• Wave ripple formation
  ...re was achieved by means of the model of Wilcox<ref>Wilcox D.C. (1988). Re-assessment of the scale-determining equation for advanced turbulence models. AIAA Jour
  38 KB (6,021 words) - 21:14, 3 July 2020
• Marine biological valuation
  ...Valuation Maps (BVMs), as further explained in the article [[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity]]. The BVM can serve as a baseline map showing the distribu ...cosystem. Ecosystem functioning can, however, be included indirectly in an assessment of biodiversity value, through the identification of functional species or
  21 KB (3,121 words) - 18:32, 3 March 2024
• Ecosystem services
  ...tems (Millennium Assessment Report (2005)<ref name=M> Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005): Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Between 2001 and 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was conducted, coordinated by the United Nations Environment Program, apply
  28 KB (4,079 words) - 22:20, 6 April 2024
• European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy: Recommendations 2005 meeting
  ...l and temporal scales, allowing for the re-design of MPAs following proper assessment and critique;
  8 KB (1,083 words) - 17:18, 1 August 2019
• EU workshop (2007) on climate change and eutrophication
  ...ental legislation under the Water Framework Directive has moved beyond the assessment of nutrient concentrations, to the use of biological tools to assess the im ...ge but does identify changing background conditions as part of the ongoing assessment of reference ecological conditions. The classification scheme is anchored o
  11 KB (1,645 words) - 20:28, 27 June 2020
• Pressures, impacts and policy responses in European coastal zones
  ...need for an [http://www.coastal-saf.eu/introduction/index.shtml integrated assessment framework], which was developed in the SPICOSA project. ...[http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/sea-legalcontext.htm '''<u>Strategic Assessment Directive</u>''']: commits Member States to ensure that environmental conse
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 20:35, 18 January 2022
• Threats to cold water coral reefs, sand banks and seagrass habitats in the North Sea by climate change effects
  ...) 2014. Climate Change WG II Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</ref> research in t
  14 KB (2,043 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2023
• Coastal and marine sediments
  ...s<ref> Paphitis, D. 2001. Sediment movement under unidirectional flows: an assessment of empirical threshold curves. Coastal Engineering. 43: 227-245</ref>.
  56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
• North Atlantic Oscillation
  ...North Atlantic Oscillation. In: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, Entretiens Jacques-Cartier, Montreal 2000</ref><ref>Kim, W.M., Yeager, S.
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• Hard coastal protection structures
  * BS6349 (2016) 1 - 2. Maritime Works, General. Code of Practice for assessment of actions. British Standards Institute (shopbsigroup.com) * Besley, P. 1999. Wave Overtopping of Seawalls Design and Assessment Manual. HR Wallingford R&D Technical Report W178. Environment Agency.
  15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
• Climate adaptation policies for the coastal zone
  ..., T. 2016. Coastal Management and Governance. In: North Sea Climate Change Assessment (Editors F. Colijn, M. Quante), Springer Verlag: 475-488</ref>. The importa ...Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R.
  24 KB (3,512 words) - 16:18, 10 May 2024
• Effect of Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area
  ...f name="helcom2">Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area – HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2007 Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 111, HELCOM, 2007.</ref> ...f name="helcom2">Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area – HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2007 Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 111, HELCOM, 2007.</ref>]]
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• Comprehensive assessment of coastal regions: the Russian example
  [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
  22 KB (2,907 words) - 16:17, 11 July 2020
• Evaluation of demographic marine-economics potential: the Russian example
  The method described in [[Comprehensive assessment of coastal regions: the Russian example]] requires a large informational ba [[Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]
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• European Action Plan Theme Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation
  ...e on the food chain, can be predicted and evaluated. Since this major goal needs knowledge related to multiple domains and support from users, public and pr ...tions between pollutants, sediments and bottom water, including integrated assessment of ecological and socio-economic impacts leading to harmonisation of regula
  27 KB (4,006 words) - 18:23, 23 February 2019
• Nature-based shore protection
  ...l. 178 (2000), pp. 9–19.</ref>; Naylor, 2001 <ref>Naylor, L.A., 2001. An assessment of the links between biogenic processes and shore platform geomorphology. G
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• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: concepts, approaches, tools and case studies
  ...ues into terms which can be understood by all actors. Using evaluation and assessment techniques, information is provided which can support shared decision makin ...iance in the entity of damages caused. The concept of [[Environmental risk assessment of marine activities|risk analysis]] introduces the concept of considering
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• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: introduction
  ...king processes and help coastal zone managers to consider the requests and needs originating from the variety of functions in [[coastal zone]]s. ...ues into terms which can be understood by all actors. Using evaluation and assessment techniques, information is provided which can support shared decision makin
  15 KB (2,274 words) - 18:44, 21 February 2024
• EU Coastal Management Projects
  ...and verified predictive modelling tools as well as state-of-the-art effect-assessment and analytical methods generally applicable to European freshwater and mari :[[SPICOSA]] --- '''Science Policy Interface for Coastal Systems Assessment'''. Develop a Systems-Analysis Framework that generates Decision-Support To
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• EU ICZM policies
  ...gic Environmental Assessment Directive (SEA 2001) and Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (EIA 1997)]
  6 KB (896 words) - 17:43, 15 February 2024
• Integrated coastal zone management
  674 bytes (76 words) - 10:38, 5 August 2019
• Valuation and assessment of biodiversity
  The definition of the value of marine areas has to be based on the assessment of areas against a set of objectively chosen ecological criteria, making be ...practical algorithms to evaluate the criteria and the final scoring of all assessment questions:
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• Introduction to biodiversity of coastal and marine habitats and ecosystems
  ...tal and marine biodiversity. An important objective is the [[Valuation and assessment of biodiversity|restoration and preservation of marine biodiversity]]. ...[[:Category:Evaluation_and_assessment_in_coastal_management|evaluation and assessment]] and on implementing [[:Category:Restoration_of_coastal_and_marine_zones|r
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• Capacity Building, Training and Education for ICZM in Europe
  ...t situation of the [[Capacity Building]] effort for [[ICZM]] across Europe needs to be established. ...Definitions''', '''Types of Capacity Building Efforts''', and '''Capacity Assessment'''.
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• Application of Land and Ecosystem Accounts (LEAC)
  # test and validate the assessment tools at regional and local scales to understand both global and cumulative # support an integrated regional assessment for the Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal and maritime areas; and,
  27 KB (3,989 words) - 16:53, 26 December 2020
• Natural variability and change in coastal ecosystems
  ...r of commercially or recreationally valuable fish species; and serving the needs of migratory and oceanic species which require areas for breeding and/or sa ...biomass flows), detailed process studies (simulation packages) and a risk assessment combination both on ecological and socio-economical aspects is used. In thi
  28 KB (4,152 words) - 12:34, 6 March 2022
• Dam break flow
  ...<ref>Zhang, L., Peng, M., Chang, D. and Xu, Y. 2016. Dam failure and Risk Assessment. John Wiley and Sons, Singapore</ref> and Almog et al. (2011) <ref>Almog, E
  20 KB (3,178 words) - 16:41, 10 August 2022
• Wave run-up
  ...wer, H.E., Moura, T., Hammond, T., Callaghan, D.P. and Baldock, T.E. 2017. Assessment of runup predictions by empirical models on non-truncated beaches on the so
  7 KB (1,082 words) - 13:00, 18 April 2024
• EU Climate Policies and Actions 2020
  This report is an indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change and its impacts on ecosystems and soci This report presents a largely indicator‑based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabil
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• Wave set-up
  ..., H. E., Moura, T., Hammond, T., Callaghan, D. P. and Baldock, T. E. 2017. Assessment of runup predictions by empirical models on non‐truncated beaches on the ...E.T. and Salles, P. 2016. Run-up parameterization and beach vulnerability assessment on a barrier island: a downscaling approach. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
  6 KB (925 words) - 20:23, 16 April 2023
• Restoration of estuarine and coastal ecosystems
  ...[[:Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management|Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]].
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• EU legislation for coast and sea
  ...f protected areas; upkeep and management in accordance with the ecological needs of habitats inside and outside the protected zones; re-establishment of des ...font-size: 11px; text-align:left"| '''EIA Directive (Environmental Impact Assessment)''' https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0092
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• Definitions of marine ecological terms
  ===[[Assessment]]=== ===[[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]]===
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• Shoreline retreat and recovery
  ...a, M., Branda, E., Verwaest, T. and Houthuys, R. 2020. Post-storm recovery assessment of urbanized versus natural sandy macro-tidal beaches and their geomorphic
  29 KB (4,526 words) - 12:45, 24 April 2024
• Governance policies for a blue bio-economy
  ...[[:Category:Evaluation and assessment in coastal management|Evaluation and assessment in coastal management]]. Although there is no unique unambiguous method, we ...pted Verified Carbon Standards for certifying blue carbon projects through assessment of the amount of sequestered carbon. The potential of blue carbon financing
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• Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services
  ...L, Neto J, eds. Marine algae, biodiversity, taxonomy, environmental impact assessment and biotechnology. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 300-319</ref>. Of the mo ...e=M6>McLaughlin, E., Kelly, J., Birkett, D., Maggs, C. and Dring, M. 2006. Assessment of the Effects of Commercial Seaweed Harvesting on Intertidal and Subtidal
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• Coral islands
  ...storm conditions. Coral reefs are particularly effective wave attenuators. Assessment of a large number of studies shows that a whole coral reef reduces wave hei ...ons. Nature Communications 9: 605</ref><ref>Duvat, V. K. E. 2018. A global assessment of atoll island planform changes over the past decades. Wiley Interdisc. Re
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• Vulnerability and risk
  ...daptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D. ...these studies, see for example [[Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management]] and [[Decision support tools]]. Most of these tools are co
  12 KB (1,762 words) - 17:15, 23 September 2023
• Satellite-derived nearshore bathymetry
  ...lor remote sensing both require calm clear water. Wave remote sensing also needs daylight, and works best with energetic waves - especially high swell waves ...L. 2021. Pan-European Satellite-Derived Coastal Bathymetry—Review, User Needs and Future Services. Frontiers in Marine Science 8, 740830</ref>. The accur
  32 KB (4,966 words) - 22:35, 9 February 2024
• Plankton remote sensing
  ...nez, J-M., da Motta Marques, D., Cirilo, J.A. and Fragoso Jr, C.R. 2017. Assessment of Chlorophyll-a Remote Sensing Algorithms in a Productive Tropical Estuari
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• Oil sensitivity mapping
  ...Havariekommando (Central Command for Maritime Emergencies, Germany), which needs the results as a basis for strategic concepts. ...l dispersants on oil spill drift paths in the German Bight—probabilistic assessment based on numerical ensemble simulations. Geo-Mar. Lett. 37: 163–170</ref>
  11 KB (1,656 words) - 18:48, 6 February 2024