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- {{Definition|title=Offshore zone ...f the [[surf zone]] or off the [[littoral zone]]. In the Coastal Wiki, the offshore zone is usually defined as the zone off the [[shoreface]]<ref name="Karsten566 bytes (82 words) - 12:01, 16 February 2024
- ...ance, Sweden, United States, China, Spain and Germany have announced their offshore wind power development plans. The increase of wind energy contributes to cl ...ble energy system. It has regulated for the first time feed-in-tariffs for offshore wind farms in the German coastal zone and the [[exclusive economic zone]] (17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
- ===Offshore wind energy=== ...Association: [s.l.<nowiki>]</nowiki>. 22 pp.]</ref>. It is envisaged that offshore wind could meet 4% of the EU electricity demand by 2020 and 14% by 2030 <re3 KB (500 words) - 10:24, 10 August 2019
Page text matches
- ...son to impermeable or high groynes<ref>Pilarczyk K. & R.B. Zeidler.(1996): Offshore Breakwaters and Shore Evolution Control. "Balkema", the Netherlands pp560.<8 KB (1,248 words) - 17:16, 5 October 2021
- Pilarczyk K. and Zeidler R. ''Offshore breakwaters and shore evolution control''.Balkema Edition7 KB (1,098 words) - 16:44, 5 July 2020
- .... [[Silt]] and [[clay]] are not stable in the littoral zone and are washed offshore. If large amounts of fines are supplied, mud flats and mangrove areas may d9 KB (1,308 words) - 15:59, 15 May 2021
- ...ters at the leeside. It can be linked to the shore or it can be positioned offshore. A common type is the '''detached breakwater'''. This is a structure approx ...Flood deltas and ebb-tidal deltas are generally present at the inshore and offshore sides (respectively) of [[#Tidal inlet|tidal inlets]] of [[#Estuary|estuari79 KB (11,862 words) - 21:40, 1 April 2024
- ==Onshore and Offshore Transport and Equilibrium Coastal Profile== Varying wave conditions result in varying onshore and offshore transports over the coastal profile. These transports are, to some extent,29 KB (4,518 words) - 11:18, 6 July 2020
- ...cell is a pocket beach enclosed between headlands, assuming absence of net offshore or onshore sand transport. The orientation of the beach can change in respo ...can be eroded by storm waves (see [[Dune erosion]]). In the absence of net offshore or onshore sand transport and in the absence of gradients in [[littoral dri14 KB (2,169 words) - 17:21, 26 August 2022
- Besides, groynes generate or strengthen offshore-directed currents – so-called [[rip current]]s. These rip currents are da ...reater than at non-walled locations. Winter season waves dragged more sand offshore in front of walls but summer swell waves piled more sand up against walls i29 KB (4,651 words) - 22:27, 2 July 2022
- *Offshore breakwaters ===Offshore breakwaters===31 KB (4,715 words) - 23:55, 30 March 2024
- ...astal zone. Placement in onshore nourishment sites makes use of pipes; for offshore sites, sand is dumped by split barges or by rainbowing (Fig. 1). For small ...ater adjusted using a bulldozer (Fig. 1). The sand source can be either an offshore supply via a cross-profile pipeline, floating or buried, or it can be suppl12 KB (1,875 words) - 15:32, 23 July 2023
- ...be a good solution for preserving beaches on urbanized rocky coasts where offshore sand resources are scarce. The perched beach is not an appropriate concept4 KB (628 words) - 18:42, 22 January 2024
- ...d backwash. The uprush moves sand onshore while the backwash transports it offshore, see [[Swash zone dynamics]].11 KB (1,646 words) - 10:15, 1 May 2023
- ...wave energy resource assessment. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6–11 July 2008; ...M. 2017. Types of Ocean Surface Waves, Wave Classification. Encycl. Marit. Offshore Eng. 2017: 1–8</ref>:20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
- ...wave height at breaking. As a rule of thumb, the wave set-up is 20% of the offshore significant wave height. Gradients in wave set-up, e.g. in partly sheltered ...f an onshore phase with decelerating upwards flow (uprush or swash) and an offshore phase with accelerating downwards flow (downrush or backwash)6 KB (1,006 words) - 13:44, 22 February 2024
- ...ip currents have their principal axes oriented perpendicular to the beach (offshore) while longshore currents act parallel to the beach. These currents are all ...re [[wave set-up]] gradient (representing [[radiation stress]] decay). The offshore discharge of water is compensated by the onshore directed mass transport an14 KB (2,112 words) - 14:00, 20 January 2024
- ...ters at the leeside. It can be linked to the shore or it can be positioned offshore.}}693 bytes (101 words) - 13:18, 27 March 2021
- ...uch as the beach adjacent to a long jetty, at which sediment may be jetted offshore by a-large [[rip current]] or an ebb [[tide|tidal]] shoal where the tidal c ...e, a shoal or buffer zone which is usually called lower shoreface and an [[offshore zone]] or shelf zone. This partition defines two closure depths, namely:23 KB (3,596 words) - 12:03, 24 April 2024
- {{Definition|title=Offshore zone ...f the [[surf zone]] or off the [[littoral zone]]. In the Coastal Wiki, the offshore zone is usually defined as the zone off the [[shoreface]]<ref name="Karsten566 bytes (82 words) - 12:01, 16 February 2024
- ...urrents are wave-generated currents that depart from the nearshore zone in offshore direction. }} '''a narrow offshore directed jet flow generated by a local imbalance between wave-induced [[rad8 KB (1,278 words) - 10:16, 3 July 2022
- ...ar definition is: The shoreface is the zone seaward of the shoreline where offshore generated waves interact with the upward sloping seabed. The shoreface can1 KB (218 words) - 20:12, 30 March 2021
- ...der:2px solid lightblue;text-align: left"| Influences sediment movement on offshore zones, links nearshore processes with far field effects. ...xt-align: left"| Basic description of coastline; Physical significance (eg offshore banks dissipate wave energy, cliffs can provide a sediment supply etc.); Wi38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
- ...in first approximation inversely proportional with the water depth in the offshore area off the [[shoreline]]. This means that shores out to deep oceans will879 bytes (132 words) - 18:16, 18 February 2019
- ...required to improve understanding of how climate change may influence the offshore wave regime in terms of magnitude, frequency and, importantly, direction. T3 KB (532 words) - 15:10, 22 July 2019
- ...bility, emergence of new controls, breakdown of older features, changes in offshore topography). It should be recognised that we are presently at a point in ti ...eased or decreased wave [[diffraction]] processes around headlands or over offshore banks);20 KB (3,041 words) - 12:04, 7 September 2020
- ...Under all circumstances, the jets will cause loss of sand to deeper water. Offshore directed sediment forms lobate deposition zones downdrift of the tips of th ...current running along the lee side of the structure. This eddy adds to the offshore sand loss and local seabed erosion and it is also dangerous for swimmers du21 KB (3,352 words) - 17:17, 5 October 2021
- ...the redistribution of contaminants through desorption from fine sediments. Offshore sand mining for beach nourishment and land reclamation and aggregate extrac27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
- ...um.</ref>. Pollution accompanies most kinds of human activities, including offshore oil and gas production and marine oil transportation. Besides altering the ===Oil and gas and offshore installations===26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
- ...diffraction and longshore drift to form a 'neck' connecting a coast to an offshore island or breakwater; or (2) A causeway-like [[accretion]] spit that connects an offshore rock or island to the main shore, or to another island.453 bytes (60 words) - 17:12, 7 September 2020
- ...oviding basis for establishment of a baseline description of the following offshore conditions: ...means that only local adjustments will take place dependent of the varying offshore wave conditions.18 KB (2,697 words) - 11:29, 20 February 2024
- ...refore been chosen to construct a time series of wave parameters along the offshore boundary of the model area which consists of situations where the significa ...resented in Fig. 6. The upper figure shows a one-month long time series of offshore waves, height and direction. The middle figure shows the morphological evol8 KB (1,312 words) - 22:48, 28 June 2019
- ...rotection, land reclamation, tourism and sand/gravel extraction, shipping, offshore activities, fisheries, pollution) has a severe impact on coastal communitie25 KB (3,543 words) - 21:40, 7 August 2021
- | rowspan="3"| meters to tens of meters (inshore -offshore direction) || 2) surf zone ||formation of shallow caves with floating algal | 4) offshore zone ||suitable for epi- and infauna, as well for macrophytes17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
- ..., D. G., Inman, D. L. and Winant, C. D. 1979. Seasonal patterns of onshore/offshore sediment movement. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: 6347-6354</ref>) as25 KB (4,098 words) - 15:59, 20 November 2021
- ...pes to the atmosphere. It appeared that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions following offshore outwelling largely exceeded long term sequestration in local soils during t41 KB (6,267 words) - 13:40, 21 April 2024
- ...p fine sediments settled to the shoreface bed and to carry these sediments offshore to deep water. This allows ongoing deposition of fine sediments in the beac ...ht. This stress acts on the fluid mud layer by pushing it onshore. Onshore-offshore asymmetry of the wave orbital motion due to nonlinearity of the interaction24 KB (3,842 words) - 18:14, 13 January 2024
- Many offshore operations are critically dependent on the prevailing sea state. To enhance ...rements by X-Band radar systems are a reliable data source for supporting offshore as well as harbour operations or ship routing services.12 KB (1,894 words) - 11:32, 25 January 2024
- ...next to the coastline (inner shelf) and a plane horizontal bottom further offshore (outer shelf) together with an alongshore coastal current.41 KB (6,565 words) - 16:15, 4 October 2021
- ...ing hydrodynamic conditions, will be reshaped during a severe storm surge. Offshore directed sediment transport will occur, including sand eroded from the dune ...b current from nearby inlets, part of the sand can even be transported far offshore<ref name=MH/>. The slope of the cross-shore profile gradually decreases, an42 KB (6,534 words) - 12:05, 15 November 2023
- Operators of offshore units under the jurisdiction of Parties are also required to have oil [[pol ...date). UK National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution from Shipping and Offshore Installations - [http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-environmental/mcga-dops_52 KB (7,826 words) - 12:32, 12 July 2020
- ...ndwater discharge can take place not only near the shore but also at great offshore distances. The latter occurs when confined aquifers, underneath the contine ...culation of seawater at the fresh-salt water interface and the onshore and offshore discharge of groundwater. Assumed were a constant linear slope and a fully31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
- COASTS AND OFFSHORE (Coastal and beach erosion, Beach restoration (sand, gravel), Beach nourish11 KB (1,603 words) - 22:20, 1 July 2020
- ...ogy is the study of meteorological phenomena within about 100 km inland or offshore of a coastline. Improved understanding of the processes in the meteorology ....e., the flow will not remain perpendicular to the pressure gradient). The offshore influence of mountain coasts is given by the Rossby radius of deformation,14 KB (2,127 words) - 15:18, 7 April 2022
- ...ecent). This suggests that the shoreline was initially inshore and shifted offshore due to debris deposition. The human impact was focused primary on the seafr12 KB (1,857 words) - 21:58, 28 June 2019
- ...e storms) or in the long term (at least 100 years). They can be identified offshore, in the coastal zone (both above and below low water) and in the hinterland3 KB (393 words) - 15:08, 28 June 2019
- ...names and administrative units are generated. Compared to the land, in the offshore area westward from the "Wadden" only a few toponyms might be found. For NOK29 KB (4,440 words) - 23:52, 28 July 2019
- ...the overlapping of physical geography and hydrography (inshore, shoreline, offshore), of jurisdictions, legal mandates and the remits of government agencies an10 KB (1,378 words) - 13:00, 14 July 2020
- Shore parallel: [[Detached shore parallel breakwaters|Offshore breakwater]] ([[Artificial reefs|concrete, stone]], [[Sand-filled geosystem [[Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability|Natural offshore reef]] <br/>29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
- ..., the technological progress accomplished for fishing in deep sea, mining, offshore oil extraction and the ever-increasing risks of human activities for the na30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
- ...gu, 1987. Wave loads and motions of long structures in directional seas, J Offshore Mech Arct Eng 109, 126–132. *Isaacson M. and S. Sinha, 1986. Directional wave effects on large offshore structures, J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 112(4), 4816 KB (2,356 words) - 15:28, 30 March 2024
- ...lyfish near the shore, as freshwater currents no longer keep the jellyfish offshore. The predominance of jellyfish and [[algal bloom]]s in coastal waters and a ...he construction of coastal structures and defences and the construction of offshore structures.11 KB (1,724 words) - 10:56, 1 August 2020
- ...w with and without waves (Paper U). In: ''Sand transport and morphology of offshore sand mining pits'', edited by Van Rijn et al., ISBN90-800356-7-x. Aqua Publ12 KB (1,685 words) - 16:25, 8 September 2020
- ...ts various spit recurves. The ebb delta is large, extending more than 4 km offshore. Its northern part exhibits numerous swash bars but these are absent in its ...tin is a fine example of a megatidal environment (LEVOY et al., 2000). The offshore area is characterized by very complex hydrodynamic conditions. The tidal wa13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
- .... Current directions and speeds for each station G1 (inshore), G2, and G3 (offshore) during the study period. Values on the <math>x</math> axis refer to time i ...re), the ‘Etesian’ events during the summer months result in a further offshore transport of [[nearshore]] sediment. Although, in the absence of such stron7 KB (1,108 words) - 10:15, 2 July 2020
- ...timing the harvest, by enhanced flushing and aeration or by relocation to offshore areas where excess N concentrations are less likely to build up;23 KB (3,458 words) - 22:27, 12 February 2024
- ...eview of support tools to assess multi-sector interactions in the emerging offshore Blue Economy. Environmental Science and Policy 133: 203–214</ref>12 KB (1,735 words) - 20:16, 18 September 2023
- ...nalyze large scale (of the order of 100 to 1000 kms) bathymetric evolution offshore the Hawaian islands; the wavelets the authors adopted for this analysis wer ...tions in the sandbank region; this region occurs between 100 and 400-500 m offshore. Within this region, the 128-256 m spatial scale contained most of the info20 KB (3,180 words) - 15:59, 6 October 2023
- ...fication, ranging from scenescent phytoplankton cells to faecal pellets in offshore waters and including terrestrial vegetable matter in estuaries. There is al26 KB (3,866 words) - 20:41, 19 August 2020
- ...eveloped with the aim of increasing understanding and raising awareness of offshore renewable energy issues in the outer Thames Estuary. The TEEP will challen31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
- ...g in the deep sea at depths of more than 200 meters and 200 nautical miles offshore. Ballast water exchange methods can be divided into emptying, overflowing a23 KB (3,270 words) - 21:49, 20 December 2023
- ...ll parts of a cross-shore profile participate in the coastal processes. By offshore directed cross-shore sediment transports, sediments from the higher parts o13 KB (2,089 words) - 20:07, 18 September 2023
- ...ty|fisheries]], [[Eutrophication in coastal environments|eutrophication]], offshore industry, maritime traffic, industry and tourism. ...and nursery grounds that need protection, thus a considerable increase of offshore MPAs could be considered.26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
- ...ncluding recreation, mineral extraction, and more recently wind energy and offshore marine aquaculture, have started to claim their own spaces in the marine en ...cean space or have adverse effects on each other (use-use conflicts, e.g., offshore oil exploitation and fisheries). But a much bigger concern, however, is the36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
- ...reduction can be greater than 50% on average and increases with increasing offshore wave heights (Horstman et al., 2014<ref name=H14>Horstman, E.M., Dohmen-Jan .... The mangrove is a major producer of [[detritus]] that will contribute to offshore [[Biological productivity|productivity]] in some seasons (Coppejans <ref na42 KB (6,310 words) - 17:09, 21 April 2024
- .../ref>, based on nutrient data from several Greek marine areas, coastal and offshore waters influenced or not, by industrial and/or domestic effluents. For this26 KB (3,720 words) - 21:54, 1 August 2019
- [[Image:technical_solution.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Figure 2: Offshore dredging]] ...he sand needed (~700,000 m<sup>3</sup>) for this operation was obtained by offshore dredging in a predefined zone.37 KB (5,937 words) - 18:06, 18 January 2022
- # An offshore sand bar that rises above the mean high-water level, forming an island.546 bytes (83 words) - 20:44, 8 September 2020
- ...tidal deltas and ebb tidal deltas are generally present at the inshore and offshore sides (respectively) of [[#Tidal inlet|tidal inlets]] of [[#Estuary|estuari2 KB (260 words) - 23:05, 29 March 2021
- ...plunging waves must bring ashore sufficient sediment to compensate for the offshore transport down the steep slope.5 KB (851 words) - 21:54, 29 February 2024
- Rottnest Island is a marine reserve which lies 20km offshore of Perth. It has a subtropical climate and due to the south flowing warm Le19 KB (2,865 words) - 13:10, 7 December 2023
- ...s in case of pollution by ships, and emergency measures on board ships, in offshore installations and in ports.6 KB (857 words) - 17:13, 22 September 2020
- ...ophication is more restricted and limited to specific coastal and adjacent offshore areas, especially in the Adriatic, Gulf of Lion and northern Aegean Sea. Th26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
- For offshore mariculture, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an important tool for plannin ...cages are located in protected, shallow areas with less water circulation. Offshore cages are located in deep water and open areas with less protection from st46 KB (6,591 words) - 18:12, 4 May 2024
- Spatial planning for offshore windfarms in the EEZ and Coastal zone93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
- ...ed Nations auspices, nation can claim territorial rights to many important offshore fisheries. They can then limit access these fisheries by requiring fishing11 KB (1,683 words) - 13:58, 27 December 2020
- ...ocean]], see also the article [[Natural shore protecting barriers]]. Some offshore reefs have experienced considerable damage due to trawling activities. The33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
- ...m year"1 in the Luanhe River mouth and an average erosion of 25m/y in its offshore sandbars, accompanied by a rapid decrease in sand-bar size.15 KB (2,371 words) - 17:56, 2 January 2021
- ...and seamounts, and are found around vents, in [[Fjord|fjords]] and around offshore submarine banks (Cordes et al., 2016<ref name=C16>Cordes, E., Arnaud-Haond,27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
- ...f radar altimeter satellites. In addition, they can provide a link between offshore radar altimeter data and tide-gauge stations.24 KB (3,830 words) - 18:53, 19 February 2024
- ...more favourable offshore. Promotion efforts generated new interests in the offshore. Lamu Basin and an Australian firm is at an advanced stage with efforts to16 KB (2,479 words) - 14:59, 9 September 2020
- ...oreface]]. In another definition the nearshore zone extends further to the offshore zone, typically to water depths of the order of 20m.<ref name="CIRIA (1996)414 bytes (54 words) - 15:14, 6 October 2021
- * [[Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany]]1 KB (121 words) - 12:22, 20 February 2024
- ...abitats in Europe, which can disturb by trampling or direct harvesting. In offshore waters, exploration and development of oil and gas activities threaten mari9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
- ...amination, especially from [[Coastal pollution and impacts#Oil and gas and offshore installations|oil products]], [[Possible consequences of eutrophication|eut2 KB (357 words) - 17:24, 10 March 2021
- ...GW power stations). However, tidal energy extraction by impounded barriers/offshore lagoons is likely to be excessively expensive financially and ecologically.11 KB (1,721 words) - 12:53, 6 March 2022
- 5. Draw up a national strategy for integrated offshore development which: ::* identifying basic policies that rule coastal and offshore developments,6 KB (881 words) - 22:28, 1 August 2019
- ...here it describes a spatial planning approach which equally covers on- and offshore areas. Maritime spatial planning is considered both a tool and a requiremen1 KB (166 words) - 18:44, 20 November 2008
- ...cial dune built in front of the seashore boulevard with sand extracted far offshore. A parking space has been created for beach tourists on the inside of this51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
- ...states that have a CZM program in place have used this clause to limit the offshore development of oil and gas reserves. When first enacted, the CZMP was unusu ...ide of the state's designated coastal zone, including for example, federal offshore waters13 KB (1,909 words) - 10:16, 25 July 2020
- ...e protection to specified features or portions of the islands, inshore and offshore waters. In 1999, to address the continuing decline in habitat and fisheries ...and marine resources from the mean high tide line to three nautical miles offshore. This is the regulatory body responsible for fisheries.12 KB (1,771 words) - 10:09, 25 July 2020
- ...Commerce. The NMFS jurisdictional area is between three miles to 200 miles offshore. The agency had authority to establish eight regional fishery management co5 KB (799 words) - 10:12, 25 July 2020
- ...across large areas. Moreover, pipelines constructed to divert the brine to offshore areas destroy considerable meadow surfaces. The present and projected incre37 KB (5,390 words) - 17:55, 24 February 2023
- ...s<sup>-1</sup> in speed and ~13° in direction. In contrast to traditional offshore wind sensors, the retrieval of the wind vector from the NRCS of the ocean s12 KB (1,837 words) - 17:53, 23 August 2020
- ...sment Program, TMAP, Fig. 1). Industrial human activities, e.g. fisheries, offshore drilling and wind power generation, as well as [[pollutants]] in the enviro14 KB (1,996 words) - 15:12, 6 September 2020
- ...ironmental danger for all offshore operations. In particular the ships and offshore platforms are exposed to the severe wave forces (Fig.1). Therefore accurate ...jpg|thumb|left|'''Figure 1''':Picture of extremely high waves attacking an offshore oil platform during a severe storm. Wave forecasts are required here in suf11 KB (1,681 words) - 22:49, 29 June 2019
- ...ations like determination of location factors for the construction of e.g. offshore wind farms or areas suitable for sand and gravel recovery.8 KB (1,224 words) - 15:26, 20 September 2020
- ...plans to set up [[Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany|offshore wind farms]]. The need to designate protected areas at sea, e.g. according7 KB (1,017 words) - 12:24, 20 February 2024
- ...e Pointe d’Arcay has multiple dune ridges and ends in eastward recurves. Offshore the Ile de Ré is low-lying with sandy beaches, particularly on the exposed19 KB (2,952 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2019
- ...ve and along the south east coast, there are large stretches of cliffs and offshore rocky islands. A number of major estuaries break the coastline and in most17 KB (2,536 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2019
- ...y and ecosystem functioning, and oceanographic vessels are needed to study offshore marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning<ref name="ma"/>.15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
- ...ance, Sweden, United States, China, Spain and Germany have announced their offshore wind power development plans. The increase of wind energy contributes to cl ...ble energy system. It has regulated for the first time feed-in-tariffs for offshore wind farms in the German coastal zone and the [[exclusive economic zone]] (17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
- | definition = Undertow is the current flowing offshore near the seabed in the [[surf zone]], driven by the cross-shore [[wave set- The offshore water discharge due to the undertow current is compensated by the onshore d609 bytes (81 words) - 15:42, 19 August 2021
- ...le near the coast. Hence, the method can only be applied for monitoring of offshore blooms. Hindcasting with MERIS or MODIS satellite data with a spatial resol25 KB (3,748 words) - 23:00, 21 August 2020
- ...sive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)]]. There are already some offshore sites, most notably in Germany which committed in March 2005 to protect 38%20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
- ...s come from around the granitic Isola di Mal di Ventre, several kilometres offshore. A sandy beach on the coast of the Golfo di Oristano borders an outer barri11 KB (1,768 words) - 09:37, 30 July 2019
- ...ion costs per kWh, which were in 2020 about a factor 10 higher compared to offshore wind farms <ref>IRENA, 2014. Ocean Energy Technology Brief 4, www.irena.org ...Ning, D. 2018. Hydrodynamic performance of single-chamber and dual-chamber offshore-stationary Oscillating Water Column devices using CFD. Applied Energy 228:62 KB (9,587 words) - 22:04, 7 May 2024
- ...amics (coastal defense ARs) or this effect may be incidental (ship wrecks, offshore windmills, oil rigs etc.). Regardless of their construction or purpose, art ...D.S., 2008. Shoreline Response for a Reef Ball Submerged Breakwater System Offshore of Grand Cayman Island. Thesis of Master of Science in Ocean Engineering, s41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
- ...ormation provided by ground-based instruments installed at the coast or on offshore platforms does not suffer from the episodic character of the satellite- or ...movement. An automatic quality control rejects routinely faulty data. For offshore application a motion sensor has to be integrated into the system to correct36 KB (5,694 words) - 16:25, 28 January 2024
- ...hern North Sea: an exploratory study, in: Degraer, S. et al. (Ed.) (2011). Offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the ...aren per m<sup>2</sup> waargenomen worden <ref name = (2005)>(2005). Elsam offshore wind turbines: Horns Rev annual status report for the environmental monitor16 KB (2,385 words) - 16:14, 12 March 2013
- ...nitial bar will follow until reaching a position where the breaker-induced offshore sand transport is weakened and in equilibrium with wave-induced onshore tra .... and Ruessink, B. G. 2012. On bar growth and decay during interannual net offshore migration. Coastal Eng. 60: 190–200</ref>. Under energetic waves, suspend24 KB (3,613 words) - 17:34, 14 November 2023
- ....H.; Thieltges, D.W.; Walter, U.; Nehls, G.; Rosenthal, H. (2005). Inshore-offshore comparison of parasite infestation in ''Mytilus edulis'': implications for19 KB (2,695 words) - 12:23, 26 January 2012
- ...h and conceptual models in marine environmental management: an example for offshore wind power. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: iii–vii</ref>. Therefore, the c20 KB (2,944 words) - 10:35, 10 August 2019
- ...tion against dumping. It was broadened to cover land-based sources and the offshore industry by the Paris Convention of 1974. These two conventions were unifie #Offshore Oil and Gas Industry10 KB (1,538 words) - 15:23, 1 August 2019
- ...breaking produces wave-driven currents that govern alongshore and on- and offshore sediment migration. The basic sediment characteristic is its average diamet ...al segment measured 500 m in the alongshore direction and stretched 1200 m offshore,25 KB (3,878 words) - 17:18, 3 September 2020
- ...evelopment (WSSD) target of protecting 20% of representative habitat (also offshore) '''Currently no offshore grounds formally protected'''10 KB (1,372 words) - 14:45, 7 November 2013
- ...ommercial fishery, which started in the late 19th century, now consists of offshore (> 30m depth) and nearshore sectors (<30m depth). Fishing is mainly by trap |Continue annual offshore and inshore Fishery Independent Monitoring Survey (FIMS); continue monitori11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:51, 26 December 2020
- ...elopment (including the construction of coastal defences), construction of offshore marine renewable and oil and gas exploration. Natural chemical threats pose69 KB (10,049 words) - 18:34, 7 March 2023
- ...ms, which have evolved mechanisms for adaptation and survival. Inshore and offshore waters provide [[Economic valuation of goods and services| resources and se7 KB (1,053 words) - 12:14, 29 June 2020
- ...olume of the biosphere is occupied by marine organisms and both inland and offshore waters provide resources and services estimated at 60% of the total economi6 KB (833 words) - 16:09, 29 June 2020
- ...vals. A third piece of climate information that is projected is changes in offshore waves. This gives changes in winter mean wave height but uncertainties in t23 KB (3,668 words) - 16:05, 5 February 2020
- ...often in conjunction with structures such as rock or wooden [[groynes]] or offshore breakwaters. This is because such beaches are known to be an efficient form ...nuing supply of sediments from rivers. Material has also been derived from offshore banks left behind by relatively rapid rises of sea level after cold episode40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
- ...such devices are easier to install compared to devices located in the deep offshore areas. The main disadvantage in these low depth regions is that the wave po ...., Wang, P., Higuera, P. and Wang, R. 2019. Hydrodynamic performance of an offshore-stationary OWC device with a horizontal bottom plate: Experimental and nume20 KB (3,003 words) - 15:51, 25 February 2023
- ...ormation provided by ground based instruments installed at the coast or on offshore platforms does not suffer from the episodic character of the satellite- or39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
- The system as meant in Fig. 10 with an additional offshore breakwater to create a quiet area has more possibilities, but also in this |Valign="top"| '''Fig. 10 Port with additional offshore breakwater'''15 KB (2,517 words) - 18:13, 18 January 2022
- ...tory experiments. Active absorption systems can assist the transparency of offshore boundaries to long waves. Although solved in practice, there are serious pr ...ve conditions require inputs of the incoming directional random sea at the offshore boundary. The two-dimensional input spectra are discretized into a finite n99 KB (15,083 words) - 13:37, 7 November 2021
- ...E]. For example, the portal provides data and information on marine fauna, offshore wind parks, [[eutrophication]], modelling results, [[remote sensing]], and21 KB (3,266 words) - 13:04, 13 July 2020
- ...moored ships combines different areas of research, namely: propagation of offshore sea states to the port considering nonlinear wave-wave interactions and sub ...behaviour of moored tankers, Proc. of the 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE2008 (ed. ASME), Estoril, Portugal,54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
- ...offshore-to-onshore orbital acceleration being greater than the onshore-to-offshore acceleration.1 KB (227 words) - 12:50, 12 April 2022
- ...ecific elevated levels, defined as concentrations > 50% above the spatial (offshore) and/or historical background concentration.17 KB (2,396 words) - 11:11, 20 February 2024
- ...n this regard, existing sectoral policies on maritime transport, industry, offshore energy, fisheries, the marine environment, coastal regions and others are t9 KB (1,418 words) - 17:17, 8 September 2020
- * [[SANDPIT]] Sand transport and morphology of offshore sand mining7 KB (873 words) - 11:50, 17 February 2024
- ...ted around the active river mouths, with approximately 15% being dispersed offshore (Kapsimalis et al., 2005). ...ation pattern of the Gulf (Nikolaidis et al., 2006) and the texture of the offshore sea-bed sediments (Kapsimalis et al., 2005). This resulted in the alterati6 KB (867 words) - 09:59, 2 July 2020
- ...the current wave climate, water level and beach state. Whether onshore or offshore transport dominates on a long time scale varies widely along most coasts. H21 KB (3,125 words) - 23:07, 24 February 2023
- Produced Formation Water (PFW) is an effluent of the offshore oil and gas industry. PFWs may be toxic to marine invertebrates <ref name=20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:27, 7 October 2022
- ...marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109470</ref> bloom transported offshore from areas along the northeast coast, closed the surf clam industry on Geor7 KB (1,140 words) - 12:17, 16 February 2024
- ...ployment and their relative importance in the sector as a whole (including offshore fisheries). ...a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> No distinction made between inshore and offshore fisheries, but it is possible to look at landings & value of landings of th27 KB (3,965 words) - 12:49, 11 October 2019
- ...px solid lightblue; font-size: 11px; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"| Offshore the Po river delta ...ont-weight:bold; text-align:center"| Continental slope of SE Bay of Biscay offshore San Sebastian (Spain)47 KB (6,585 words) - 12:44, 8 September 2020
- Some sandy coasts have large offshore sand deposits that can be mined and brought onshore to prevent coastal degr30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
- ...ploited in the Saint-Brieuc Bay, the main deposit called "of the Bay", the offshore deposit and the Nerput deposit. In this area, scallop exploitation has trul17 KB (2,560 words) - 11:57, 3 November 2014
- ...anche], offshore of Barfleur, Moulard, Réville and Ravenoville and one is offshore of Grandcamp in the Calvados (Figure 1). In terms of area, the [https://www14 KB (2,205 words) - 15:56, 4 August 2014
- ..."/>. The industry now also co-habits in this marine environment with major offshore energy developments with challenging local marine spatial planning and fish13 KB (1,935 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
- ...gs. More recently, the development of renewable energy sources, especially offshore wind power, has created further opportunities for support services. A wind3 KB (436 words) - 13:39, 4 December 2014
- ...Lizard Peninsula. Mullion Island, an uninhabited island approximately 800m offshore from Mullion, is home to large colonies of seabirds and owned by the Nation1 KB (182 words) - 11:57, 24 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (341 words) - 12:52, 19 November 2014
- ...ibution of women to the social bonds in their fishing communities is found offshore as well as onshore, in roles such as (fish) catching [[File:catching.png|ca15 KB (1,996 words) - 12:34, 28 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (283 words) - 12:53, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (352 words) - 13:03, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (386 words) - 13:07, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (324 words) - 13:10, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (289 words) - 13:12, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (310 words) - 13:14, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (301 words) - 13:15, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (292 words) - 13:16, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other4 KB (510 words) - 13:20, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (387 words) - 13:22, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (268 words) - 13:22, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (296 words) - 10:10, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (334 words) - 13:25, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (344 words) - 13:26, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (413 words) - 13:27, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (292 words) - 13:28, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (288 words) - 11:12, 8 October 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (297 words) - 10:55, 7 August 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (329 words) - 13:30, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (326 words) - 13:31, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (300 words) - 13:31, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (310 words) - 10:28, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (267 words) - 11:24, 8 October 2014
- |mainspecies=[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158748 offshore whiting] (10,4%), [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1 ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (441 words) - 11:51, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (292 words) - 11:56, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (332 words) - 13:34, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (317 words) - 13:34, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (307 words) - 13:44, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (475 words) - 13:46, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (289 words) - 13:47, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (316 words) - 13:49, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (409 words) - 14:43, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (433 words) - 14:46, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (372 words) - 09:34, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (371 words) - 14:51, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (412 words) - 14:55, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (284 words) - 09:37, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (312 words) - 13:23, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (329 words) - 13:31, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (283 words) - 15:03, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (282 words) - 15:06, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (342 words) - 15:08, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (317 words) - 15:10, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other4 KB (502 words) - 13:36, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (343 words) - 13:50, 4 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (306 words) - 15:15, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (375 words) - 15:16, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (293 words) - 09:55, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (306 words) - 09:55, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (293 words) - 15:27, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (318 words) - 15:29, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (266 words) - 15:30, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (267 words) - 15:31, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (275 words) - 15:32, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (272 words) - 15:34, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (268 words) - 15:35, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (312 words) - 09:58, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (303 words) - 09:58, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (259 words) - 15:39, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (270 words) - 15:40, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (330 words) - 15:42, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (253 words) - 15:43, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (392 words) - 10:00, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (328 words) - 15:47, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (261 words) - 15:48, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (359 words) - 10:01, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (362 words) - 15:50, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (294 words) - 15:52, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (278 words) - 15:53, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (281 words) - 15:54, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (326 words) - 15:56, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (266 words) - 15:58, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (269 words) - 10:08, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (307 words) - 10:11, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (316 words) - 16:04, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (319 words) - 10:20, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (265 words) - 16:08, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (331 words) - 16:10, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (293 words) - 16:11, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (309 words) - 10:31, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (274 words) - 16:13, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (351 words) - 10:32, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (297 words) - 16:19, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (314 words) - 16:20, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (299 words) - 10:33, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (333 words) - 16:23, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (275 words) - 16:25, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (263 words) - 16:26, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (296 words) - 16:27, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (278 words) - 10:34, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (333 words) - 10:34, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (308 words) - 16:32, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (261 words) - 16:34, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (297 words) - 16:36, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (295 words) - 16:38, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (302 words) - 16:38, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (261 words) - 16:40, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (279 words) - 16:42, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (401 words) - 16:43, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (288 words) - 16:45, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (251 words) - 16:46, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (267 words) - 16:47, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (270 words) - 16:48, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (287 words) - 16:50, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (376 words) - 16:52, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (281 words) - 16:54, 19 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (308 words) - 09:35, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (263 words) - 09:36, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (268 words) - 09:38, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (352 words) - 09:40, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (423 words) - 09:45, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (319 words) - 09:53, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (265 words) - 09:55, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (307 words) - 09:58, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other3 KB (374 words) - 10:02, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (303 words) - 10:03, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (315 words) - 10:05, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (338 words) - 10:43, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (261 words) - 10:08, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (294 words) - 10:11, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (355 words) - 10:50, 11 December 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (295 words) - 10:14, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (271 words) - 10:15, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (302 words) - 10:16, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (351 words) - 10:18, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (330 words) - 10:20, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (328 words) - 10:21, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (295 words) - 10:22, 20 November 2014
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other2 KB (283 words) - 10:23, 20 November 2014
- ...with data-driven neural network models. Predictions were more accurate for offshore sandbar migration during high energy conditions than for onshore migration29 KB (4,514 words) - 16:02, 21 September 2023
- ...tive importance in the sector as a whole (all fishing activities including offshore and large-scale fisheries). By means of an inventory of data sources and su13 KB (1,950 words) - 12:47, 11 October 2019
- ...tive importance in the sector as a whole (all fishing activities including offshore and large-scale fisheries). By means of an inventory of data sources and su ...a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> No distinction made between inshore and offshore fisheries, but it is possible to look at landings & value of landings of th13 KB (1,894 words) - 12:47, 11 October 2019
- ...tive importance in the sector as a whole (all fishing activities including offshore and large-scale fisheries). By means of an inventory of data sources and su13 KB (1,844 words) - 12:48, 11 October 2019
- ...h more than 75% of their time outside the coastal zone. These vessels fish offshore the French coast but are in some cases active in the coastal zone of other4 KB (534 words) - 11:12, 27 August 2014
- ===Offshore wind energy=== ...Association: [s.l.<nowiki>]</nowiki>. 22 pp.]</ref>. It is envisaged that offshore wind could meet 4% of the EU electricity demand by 2020 and 14% by 2030 <re3 KB (500 words) - 10:24, 10 August 2019
- ...E9FfxhR09Q movie about the project]) develops concepts for next-generation offshore platforms for multi-use of ocean space for energy extraction, aquaculture a ...ean Commission granted two other research projects with regard to multiuse offshore platforms:3 KB (456 words) - 12:51, 29 August 2014
- ...tive importance in the sector as a whole (all fishing activities including offshore and large-scale fisheries). By means of an inventory of data sources and su18 KB (2,788 words) - 12:46, 11 October 2019
- The MERMAID project considers four offshore study sites for multi-use offshore platforms. Site-specific designs are being developed based on an extensive793 bytes (117 words) - 15:37, 29 August 2014
- ...e from beach-launched boats. Eleven boats of 7-13 meters go up to 40 miles offshore. The rocky grounds of the sea bed made the town famous for hosting fine cra4 KB (726 words) - 16:33, 20 November 2014
- ...basin for some time before finally leaving the estuary and being evacuated offshore. We call <math> T_x </math> the flushing time of water parcels in the tidal48 KB (7,481 words) - 15:07, 2 July 2023
- ...t Processes]] - introduction to sediment transport in general, onshore and offshore transport and equilibrium coastal profile, transport of non-cohesive sedime ...skewness, flat/rippled/sloping beds, sediment transport processes, onshore-offshore asymmetry, observation, modelling, practical formulas20 KB (2,422 words) - 12:26, 20 February 2024
- ...ring tidal range of 5 m. It is sheltered from ocean waves by several large offshore islands. The channel width at the mouth is about 500 m and the average chan ...bay is wave dominated with large muddy concave-up tidal flats. Significant offshore wave heights during winter are 2–4 m. The middle part of the basin has sa87 KB (13,505 words) - 12:18, 20 January 2024
- <math> \theta_{w,offshore} = \Large \frac{1}{2T_{wt}} \int_{T_{wc}}^{T_w} \frac{f_{cw} (u_w(t)+U in which <math>\alpha_{pl,b} = \alpha_{onshore} - \alpha_{offshore}</math> and,36 KB (5,680 words) - 17:54, 31 August 2022
- ...l, 1 km wide, 10 km long. The Holderness measurements were taken some 4 km offshore of a long rapidly eroding coastline (glacial till).50 KB (7,345 words) - 17:09, 2 July 2020
- ...d ranged between 0.274 and 0.394 ind/ km². Lowest abundance were found in offshore regions near west of Scotland and Ireland (block Q) and near coasts of SW F ...d.) Progress in marine conservation in Europe: NATURA 2000 sites in German offshore waters. pp. 239-248]</ref>.77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
- ...and the lower shoreface <ref>Warrick, J. A., and P. L. Barnard (2012), The offshore export of sand during exceptional discharge from California rivers, Geology Waves are an efficient sediment sorter, and move fine-grained sediment offshore while coarser grained sediment is left behind in the nearshore environment13 KB (1,953 words) - 21:33, 3 July 2020
- ...re running down the beach (Figure 2 right panel). Narrow, concentrated and offshore-directed flows in the embayments are a typical feature of beach cusps. Othe11 KB (1,666 words) - 16:48, 7 October 2022
- ...or submerged, possible applications are dune reinforcements, groynes, and offshore scour protections. Typically, they are mechanically filled.33 KB (4,961 words) - 17:31, 20 May 2020
- ...rs, floating breakwaters, sea walls, etc… that affect wave transfer from offshore to shore; these mitigations can directly be drawn by the user (Fig. 5) or u These processes include wave transformation from offshore till the shoreline, beach erosion, wave runup on the beach and overtopping17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
- ...dy coastal environments<ref>Vittori, G. and Blondeaux, P. 2022. Predicting offshore tidal bedforms using stability methods. Earth-Science Reviews 235, 104234</ ...1 = 0.00251, c_2 = 4.57, c_3 = -0.19</math>) <ref name=S74>Swart, D. 1974. Offshore Sediment Transport and Equilibrium Beach Profiles. Technical Report 131, De26 KB (4,021 words) - 12:32, 13 March 2023
- ...oastal zone has led to the notion that storm waves cause sediments to move offshore while fair-weather waves and swell return the sediments shorewards. During42 KB (6,585 words) - 21:05, 30 December 2023
- ...but with typical scales of thousands of kilometres both alongshore and for offshore decrease of properties. ...coastal elevation is relatively easily measured. Higher modes (with more offshore zeros; figure 2 right panel) have been identified off Oregon, the Middle At34 KB (5,118 words) - 12:02, 29 June 2020
- ...98</ref>. The largest short waves in the group will break slightly further offshore than the smallest waves in the group. This forces a time-variation of the [ ...to outgoing wave heights in the zone offshore from <math>x</math> = 20 m (offshore boundary at <math>x</math> = 0). Upper dashed curve: LHS62 asymptote (<math25 KB (3,848 words) - 16:22, 25 February 2023
- ...from severe wave conditions and/or high sea levels (tide and storm surge) offshore and transformed to nearshore. Tsunamis, namely very long waves most often g ...J.M., Voortman, H.G. and Vrijling, J.K., 2004. “Bivariate description of offshore wave conditions with physics-based extreme value statistics”, Applied Oce25 KB (3,812 words) - 20:36, 18 September 2023
- ...olais, G., Marsset, T., Bourillet, J.F. and De Batist, M. (1998) Erosional offshore sand ridges and lowstand shorefaces: examples from tide- and wave-dominated ...Yuan (2019) for a review<ref>De Swart, H.E. and Yuan, B. 2019. Dynamics of offshore tidal sand ridges, a review. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 19: 1047–107122 KB (3,464 words) - 15:25, 24 April 2021
- * Engineered uses - land creation and improvement, beach nourishment, offshore berms, capping material and backfill;33 KB (5,130 words) - 15:57, 27 February 2023
- ...fficult to ascertain whether they are self-organized or they are forced by offshore bathymetric anomalies or by geological constraints. When there is a dominan ...ration (i.e., sediment load induced by wave breaking) will therefore occur offshore. Then, the current flowing shoreward at the shoals will carry a lot of sedi41 KB (6,530 words) - 10:19, 3 July 2022
- ...sqrt{H_0/L_0})</math> and <math>H_0, L_0</math> and <math>\beta</math> are offshore wave height, wave length and the swash zone beach face slope, respectively. ...ard for nearly the whole swash cycle, i.e. the total fluid acceleration is offshore throughout the swash cycle.32 KB (4,942 words) - 12:58, 5 April 2021
- ...dlands the wave rays will converge, resulting in larger wave heights. Over offshore shoals the waves may be focused, resulting in a small region where the wave ...re, in determining an inshore sea state due account should be taken of the offshore directional spectrum.86 KB (13,927 words) - 12:36, 3 May 2023
- ...on and no significant net sediment transport between the nearshore and the offshore, for a given or characteristic time interval. This depth is generally calle3 KB (447 words) - 17:07, 26 August 2022
- == Representation of Offshore Contours == ...odel is not used in the present Corps of Engineers version of GENESIS, the offshore contour orientation, upon which the incoming waves are refracted, is calcul26 KB (4,053 words) - 13:58, 30 April 2024
- ...f rivers, sediment may also be delivered by cliff erosion or by erosion of offshore reefs. This is often the case of [[Gravel Beaches|gravel beaches]], which c ...or mud and the slope of the profile becomes considerably more gentle. Fine offshore bed material is only suspended and transported during the rougher part of t24 KB (3,854 words) - 16:00, 30 June 2020
- ...ar definition is: The shoreface is the zone seaward of the shoreline where offshore generated waves interact with the upward sloping seabed. }} A dynamic equilibrium is reached when onshore directed sediment transport and offshore directed transport are equal on average over a period exceeding the morphod59 KB (9,016 words) - 11:16, 19 April 2024
- ...g the profile requires supply of sand. Bruun assumed that sand supply from offshore is negligible if the shoreface profile extends seaward up to the [[closure ...artificial islands, offshore windfarms, dredging of navigation channels or offshore deposition of dredged material;11 KB (1,739 words) - 22:49, 11 December 2022
- ...here the waves collapse on the beach. The finer fractions are found in the offshore zone and also on the backshore and the dunes, which are fed from the dry be where <math>H</math> is the significant offshore wave height (before breaking), <math>w</math> the sediment fall velocity an56 KB (8,246 words) - 17:33, 30 December 2023
- ...of coastal terms#Headland|headlands]], [[groyne]]s, [[Detached breakwater|offshore breakwaters]], [[beach nourishment]] and [[seawall]]s. The characteristics ...ent coastlines. Sometimes there can be shoreward pathways of sediment from offshore sources. In some cases, these processes may no longer be active and the bea15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
- ===Groynes and shore parallel offshore breakwaters=== Series of groynes or series of shore parallel offshore breakwaters interfere with the longshore sediment transport <math>S(x)</mat18 KB (2,830 words) - 16:57, 26 August 2022
- ...Therefore salt marshes can usually be found in the sheltered areas behind offshore barrier islands, behind spits, in estuaries and in protected bays with shal69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
- ...ded to halt shoreline retreat. It is less effective for beach widening. If offshore sand borrow locations are abundant and not far away, the price per m<sup>3< ...is indicated by the red line. The nourishment was stable (slightly moving offshore) for more than 10 years. After applying the nourishment, the position of th9 KB (1,419 words) - 18:14, 17 January 2022
- ...D.S and Nedwed, T.J. 2021. Effectiveness of mechanical recovery for large offshore oil spills. Marine Pollution Bulletin 163: 111848</ref>. Biodegradation rem32 KB (4,859 words) - 16:36, 15 February 2024
- ...ms, which have evolved mechanisms for adaptation and survival. Inshore and offshore waters provide resources and services estimated at 60% of the total economi9 KB (1,283 words) - 15:58, 10 September 2020
- ...ath>\eta_u \sim 0.2 H</math> is the [[wave set-up]], <math>H</math> is the offshore significant wave height and <math>\xi</math> is the [[surf similarity para where <math>L = g T^2/(2 \pi)</math> is the offshore wave length, <math>m = \tan \beta</math> is the beach slope and <math>T</ma7 KB (1,082 words) - 13:00, 18 April 2024
- ...upstream accumulation, by offshore loss or by dumping of dredged material offshore or elsewhere outside the system. The regulation of tidal inlets is actually17 KB (2,622 words) - 20:46, 31 March 2021
- ...rallel to the shoreline, can aim to create sheltered depositional beaches. Offshore breakwaters can also serve to protect fairways and harbors from high waves. ...ffshoreBreakwaterShoreRevetment.jpg|thumb|900px|center|Fig. 1. Left panel: Offshore rubble-mound breakwater. Right panel: Rock revetment protecting the backsho53 KB (8,270 words) - 18:27, 26 March 2024
- ...: Prograding mudflat including some sand and shells. Middle: Winnowing and offshore transport of mud by energetic wave action and onshore transport of the resu6 KB (884 words) - 13:20, 13 January 2024
- |definition= Waves generated far offshore in the deep sea that propagate onshore. }}490 bytes (73 words) - 14:44, 1 May 2021
- ...ws 204, 103148</ref>. Most of these formulas relate the wave set-up to the offshore significant wave height <math>H_s</math>, the deep-water wave length <math>6 KB (925 words) - 20:23, 16 April 2023
- ...<math>H_0/L_0</math> of the incident waves (<math>H_0, L_0</math> are the offshore wave height and wavelength) and the average shoreface slope <math>m</math>. ...h>\xi=m/\sqrt{H_0/L_0}</math> (ratio of shoreface slope and square root of offshore wave steepness) has values typically smaller than about 0.4. Incident waves21 KB (3,346 words) - 16:17, 6 April 2024
- ...coasts, raising and widening the beach through [[shore nourishment]] with offshore dredged sand can provide additional protection against erosion and wave att16 KB (2,325 words) - 21:09, 31 March 2024
- ...30-4E, Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI, Linköping</ref>. In Hongkong, offshore sand borrow pits (15 m deep) are used for disposal of contaminated sediment14 KB (2,089 words) - 19:14, 7 March 2023
- ...storm waves or low-energy swell). The presence of a beach implies that net offshore loss of sediment is limited (otherwise no beach would be present). Hence, t ...e shoreline orientation depends, more than for non-embayed beaches, on the offshore wave incidence direction, on wave refraction and on wave diffraction. The w13 KB (2,008 words) - 16:12, 3 October 2021
- ...id lightblue; font-size: 11px; text-align:left"| '''Directive on safety of offshore oil and gas operations''' https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?u To prevent major accidents in offshore oil and gas operations and limit the consequences of such accidents.21 KB (3,017 words) - 20:10, 8 October 2021
- ...ant group of species representing a predominant ecological role. Examples: offshore surface-feeding birds, demersal fish, etc. Often applied to particular gro39 KB (5,335 words) - 13:31, 6 March 2022
- where <math>H_s</math> is the offshore significant wave height before breaking, <math>T_p</math> is the peak spect1 KB (184 words) - 10:57, 25 August 2022
- where <math>H_s</math> is the offshore significant wave height before breaking, <math>T_p</math> is the peak spect1 KB (186 words) - 10:59, 25 August 2022
- ...waves transport sand from the backshore to the foreshore and even further offshore to the [[Shoreface profile|upper shoreface]]. ...nd to the upper [[Shoreface profile|shoreface]] and sometimes even further offshore. Several factors have been identified which contribute to the severity of c29 KB (4,526 words) - 12:45, 24 April 2024
- ...ng breaker. Or maybe overriding waves with different frequencies generated offshore by incidental causes. Looking at the small ocean waves in the picture, ther7 KB (1,237 words) - 19:00, 10 January 2023
- ...fraction (order 1‰) of included air, are<ref name=V6>Verruijt, A. 2006. Offshore soil mechanics. Delft University Lecture Notes</ref>: ...bolic depth dependence of the pore pressure<ref name=V6>Verruijt, A. 2006. Offshore soil mechanics. Delft University Lecture Notes</ref>. The wave-averaged bou26 KB (4,133 words) - 18:38, 7 March 2024
- ==Use of dispersants to protect the Wadden Sea from offshore oil slicks==11 KB (1,656 words) - 18:48, 6 February 2024