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Absent (Definition: Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Absent, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:25:24)
Abundance (Definition: Abundance and population trends of species populations have been recorded where this information was available., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abundance, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 12:07:34)
- Common (Definition: A species with is abundant or present at moderate or relatively moderate densities., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Common, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:31:01)
- Common to dominant (Definition: A species which is found in relatively moderate to high densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Common to dominant, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:31:25)
- Dominant (Definition: A species which is very abundant or present at high densities or relatively high densities., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dominant, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:38:57)
AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals (Definition: Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 10:57:20)
Abyssopelagic (Definition: Overlays the plains of the major ocean basins with a lower boundary of ca 6000 m., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssopelagic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 May 2015 15:24:39)
AccessoryFeedingStructures (Definition: Other structures such as palps, tentacles or a radiolar crown ("grooved palps"). There are forms of single pair of grooved palps nearly always attached dorsally or near the junction of the prostomium and peristomium, or multiple grooved palps sometimes forming a crown. Dorso lateral ciliated folds in the roof of the buccal cavity may be present in some polychaetes., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AccessoryFeedingStructures, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 11:45:52)
Accretion (Definition: An organism that constructs reefs or raised beds of accreted materials, e.g. bound sand in Sabellaria spp., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Accretion, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 16:31:09)
Actinula (Definition: Crawling larval stage of some hydoids (amend), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Actinula, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 09:36:37)
Adult (Definition: The reproductively capable (mature), fully formed, usually longest lived, stage of an animals life cycle., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adult, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 July 2015 09:49:35)
AdultBurrow (Definition: Eggs are placed or retained within the parents burrow, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBurrow, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:07:44)
Adverse habitat modification (Definition: Where the species physically alters the nature of the strata/habitat., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adverse habitat modification, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:26:11)
AerialHawking (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialHawking, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 July 2015 15:50:21)
AgeAtMaturity (Definition: Age recorded in days, months, years., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AgeAtMaturity, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:58:08)
Aggregations (Definition: An organism that constructs reefs and raised beds due to aggregation of large numbers of individuals via permanent or semi-permanent attachment e.g. mussels, oysters and Crepidula beds., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aggregations, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 16:32:11)
Alien (Definition: Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alien, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 September 2015 14:55:39)
AlphaHaline (Definition: 36-40 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaHaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:16:34)
AlphaMesohaline (Definition: 10-<18 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaMesohaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:06:44)
AlphaOligohaline (Definition: 3-<5 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaOligohaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:10:09)
AlphaPolyhaline (Definition: 25-<30 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaPolyhaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:13:00)
AlternationOfGenerations (Definition: The alternation of generations, in the life cycle of an organism, that exhibit different modes of reproduction; typically sexual (diploid) and asexual (haploid) phases. Also termed metagenesis (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Daphnia, some rotifers), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlternationOfGenerations, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 27 July 2015 13:56:14)
Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles (Definition: Where the species alters the nature of chemical or water cycles., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:26:46)
Alters trophic interactions (Definition: Where the species alters food web dynamics., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters trophic interactions, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:27:40)
Ambusher (Definition: Sedentary or sessile predators, that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures (e.g. sea anemones, large hydroids, spiders), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ambusher, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 09:54:50)
Amphiblastula (Definition: A poriferan larva, composed of a hollow ball of cells, with one hemisphere ciliated (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Amphiblastula, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 09:39:28)
AnchialineCaves (Definition: Coastal salt water habitats with no surface connection to the sea., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchialineCaves, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 8 July 2015 09:13:39)
Anisogamous (Definition: Having flagellate gametes of different size, shape or behaviour (from Bold, 1977 and Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Anisogamous, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 09:44:08)
AnnualEpisodic (Definition: Breeds every year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualEpisodic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:43:05)
AnnualProtracted (Definition: Breeds every year over an extended or drawn out period., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualProtracted, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:43:30)
AppendagesPaddles (Definition: Swimming is effected one or more pairs of appendages (legs or paddles) e.g. the pleiopods of Isopod, Amphipod or Decapod crustaceans, or the legs of amphibious vertebrates., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AppendagesPaddles, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 12:09:07)
Aquaculture: accidental (Definition: Alien and potentially invasive species that have accidentally escaped from containment/ aquaculture facility into the wild., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: accidental, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:28:28)
Aquaculture: deliberate (Definition: Alien and potentially invasive species that have been intentionally introduced for aquaculture., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: deliberate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 12:02:20)
Aquatic transport (Definition: Where the species alters boat traffic or impedes ability of boats to navigate waterways., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquatic transport, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:28:50)
ArborescentArbuscular (Definition: Having the shape or characteristics of a tree., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArborescentArbuscular, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 16:52:20)
AristolesLantern (Definition: Specialist - sea urchins, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AristolesLantern, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 10:25:26)
ArmsAppendages (Definition: Traits that describe specialized limbs or appendages used to catch or process food items., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArmsAppendages, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 10:30:14)
Arrhenotoky (Definition: Haploid males develop from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs (adapted from Lincoln 'et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Arrhenotoky, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 09:02:12)
Artificial (Definition: E.g. wood, metal or concrete structures., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Artificial, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 14:27:41)
AscidianTadpole (Definition: A free-swimming tadpole-like larva of ascidians, characterized by a head (bearing internal organs and adhesive papilla) and tail (with notochord and neural tube) (Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AscidianTadpole, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 09:43:37)
AsexualReproduction (Definition: Reproduction not involving the exchange of genetic material, amictic, individuals derived form a single parent (Barnes et al., 2006); not involving the fusion of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AsexualReproduction, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 15:21:43)
- ApomicticParthenogenesis (Definition: Reproduction via single cells /eggs that are derived by mitosis (Barnes et al., 1993) - amictic., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ApomicticParthenogenesis, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 17 July 2015 13:41:07)
Auricularia (Definition: First free-swimming larval stage of the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a continuous and curving flagellated band (Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Auricularia, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 June 2015 11:29:40)
AutomicticParthenogenesis (Definition: Obligate self-fertilization (Lincoln et al., 1998) in which haploid eggs /gametes are produced by meiosis but diploidy is restored without fertilization., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AutomicticParthenogenesis, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 09:18:00)
Autotroph (Definition: Self-feeding. An organism capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Autotroph, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:29:51)
- Chemoautotroph (Definition: An organism that obtains metabolic energy from oxidation of inorganic substrates such as sulphur, nitrogen or iron (e.g. some micro-organisms) (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chemoautotroph, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 22 May 2015 13:28:34)
Bathylpelagic (Definition: Extends from ca 1000-2500 m., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathylpelagic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 May 2015 15:28:15)
Beak (Definition: e.g. birds / cephalopods, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Beak, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 15:25:54)
Bedrock (Definition: Any stable hard substratum, not separated into boulders or smaller sediment units. Includes soft rock-types such as chalk, peat and clay. (Hiscock et al., 1999; MarLIN), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bedrock, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 14:23:02)
Benthic (Definition: Pertaining to the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 8 July 2015 09:13:52)
- Abyssobenthic (Definition: Occupying the ocean floor from ca 4000 - 6000 m depth. Usually a more or less flat plain (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssobenthic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 14:13:11)
- Bathybenthic (Definition: Occupying the ocean floor from ca 200 - 4000 m depth (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathybenthic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 14:13:46)
Benthopelagic (Definition: A zone of open water extending ca 100 m above the surface of the sea bed at all depths below the edge of the continental shelf., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthopelagic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 14:29:07)
BetaHaline (Definition: 30-36 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaHaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:17:21)
BetaMesohaline (Definition: 5-<10 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaMesohaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:08:05)
BetaOligohaline (Definition: 0.5-<3 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaOligohaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:10:41)
BetaPolyhaline (Definition: 18-<25 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaPolyhaline, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:13:49)
Biannual (Definition: Breeds less frequently than every two years., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biannual, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 08:12:42)
BiannualEpisodic (Definition: Breeds every second year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualEpisodic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:43:56)
BiannualProtracted (Definition: Breeds once every two years over an extended or drawn out period., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualProtracted, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:44:16)
Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release (Definition: Where an introduction of a bio-control agent results in an unintentional introduction of an invasive species (which is carried directly on the bio-control agent itself or along with habitat material associated with the bio-control agent)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:29:12)
Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent (Definition: Where a species (i.e. a bio-control agent) introduced to control a pest, weed or invasive species becomes a problem itself., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:29:27)
Biodiffusor (Definition: Organisms whose activities that cause constant and random local sediment biomixing over short distances resulting in transport of sediment particles, analogous to molecular or eddy diffusion (from Kristensen et al., 2012). Includes epifaunal biodiffusers e.g. fiddler crabs; surficial biodiffusers e.g. Echinocardium; and gallery biodiffusers e.g. Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biodiffusor, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 08:51:18)
Biogenic (Definition: Habitat features created by living things, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biogenic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:56:51)
- BedForming (Definition: An organism that lives in large aggregations or beds (e.g. brittlestars, mussels, oysters, Crepidula etc, sea squirts), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BedForming, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 16:27:00)
  - AlgalGravel (Definition: Constructs deep beds of calcareous algal nodules, e.g. maerl beds, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlgalGravel, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 16:27:34)
  - CoralSands (Definition: Deposition of sands formed by the breakdown to the skeletons of living organisms, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoralSands, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 15:01:16)
BiogenicReef (Definition: An elevated structure on the seabed built by calcareous or other concretion-forming organisms, or by chemical precipitation (Hiscock, 1996); for example by Modiolus modiolus or Sabellaria alveolata, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiogenicReef, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 13:08:16)
Biological Descriptors (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biological Descriptors, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 4 May 2015 11:03:36)
- BodySize (Definition: A measurement of the size of the organism. Note - the measurement used to express body size varies within taxonomic groups. For example, some disciplines measure diameter, others carapace length, total body length or wing span. Also body size can vary with gender and life stage., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodySize, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 13 May 2015 12:02:06)
Bipinnaria (Definition: First of the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by a ciliary band and the presence of arm-like projections (Stachowitsch, 1992; Ruppert & Barnes, 1994)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bipinnaria, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 December 2015 13:27:03)
BirdsDirective (Definition: Europe is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirective, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:26:15)
- BirdsDirectiveAnnex1 (Definition: 194 species and sub-species are particularly threatened. Member States must designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for their survival and all migratory bird species., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex1, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:19:31)
- BirdsDirectiveAnnex2 (Definition: 82 bird species can be hunted. However, the hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most vulnerable: during their return migration to nesting areas, reproduction and the raising of their chicks., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex2, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:21:19)
- BirdsDirectiveAnnex3 (Definition: Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex3, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:22:35)
- BirdsDirectiveAnnex4 (Definition: The directive provides for the sustainable management of hunting but Member States must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing of birds, especially the methods listed in this annex., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex4, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:23:52)
- BirdsDirectiveAnnex5 (Definition: The directive promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the Directive, which are listed in this annex., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex5, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:25:07)
BitingMacerating (Definition: Mouth parts designed to grasp and macerate food before swallowing (e.g. most vertebrates), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingMacerating, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 11:31:36)
BitingPiercing (Definition: Mouth parts designed to pierce outside of food or prey and feed on internal fluids or tissues, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingPiercing, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 11:30:38)
Bivoltine (Definition: Two generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivoltine, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 10:45:55)
BlindEndedVentilation (Definition: Organisms that live in 'I' or 'J' shaped burrows open at only one end where water is drawn through or diffuses out of the sediment e.g. Arenicola marina (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BlindEndedVentilation, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 09:04:02)
Bodylength (Definition: Maximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bodylength, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 18 December 2019 13:23:16)
Border Intercept (Definition: Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Border Intercept, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:29:45)
Brachioloaria (Definition: The second the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by the appearance of three adhesive arms at the anterior end (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brachioloaria, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 December 2015 13:27:40)
Brackish (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brackish, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 14:31:02)
BrackishSalinity (Definition: 0.5-<30 psu, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BrackishSalinity, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 11:08:38)
Broadcast (Definition: Both gametes are expelled (spawned) from the confines of the adult body or tissues, into the external fluid medium (water/air), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Broadcast, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 08:41:17)
BroodChamber (Definition: Eggs retained by adult, usually in specialised cavity/appendage where the eggs develop to larval or juvenile stage, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodChamber, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:37:33)
BroodingBehaviour (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodingBehaviour, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 April 2020 13:19:45)
- Brooding (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brooding, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 February 2020 11:24:52)
Browser (Definition: Feeding on parts of plants (e.g. shoots, leaves, twigs) or parts of other organisms (e.g. siphon nipping by fish). (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Browser, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:13:59)
BuccalOrgansAbsent (Definition: The buccal cavity lacks obvious differentiation of the wall and it is not eversible. Some species if buccal cavity present at all, is only a transient larval structure and becomes completely occluded., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BuccalOrgansAbsent, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 13:31:17)
Budding (Definition: A form of asexual multiplication in which a new individual begins life as an outgrowth from the body of the parent. It may then separate to lead an independent existence or remain connected or otherwise associated to form a colonial organism (Barnes et al., 1993)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Budding, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:10:56)
BurrowBuilder (Definition: An organism that constructs permanent or semi-permanent burrows through physical excavation or chemical action., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BurrowBuilder, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:57:04)
BurrowDweller (Definition: Occupies or shares space in burrow constructed by other organisms., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BurrowDweller, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 13:11:34)
Burrower (Definition: An organism that moves through the substratum by burrowing or tunneling (e.g. earthworms, polychaetes)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Burrower, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 15:42:08)
CITES (Definition: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

Appendices I, II and III to the Convention are lists of species afforded different levels or types of protection from over-exploitation., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITES, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 09:08:40)

- CITESAppendixI (Definition: Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants (see Article II, paragraph 1 of the Convention). They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (see Article III), for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re-export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixI, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 08:08:16)
- CITESAppendixII (Definition: Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. It also includes so-called "look-alike species", i.e. species whose specimens in trade look like those of species listed for conservation reasons (see Article II, paragraph 2 of the Convention). International trade in specimens of Appendix-II species may be authorized by the granting of an export permit or re-export certificate. No import permit is necessary for these species under CITES (although a permit is needed in some countries that have taken stricter measures than CITES requires). Permits or certificates should only be granted if the relevant authorities are satisfied that certain conditions are met, above all that trade will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. (See Article IV of the Convention), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixII, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 08:09:31)
- CITESAppendixIII (Definition: Appendix III is a list of species included at the request of a Party that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation (see Article II, paragraph 3, of the Convention). International trade in specimens of species listed in this Appendix is allowed only on presentation of the appropriate permits or certificates. (See Article V of the Convention), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixIII, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 08:10:32)
Calcareous (Definition: An organism that constructs reefs or biogenic structures composed of the calcareous skeletons of individuals or colonies (e.g. corals), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcareous, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 20 January 2017 14:17:40)
CalcareousSkeleton (Definition: Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CalcareousSkeleton, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 10 March 2017 13:48:46)
- AmorphousCaCO3 (Definition: calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AmorphousCaCO3, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 February 2017 14:03:46)
- Aragonite (Definition: a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aragonite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:27:43)
- Calcite (Definition: crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e. g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells and the skeletons of calcareous sponges., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:28:39)
CalcareousSkeleton (Definition: Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CalcareousSkeleton, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 10 March 2017 13:48:46)
- AmorphousCaCO3 (Definition: calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AmorphousCaCO3, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 February 2017 14:03:46)
- Aragonite (Definition: a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aragonite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:27:43)
- Calcite (Definition: crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e. g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells and the skeletons of calcareous sponges., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:28:39)
CalcareousSkeleton (Definition: Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CalcareousSkeleton, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 10 March 2017 13:48:46)
- AmorphousCaCO3 (Definition: calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AmorphousCaCO3, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 February 2017 14:03:46)
- Aragonite (Definition: a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aragonite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:27:43)
- Calcite (Definition: crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e. g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells and the skeletons of calcareous sponges., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcite, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 January 2017 12:28:39)
Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals (Definition: Where a canal, by joining two bodies of water which were not originally naturally joined, becomes a conduit for invasive species migration to a new area/region., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:30:00)
Captacula (Definition: specialist - scaphopods, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Captacula, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 15:20:38)
Carnivore (Definition: An organism that feeds on animal tissue/meat., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Carnivore, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 December 2015 15:29:25)
Cave (Definition: A hollow normally eroded in a cliff (or vertical rock) with the penetration being greater than the width of the entrance (Hiscock, 1996)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cave, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 17 July 2015 13:46:45)
CementedAttached (Definition: The surface or body part to which eggs are attached by the parent, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CementedAttached, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:08:47)
- AdultBody (Definition: Attached or stuck to adult but not held in specialised appendage / receptacle, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBody, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:09:11)
- AttachedSediment (Definition: Attached to the sediment surface e.g. by mucilagenous sheath such as used by necklace shells, and opistobranchs, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AttachedSediment, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:10:01)
CephalicSpines (Definition: specialist - chaetognaths, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CephalicSpines, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 July 2015 16:02:51)
ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay (Definition: Common in OSPAR Region IV, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 12:52:48)
ChangesInBiodiversityIndex (Definition: Common in OSPAR Region III, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangesInBiodiversityIndex, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 12:45:39)
ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio (Definition: Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 12:16:13)
Chitinous (Definition: composed of chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. It is the chief polysaccharide in fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of arthropods (derived form Lawrence, 2005)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chitinous, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 March 2017 08:07:51)
Choanocytes (Definition: Special feeding cell of sponges, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Choanocytes, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 14:38:34)
CiliaFlagella (Definition: Swimming is effected by beating of cilia and or flagella; includes the fused cilia of Ctenophores., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CiliaFlagella, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 12:09:38)
Circalittoral (Definition: The subzone of the rocky sublittoral below that dominated by algae (the infralittoral), and dominated by animals. No lower limit is defined, but species composition changes below about 40m to 80m depth, depending on depth of the seasonal thermocline. This subzone can be subdivided into the upper circalittoral where foliose algae are present and the lower circalittoral where they are not (see Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to two étages of the sediment benthos below the infralittoral: a "coastal circalittoral category with a eurythermal environment of weak seasonal amplitude (less than 10°C) varying slowly" and a "circalittoral category of the open sea with a stenothermal environment" (Hiscock, 1996)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Circalittoral, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 14:31:55)
CircalittoralOffshore (Definition: Typically occurs below 50-70 metres away from the influence of wave action. Aphotic with animal communities in stable or stenothermal and stenohaline conditions. Open sea (Connor et al., 1997)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CircalittoralOffshore, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 15:28:34)
Clawed (Definition: e.g. Mammals, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clawed, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 15:04:04)
Clay (Definition: 1) Sediment particles less than 0.004 mm in size (Wentworth, 1922). 2) A soft very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles (Hiscock, 1996)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clay, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 14:53:05)
ClutchSize (Definition: Number of eggs laid at one time - in organisms that may lay eggs in one or more batches., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ClutchSize, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:02:09)
CoarseCleanSand (Definition: 1) Particle size 0.5 - 4 mm (Hiscock, 1996), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoarseCleanSand, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 10:59:36)
CoarseSediments (Definition: Sediments composed of gravel and sand; inc. gravel, gravelly sand and sandy gravel (Long, 2006), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoarseSediments, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 15:53:20)
Cobbles (Definition: 64-256 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata that are predominantly cobbles., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cobbles, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 1 June 2015 16:39:14)
Colonial (e.g. sea birds) (Definition: Organisms that come together in large colonies (100 plus individuals) - often in the same area from season to season - usually for breeding purposes, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Colonial (e.g. sea birds), Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 20 May 2015 16:15:20)
Commensal (with/on/in) (Definition: Symbiosis (q.v.) in which one species derives benefit from a common food supply, whilst the other species is not adversely affected (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Commensal (with/on/in), Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 20 May 2015 16:04:37)
Conaria (Definition: Early larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with disc-shaped float, and consists of a hollow sphere with aboral thickening (Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Conaria, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 09:00:53)
ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities (Definition: Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 5 December 2019 12:10:26)
Consumes native species (predator or herbivore) (Definition: Where the species preys on native fauna or grazes on native flora., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Consumes native species (predator or herbivore), Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:31:45)
Copepodid (Definition: Free swimming larval stage, typically with five sub-stages, characterized by excretion through maxillary glands, and progressive increase in number of body segments and posterior appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Copepodid, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 June 2015 11:41:29)
Coronate (Definition: Free-swimming, lecithotrophic larva of Bryozoa, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Coronate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 11:35:59)
CrawlerWalkerClimber (Definition: An organism that moves across, up or down the substratum via movements of its legs, appendages or muscles (e.g. Carcinus)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrawlerWalkerClimber, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:45:16)
Creeper (Definition: An organism that moves slowly or 'creeps' across the surface of the substratum, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Creeper, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 15:45:52)
CrevicesFissures (Definition: A narrow crack in hard substratum where penetration is deeper than the width at the entrance; a crevice is <10 mm wide at the entrance, while a fissure is >10 mm (Hiscock ,1996), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrevicesFissures, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 13:42:48)
CriticallyEndangered (Definition: A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CriticallyEndangered, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 4 December 2019 14:25:47)
Cruising (Definition: copepod / zooplankton specific??, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cruising, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 12:50:31)
CrustoseHard (Definition: Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that is solid or resistant to touch or pressure e.g. encrusting coralline algae or sea mats such as Umbonula littoralis., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrustoseHard, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 11:34:23)
CrustoseSoft (Definition: Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that yields to the touch or pressure e.g. the gelatinous colonies of Botryllus schlosseri or soft cushions of sponges such as Halichondria sp., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrustoseSoft, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 11:35:09)
Ctenidia (Definition: e.g bivalve molluscs, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ctenidia, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 14:54:55)
Cushion (Definition: A mass or pillow of soft material., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cushion, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:03:47)
Cydippid (Definition: Free-swimming spherical larva, composed of a simple gastrovascular system and short comb-rows; resembles typical adult ctenophore (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Ruppert & Barnes, 1994)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cydippid, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 10 July 2015 11:42:14)
Cyphonautes (Definition: Free-swimming bryozoan larva, the body is triangular, compressed and enclosed in a bivalve shell (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cyphonautes, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 December 2015 13:29:22)
Cypris (Definition: Final lecithotrophic larval stage, characterized by bivalved carapace, compound eyes, prehensile antennules and thoraic appendages (cirri) (see Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cypris, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 June 2015 11:07:16)
Dabbling (Definition: Seabirds/waders?, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dabbling, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 11 November 2014 10:19:47)
Damage to marine structures or archaeology (Definition: Where the species degrades marine infrastructures or archaeological sites., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Damage to marine structures or archaeology, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:32:08)
DataDeficient (Definition: A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DataDeficient, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 4 December 2019 14:30:37)
DeOxygenationTolerance (Definition: Min Value, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DeOxygenationTolerance, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 15:30:28)
Debris: transport of species on human generated debris (Definition: Where floating rafts of man-made materials become vectors for an invasive species., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Debris: transport of species on human generated debris, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:32:26)
Demersal (Definition: Living at or near the bottom of a sea or lake but having the capacity for active swimming (from Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Demersal, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 14:38:43)
Dependancy (Definition: Description of an organism's relationship with other organisms, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dependancy, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:38:38)
DepositFeeder (Definition: An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within or on the substratum (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepositFeeder, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:20:57)
Detected in invasion pathway (Definition: Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detected in invasion pathway, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:32:46)
Detected in the wild (Definition: Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detected in the wild, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 11:33:20)
Detritivore (Definition: An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter (detritus) (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detritivore, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 22 May 2015 13:30:36)
Diameter (Definition: The length of a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.

Note: For diameter you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diameter, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 June 2016 11:47:57)

DiapauseStage (Definition: Description of dormant stage, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DiapauseStage, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:44:46)
- AdultDiapause (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultDiapause, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 6 May 2015 10:33:00)
Diel (Definition: Daily, pertaining to a 24 hour period., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diel, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 16:10:06)
Diplontic (Definition: A life cycle characterized by a diploid adult stage producing haploid gametes by meiosis, the zygote forming by fusion of a pair of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diplontic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 2 June 2015 14:54:40)
Dipping (Definition: seabird specific?, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dipping, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:49:35)
- AerialDipping (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialDipping, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 July 2015 15:46:43)
- ContactDipping (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ContactDipping, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 15 July 2015 15:47:55)
- DippingToSurface (URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DippingToSurface, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:26:01)
DirectDevelopment (Definition: Development without a larval stage, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DirectDevelopment, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:19:31)
DispersalPotential (Definition: Potential for dispersal provided by one or more larval/juvenile stages, recorded in m, km., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DispersalPotential, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 3 June 2015 11:53:38)
DispersalPotentialAdult (Definition: The distance over which the adult organism is able to roam, travel or disperse; the greatest potnetial or recorded distance. Does not acknowledge limitations due to geography, hydrography, or behavioural (territorial) constraints., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DispersalPotentialAdult, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 12:07:55)
Distribution Descriptors (Definition: Fields and traits that describe the distribution of the species., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Distribution Descriptors, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 27 July 2015 14:06:39)
- Depth (Definition: Maximum recorded depth below chart datum (expressed in metres)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Depth, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 14:09:35)
  - DepthRange (Definition: Maximum to minimum recorded depth (expressed as metres below chart datum)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepthRange, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 13:53:45)
  - DepthSubstratum (Definition: The depth within the substratum at which the organism is found (max recorded in metres)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepthSubstratum, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 30 June 2015 13:56:29)
Diving (Definition: Seabird specific?, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diving, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:49:57)
Doliolaria (Definition: Second free-swimming larvae (after the auricularia) in the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a series of flagellated rings around a barrel-shaped body (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Doliolaria, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 June 2015 11:42:29)
DownwardConveyor (Definition: Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically heads-up at the surface, and that ingest particles at the surface and egest them as faeces at depth in the sediment (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DownwardConveyor, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 28 May 2015 08:51:52)
Drifter (Definition: An organism whose movement is dependent on wind or water currents (e.g. Aurelia)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Drifter, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 15:46:22)
- BallooningKiting (Definition: Use of a length of silk to be carried by the wind (e.g. spiders), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BallooningKiting, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:46:51)
- Bysso-Pelagic (Definition: Use of a length of byssus thread (e.g. micro-molluscs, juvenile molluscs) or mucus (e.g Nemertesia planulae) to be carried by water flow, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bysso-Pelagic, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 15:48:11)
DrivingFishForward (Definition: seabird, cetaceans?, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DrivingFishForward, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:50:23)
Echinopluteus (Definition: Free-swimming larva of Echinoidea, distinguished by six pairs of arms, supported by skeletal rods (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Echinopluteus, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 23 June 2015 11:47:03)
Ecological Descriptors (Definition: Collection of traits relating to species ecology, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ecological Descriptors, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 26 September 2014 12:39:07)
- BodyForm (Definition: Traits relating to the form, shape and structure of the species, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyForm, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:08:56)
  - BodyShape (Definition: Overall shape of the individual or colony (modular forms), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyShape, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:09:33)
    - AnchorShaped (Definition: E.g. Ceratium spp., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchorShaped, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 10:32:44)
    - Articulate (Definition: Jointed, arthrous (Holmes, 1979)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Articulate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:21:49)
    - Bivalved (Definition: Characteristically a shell of two calcareous valves joined by a flexible ligament., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivalved, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:22:17)
    - BodyAccretion (Definition: Build up or accumulation of sediment., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAccretion, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:22:58)
    - BodyAlgalGravel (Definition: Maerl; twig-like unattached (free-living) calcareous red algae, often a mixture of species and including species which form a spiky cover on loose small stones - 'hedgehog stones'., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAlgalGravel, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 10:35:40)
    - BullateSaccate (Definition: Balloon or sac-like (Prescott, 1969)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BullateSaccate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:23:09)
    - CapitateClubbed (Definition: Enlarged or swollen at the apex, with a ‘head’, clubbed (Prescott, 1969)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CapitateClubbed, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 10:36:25)
    - Chains (Definition: Forming chains of individuals, URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chains, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:23:51)
    - Clathrate (Definition: Latticed (Holmes, 1979)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clathrate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:24:01)
    - ConeHalfSphere (Definition: Cone with a half sphere (Olenina et al., 2006)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ConeHalfSphere, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 11:16:10)
    - Conical (Definition: Cone shaped e.g. limpet-shaped, patelliform (adapted from Stachowitsch, 1992)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Conical, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 10:44:43)
    - Cylindrical (Definition: With straight sides and a circular section (Thompson, 1995)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cylindrical, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:24:49)
    - Dendroid (Definition: Branching irregularly – similar to that of a root system (Prescott, 1969)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dendroid, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:28:03)
    - Digitate (Definition: Having parts arranged like fingers on a hand (Holmes, 1979)., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Digitate, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 7 November 2014 17:28:44)
    - DoubleCone (Definition: Double cone (Olenina et al., 2006), URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DoubleCone, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 14 May 2015 11:17:04)
- EcologicalInteraction (Definition: Traits relating to how a species interacts with it's surrounding environment and other associated species., URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.: http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EcologicalInteraction, Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.: 29 July 2015 11:55:41)

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	Definition	URL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.	Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.
Absent	Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Absent	6 May 2015 11:25:24
Abundance	Abundance and population trends of species populations have been recorded where this information was available.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abundance	6 May 2015 12:07:34
AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals	Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals	5 December 2019 10:57:20
Abyssobenthic	Occupying the ocean floor from ca 4000 - 6000 m depth. Usually a more or less flat plain (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssobenthic	28 May 2015 14:13:11
Abyssopelagic	Overlays the plains of the major ocean basins with a lower boundary of ca 6000 m.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssopelagic	29 May 2015 15:24:39
AccessoryFeedingStructures	Other structures such as palps, tentacles or a radiolar crown ("grooved palps"). There are forms of single pair of grooved palps nearly always attached dorsally or near the junction of the prostomium and peristomium, or multiple grooved palps sometimes forming a crown. Dorso lateral ciliated folds in the roof of the buccal cavity may be present in some polychaetes.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AccessoryFeedingStructures	28 May 2015 11:45:52
Accretion	An organism that constructs reefs or raised beds of accreted materials, e.g. bound sand in Sabellaria spp.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Accretion	14 May 2015 16:31:09
Actinula	Crawling larval stage of some hydoids (amend)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Actinula	30 June 2015 09:36:37
Adult	The reproductively capable (mature), fully formed, usually longest lived, stage of an animals life cycle.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adult	1 July 2015 09:49:35
AdultBody	Attached or stuck to adult but not held in specialised appendage / receptacle	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBody	3 June 2015 11:09:11
AdultBurrow	Eggs are placed or retained within the parents burrow	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBurrow	3 June 2015 11:07:44
AdultDiapause		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultDiapause	6 May 2015 10:33:00
Adverse habitat modification	Where the species physically alters the nature of the strata/habitat.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adverse habitat modification	6 May 2015 11:26:11
AerialDipping		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialDipping	15 July 2015 15:46:43
AerialHawking		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialHawking	15 July 2015 15:50:21
AgeAtMaturity	Age recorded in days, months, years.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AgeAtMaturity	3 June 2015 10:58:08
Aggregations	An organism that constructs reefs and raised beds due to aggregation of large numbers of individuals via permanent or semi-permanent attachment e.g. mussels, oysters and Crepidula beds.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aggregations	14 May 2015 16:32:11
AlgalGravel	Constructs deep beds of calcareous algal nodules, e.g. maerl beds	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlgalGravel	14 May 2015 16:27:34
Alien	Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alien	15 September 2015 14:55:39
AlphaHaline	36-40 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaHaline	1 June 2015 11:16:34
AlphaMesohaline	10-<18 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaMesohaline	1 June 2015 11:06:44
AlphaOligohaline	3-<5 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaOligohaline	1 June 2015 11:10:09
AlphaPolyhaline	25-<30 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaPolyhaline	1 June 2015 11:13:00
AlternationOfGenerations	The alternation of generations, in the life cycle of an organism, that exhibit different modes of reproduction; typically sexual (diploid) and asexual (haploid) phases. Also termed metagenesis (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Daphnia, some rotifers)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlternationOfGenerations	27 July 2015 13:56:14
Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles	Where the species alters the nature of chemical or water cycles.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles	6 May 2015 11:26:46
Alters trophic interactions	Where the species alters food web dynamics.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters trophic interactions	6 May 2015 11:27:40
Ambusher	Sedentary or sessile predators, that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures (e.g. sea anemones, large hydroids, spiders)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ambusher	28 May 2015 09:54:50
AmorphousCaCO3	calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AmorphousCaCO3	23 February 2017 14:03:46
Amphiblastula	A poriferan larva, composed of a hollow ball of cells, with one hemisphere ciliated (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Amphiblastula	30 June 2015 09:39:28
AnchialineCaves	Coastal salt water habitats with no surface connection to the sea.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchialineCaves	8 July 2015 09:13:39
AnchorShaped	E.g. Ceratium spp.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchorShaped	14 May 2015 10:32:44
Anisogamous	Having flagellate gametes of different size, shape or behaviour (from Bold, 1977 and Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Anisogamous	3 June 2015 09:44:08
AnnualEpisodic	Breeds every year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualEpisodic	3 June 2015 10:43:05
AnnualProtracted	Breeds every year over an extended or drawn out period.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualProtracted	3 June 2015 10:43:30
ApomicticParthenogenesis	Reproduction via single cells /eggs that are derived by mitosis (Barnes et al., 1993) - amictic.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ApomicticParthenogenesis	17 July 2015 13:41:07
AppendagesPaddles	Swimming is effected one or more pairs of appendages (legs or paddles) e.g. the pleiopods of Isopod, Amphipod or Decapod crustaceans, or the legs of amphibious vertebrates.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AppendagesPaddles	29 July 2015 12:09:07
Aquaculture: accidental	Alien and potentially invasive species that have accidentally escaped from containment/ aquaculture facility into the wild.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: accidental	6 May 2015 11:28:28
Aquaculture: deliberate	Alien and potentially invasive species that have been intentionally introduced for aquaculture.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: deliberate	6 May 2015 12:02:20
Aquatic transport	Where the species alters boat traffic or impedes ability of boats to navigate waterways.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquatic transport	6 May 2015 11:28:50
Aragonite	a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aragonite	23 January 2017 12:27:43
ArborescentArbuscular	Having the shape or characteristics of a tree.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArborescentArbuscular	7 November 2014 16:52:20
AristolesLantern	Specialist - sea urchins	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AristolesLantern	28 May 2015 10:25:26
ArmsAppendages	Traits that describe specialized limbs or appendages used to catch or process food items.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArmsAppendages	28 May 2015 10:30:14
Arrhenotoky	Haploid males develop from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs (adapted from Lincoln 'et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Arrhenotoky	3 June 2015 09:02:12
Articulate	Jointed, arthrous (Holmes, 1979).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Articulate	7 November 2014 17:21:49
Artificial	E.g. wood, metal or concrete structures.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Artificial	6 May 2015 14:27:41
AscidianTadpole	A free-swimming tadpole-like larva of ascidians, characterized by a head (bearing internal organs and adhesive papilla) and tail (with notochord and neural tube) (Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AscidianTadpole	30 June 2015 09:43:37
AsexualReproduction	Reproduction not involving the exchange of genetic material, amictic, individuals derived form a single parent (Barnes et al., 2006); not involving the fusion of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AsexualReproduction	2 June 2015 15:21:43
AttachedSediment	Attached to the sediment surface e.g. by mucilagenous sheath such as used by necklace shells, and opistobranchs	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AttachedSediment	3 June 2015 11:10:01
Auricularia	First free-swimming larval stage of the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a continuous and curving flagellated band (Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Auricularia	23 June 2015 11:29:40
AutomicticParthenogenesis	Obligate self-fertilization (Lincoln et al., 1998) in which haploid eggs /gametes are produced by meiosis but diploidy is restored without fertilization.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AutomicticParthenogenesis	3 June 2015 09:18:00
Autotroph	Self-feeding. An organism capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Autotroph	29 July 2015 11:29:51
BallooningKiting	Use of a length of silk to be carried by the wind (e.g. spiders)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BallooningKiting	29 July 2015 11:46:51
Bathybenthic	Occupying the ocean floor from ca 200 - 4000 m depth (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathybenthic	28 May 2015 14:13:46
Bathylpelagic	Extends from ca 1000-2500 m.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathylpelagic	29 May 2015 15:28:15
Beak	e.g. birds / cephalopods	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Beak	7 November 2014 15:25:54
BedForming	An organism that lives in large aggregations or beds (e.g. brittlestars, mussels, oysters, Crepidula etc, sea squirts)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BedForming	14 May 2015 16:27:00
Bedrock	Any stable hard substratum, not separated into boulders or smaller sediment units. Includes soft rock-types such as chalk, peat and clay. (Hiscock et al., 1999; MarLIN)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bedrock	1 June 2015 14:23:02
Benthic	Pertaining to the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthic	8 July 2015 09:13:52
Benthopelagic	A zone of open water extending ca 100 m above the surface of the sea bed at all depths below the edge of the continental shelf.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthopelagic	6 May 2015 14:29:07
BetaHaline	30-36 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaHaline	1 June 2015 11:17:21
BetaMesohaline	5-<10 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaMesohaline	1 June 2015 11:08:05
BetaOligohaline	0.5-<3 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaOligohaline	1 June 2015 11:10:41
BetaPolyhaline	18-<25 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaPolyhaline	1 June 2015 11:13:49
Biannual	Breeds less frequently than every two years.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biannual	6 May 2015 08:12:42
BiannualEpisodic	Breeds every second year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualEpisodic	3 June 2015 10:43:56
BiannualProtracted	Breeds once every two years over an extended or drawn out period.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualProtracted	3 June 2015 10:44:16
Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release	Where an introduction of a bio-control agent results in an unintentional introduction of an invasive species (which is carried directly on the bio-control agent itself or along with habitat material associated with the bio-control agent).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release	6 May 2015 11:29:12
Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent	Where a species (i.e. a bio-control agent) introduced to control a pest, weed or invasive species becomes a problem itself.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent	6 May 2015 11:29:27
Biodiffusor	Organisms whose activities that cause constant and random local sediment biomixing over short distances resulting in transport of sediment particles, analogous to molecular or eddy diffusion (from Kristensen et al., 2012). Includes epifaunal biodiffusers e.g. fiddler crabs; surficial biodiffusers e.g. Echinocardium; and gallery biodiffusers e.g. Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biodiffusor	28 May 2015 08:51:18
Biogenic	Habitat features created by living things	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biogenic	29 July 2015 11:56:51
BiogenicReef	An elevated structure on the seabed built by calcareous or other concretion-forming organisms, or by chemical precipitation (Hiscock, 1996); for example by Modiolus modiolus or Sabellaria alveolata	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiogenicReef	2 June 2015 13:08:16
Biological Descriptors		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biological Descriptors	4 May 2015 11:03:36
Bipinnaria	First of the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by a ciliary band and the presence of arm-like projections (Stachowitsch, 1992; Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bipinnaria	15 December 2015 13:27:03
BirdsDirective	Europe is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirective	5 December 2019 09:26:15
BirdsDirectiveAnnex1	194 species and sub-species are particularly threatened. Member States must designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for their survival and all migratory bird species.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex1	5 December 2019 09:19:31
BirdsDirectiveAnnex2	82 bird species can be hunted. However, the hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most vulnerable: during their return migration to nesting areas, reproduction and the raising of their chicks.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex2	5 December 2019 09:21:19
BirdsDirectiveAnnex3	Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex3	5 December 2019 09:22:35
BirdsDirectiveAnnex4	The directive provides for the sustainable management of hunting but Member States must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing of birds, especially the methods listed in this annex.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex4	5 December 2019 09:23:52
BirdsDirectiveAnnex5	The directive promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the Directive, which are listed in this annex.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex5	5 December 2019 09:25:07
BitingMacerating	Mouth parts designed to grasp and macerate food before swallowing (e.g. most vertebrates)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingMacerating	28 May 2015 11:31:36
BitingPiercing	Mouth parts designed to pierce outside of food or prey and feed on internal fluids or tissues	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingPiercing	28 May 2015 11:30:38
Bivalved	Characteristically a shell of two calcareous valves joined by a flexible ligament.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivalved	7 November 2014 17:22:17
Bivoltine	Two generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivoltine	3 June 2015 10:45:55
BlindEndedVentilation	Organisms that live in 'I' or 'J' shaped burrows open at only one end where water is drawn through or diffuses out of the sediment e.g. Arenicola marina (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BlindEndedVentilation	28 May 2015 09:04:02
BodyAccretion	Build up or accumulation of sediment.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAccretion	7 November 2014 17:22:58
BodyAlgalGravel	Maerl; twig-like unattached (free-living) calcareous red algae, often a mixture of species and including species which form a spiky cover on loose small stones - 'hedgehog stones'.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAlgalGravel	14 May 2015 10:35:40
BodyForm	Traits relating to the form, shape and structure of the species	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyForm	29 July 2015 11:08:56
BodyShape	Overall shape of the individual or colony (modular forms)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyShape	29 July 2015 11:09:33
BodySize	A measurement of the size of the organism. Note - the measurement used to express body size varies within taxonomic groups. For example, some disciplines measure diameter, others carapace length, total body length or wing span. Also body size can vary with gender and life stage.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodySize	13 May 2015 12:02:06
Bodylength	Maximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bodylength	18 December 2019 13:23:16
Border Intercept	Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Border Intercept	6 May 2015 11:29:45
Brachioloaria	The second the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by the appearance of three adhesive arms at the anterior end (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brachioloaria	15 December 2015 13:27:40
Brackish		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brackish	6 May 2015 14:31:02
BrackishSalinity	0.5-<30 psu	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BrackishSalinity	1 June 2015 11:08:38
Broadcast	Both gametes are expelled (spawned) from the confines of the adult body or tissues, into the external fluid medium (water/air)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Broadcast	6 May 2015 08:41:17
BroodChamber	Eggs retained by adult, usually in specialised cavity/appendage where the eggs develop to larval or juvenile stage	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodChamber	3 June 2015 11:37:33
Brooding		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brooding	5 February 2020 11:24:52
BroodingBehaviour		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodingBehaviour	2 April 2020 13:19:45
Browser	Feeding on parts of plants (e.g. shoots, leaves, twigs) or parts of other organisms (e.g. siphon nipping by fish). (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Browser	29 July 2015 11:13:59
BuccalOrgansAbsent	The buccal cavity lacks obvious differentiation of the wall and it is not eversible. Some species if buccal cavity present at all, is only a transient larval structure and becomes completely occluded.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BuccalOrgansAbsent	28 May 2015 13:31:17
Budding	A form of asexual multiplication in which a new individual begins life as an outgrowth from the body of the parent. It may then separate to lead an independent existence or remain connected or otherwise associated to form a colonial organism (Barnes et al., 1993).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Budding	3 June 2015 11:10:56
BullateSaccate	Balloon or sac-like (Prescott, 1969).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BullateSaccate	7 November 2014 17:23:09
BurrowBuilder	An organism that constructs permanent or semi-permanent burrows through physical excavation or chemical action.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BurrowBuilder	29 July 2015 11:57:04
BurrowDweller	Occupies or shares space in burrow constructed by other organisms.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BurrowDweller	2 June 2015 13:11:34
Burrower	An organism that moves through the substratum by burrowing or tunneling (e.g. earthworms, polychaetes).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Burrower	14 May 2015 15:42:08
Bysso-Pelagic	Use of a length of byssus thread (e.g. micro-molluscs, juvenile molluscs) or mucus (e.g Nemertesia planulae) to be carried by water flow	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bysso-Pelagic	14 May 2015 15:48:11
CITES	CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Appendices I, II and III to the Convention are lists of species afforded different levels or types of protection from over-exploitation.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITES	5 December 2019 09:08:40
CITESAppendixI	Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants (see Article II, paragraph 1 of the Convention). They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (see Article III), for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re-export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixI	5 December 2019 08:08:16
CITESAppendixII	Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. It also includes so-called "look-alike species", i.e. species whose specimens in trade look like those of species listed for conservation reasons (see Article II, paragraph 2 of the Convention). International trade in specimens of Appendix-II species may be authorized by the granting of an export permit or re-export certificate. No import permit is necessary for these species under CITES (although a permit is needed in some countries that have taken stricter measures than CITES requires). Permits or certificates should only be granted if the relevant authorities are satisfied that certain conditions are met, above all that trade will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. (See Article IV of the Convention)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixII	5 December 2019 08:09:31
CITESAppendixIII	Appendix III is a list of species included at the request of a Party that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation (see Article II, paragraph 3, of the Convention). International trade in specimens of species listed in this Appendix is allowed only on presentation of the appropriate permits or certificates. (See Article V of the Convention)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CITESAppendixIII	5 December 2019 08:10:32
Calcareous	An organism that constructs reefs or biogenic structures composed of the calcareous skeletons of individuals or colonies (e.g. corals)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcareous	20 January 2017 14:17:40
CalcareousSkeleton	Skeleton composed of calcareous spicules (sponges/echinoderms), plates, spines, bones or other structures	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CalcareousSkeleton	10 March 2017 13:48:46
Calcite	crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e. g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells and the skeletons of calcareous sponges.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Calcite	23 January 2017 12:28:39
Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals	Where a canal, by joining two bodies of water which were not originally naturally joined, becomes a conduit for invasive species migration to a new area/region.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals	6 May 2015 11:30:00
CapitateClubbed	Enlarged or swollen at the apex, with a ‘head’, clubbed (Prescott, 1969).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CapitateClubbed	14 May 2015 10:36:25
Captacula	specialist - scaphopods	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Captacula	7 November 2014 15:20:38
Carnivore	An organism that feeds on animal tissue/meat.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Carnivore	7 December 2015 15:29:25
Cave	A hollow normally eroded in a cliff (or vertical rock) with the penetration being greater than the width of the entrance (Hiscock, 1996).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cave	17 July 2015 13:46:45
CementedAttached	The surface or body part to which eggs are attached by the parent	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CementedAttached	3 June 2015 11:08:47
CephalicSpines	specialist - chaetognaths	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CephalicSpines	15 July 2015 16:02:51
Chains	Forming chains of individuals	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chains	7 November 2014 17:23:51
ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay	Common in OSPAR Region IV	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangeInAverageTrophicLevelOfMarinePredatorsInTheBayOfBiscay	5 December 2019 12:52:48
ChangesInBiodiversityIndex	Common in OSPAR Region III	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangesInBiodiversityIndex	5 December 2019 12:45:39
ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio	Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ChangesInPlanktonFunctionalTypesIndexRatio	5 December 2019 12:16:13
Chemoautotroph	An organism that obtains metabolic energy from oxidation of inorganic substrates such as sulphur, nitrogen or iron (e.g. some micro-organisms) (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chemoautotroph	22 May 2015 13:28:34
Chitinous	composed of chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. It is the chief polysaccharide in fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of arthropods (derived form Lawrence, 2005).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Chitinous	14 March 2017 08:07:51
Choanocytes	Special feeding cell of sponges	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Choanocytes	7 November 2014 14:38:34
CiliaFlagella	Swimming is effected by beating of cilia and or flagella; includes the fused cilia of Ctenophores.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CiliaFlagella	29 July 2015 12:09:38
Circalittoral	The subzone of the rocky sublittoral below that dominated by algae (the infralittoral), and dominated by animals. No lower limit is defined, but species composition changes below about 40m to 80m depth, depending on depth of the seasonal thermocline. This subzone can be subdivided into the upper circalittoral where foliose algae are present and the lower circalittoral where they are not (see Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to two étages of the sediment benthos below the infralittoral: a "coastal circalittoral category with a eurythermal environment of weak seasonal amplitude (less than 10°C) varying slowly" and a "circalittoral category of the open sea with a stenothermal environment" (Hiscock, 1996).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Circalittoral	6 May 2015 14:31:55
CircalittoralOffshore	Typically occurs below 50-70 metres away from the influence of wave action. Aphotic with animal communities in stable or stenothermal and stenohaline conditions. Open sea (Connor et al., 1997).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CircalittoralOffshore	28 May 2015 15:28:34
Clathrate	Latticed (Holmes, 1979).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clathrate	7 November 2014 17:24:01
Clawed	e.g. Mammals	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clawed	7 November 2014 15:04:04
Clay	1) Sediment particles less than 0.004 mm in size (Wentworth, 1922). 2) A soft very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles (Hiscock, 1996).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Clay	1 June 2015 14:53:05
ClutchSize	Number of eggs laid at one time - in organisms that may lay eggs in one or more batches.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ClutchSize	3 June 2015 11:02:09
CoarseCleanSand	1) Particle size 0.5 - 4 mm (Hiscock, 1996)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoarseCleanSand	2 June 2015 10:59:36
CoarseSediments	Sediments composed of gravel and sand; inc. gravel, gravelly sand and sandy gravel (Long, 2006)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoarseSediments	1 June 2015 15:53:20
Cobbles	64-256 mm. May be rounded or flat. Substrata that are predominantly cobbles.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cobbles	1 June 2015 16:39:14
Colonial (e.g. sea birds)	Organisms that come together in large colonies (100 plus individuals) - often in the same area from season to season - usually for breeding purposes	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Colonial (e.g. sea birds)	20 May 2015 16:15:20
Commensal (with/on/in)	Symbiosis (q.v.) in which one species derives benefit from a common food supply, whilst the other species is not adversely affected (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Commensal (with/on/in)	20 May 2015 16:04:37
Common	A species with is abundant or present at moderate or relatively moderate densities.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Common	6 May 2015 11:31:01
Common to dominant	A species which is found in relatively moderate to high densities (accounts for non-discrete nature of abundance terms/parameters described here).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Common to dominant	6 May 2015 11:31:25
Conaria	Early larval stage in siphonophores, composed of a floating colony with disc-shaped float, and consists of a hollow sphere with aboral thickening (Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Conaria	30 June 2015 09:00:53
ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities	Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ConditionOfBenthicHabitatCommunities	5 December 2019 12:10:26
ConeHalfSphere	Cone with a half sphere (Olenina et al., 2006).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ConeHalfSphere	14 May 2015 11:16:10
Conical	Cone shaped e.g. limpet-shaped, patelliform (adapted from Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Conical	14 May 2015 10:44:43
Consumes native species (predator or herbivore)	Where the species preys on native fauna or grazes on native flora.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Consumes native species (predator or herbivore)	6 May 2015 11:31:45
ContactDipping		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ContactDipping	15 July 2015 15:47:55
Copepodid	Free swimming larval stage, typically with five sub-stages, characterized by excretion through maxillary glands, and progressive increase in number of body segments and posterior appendages (see Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Copepodid	23 June 2015 11:41:29
CoralSands	Deposition of sands formed by the breakdown to the skeletons of living organisms	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CoralSands	14 May 2015 15:01:16
Coronate	Free-swimming, lecithotrophic larva of Bryozoa	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Coronate	30 June 2015 11:35:59
CrawlerWalkerClimber	An organism that moves across, up or down the substratum via movements of its legs, appendages or muscles (e.g. Carcinus).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrawlerWalkerClimber	29 July 2015 11:45:16
Creeper	An organism that moves slowly or 'creeps' across the surface of the substratum	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Creeper	14 May 2015 15:45:52
CrevicesFissures	A narrow crack in hard substratum where penetration is deeper than the width at the entrance; a crevice is <10 mm wide at the entrance, while a fissure is >10 mm (Hiscock ,1996)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrevicesFissures	2 June 2015 13:42:48
CriticallyEndangered	A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CriticallyEndangered	4 December 2019 14:25:47
Cruising	copepod / zooplankton specific??	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cruising	7 November 2014 12:50:31
CrustoseHard	Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that is solid or resistant to touch or pressure e.g. encrusting coralline algae or sea mats such as Umbonula littoralis.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrustoseHard	14 May 2015 11:34:23
CrustoseSoft	Forming or resembling a crust (Thompson, 1995) that yields to the touch or pressure e.g. the gelatinous colonies of Botryllus schlosseri or soft cushions of sponges such as Halichondria sp.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:CrustoseSoft	14 May 2015 11:35:09
Ctenidia	e.g bivalve molluscs	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ctenidia	7 November 2014 14:54:55
Cushion	A mass or pillow of soft material.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cushion	7 November 2014 17:03:47
Cydippid	Free-swimming spherical larva, composed of a simple gastrovascular system and short comb-rows; resembles typical adult ctenophore (see Stachowitsch, 1992, Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cydippid	10 July 2015 11:42:14
Cylindrical	With straight sides and a circular section (Thompson, 1995).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cylindrical	7 November 2014 17:24:49
Cyphonautes	Free-swimming bryozoan larva, the body is triangular, compressed and enclosed in a bivalve shell (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cyphonautes	15 December 2015 13:29:22
Cypris	Final lecithotrophic larval stage, characterized by bivalved carapace, compound eyes, prehensile antennules and thoraic appendages (cirri) (see Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Cypris	23 June 2015 11:07:16
Dabbling	Seabirds/waders?	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dabbling	11 November 2014 10:19:47
Damage to marine structures or archaeology	Where the species degrades marine infrastructures or archaeological sites.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Damage to marine structures or archaeology	6 May 2015 11:32:08
DataDeficient	A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DataDeficient	4 December 2019 14:30:37
DeOxygenationTolerance	Min Value	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DeOxygenationTolerance	7 November 2014 15:30:28
Debris: transport of species on human generated debris	Where floating rafts of man-made materials become vectors for an invasive species.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Debris: transport of species on human generated debris	6 May 2015 11:32:26
Demersal	Living at or near the bottom of a sea or lake but having the capacity for active swimming (from Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Demersal	30 June 2015 14:38:43
Dendroid	Branching irregularly – similar to that of a root system (Prescott, 1969).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dendroid	7 November 2014 17:28:03
Dependancy	Description of an organism's relationship with other organisms	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dependancy	29 July 2015 11:38:38
DepositFeeder	An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter within or on the substratum (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepositFeeder	29 July 2015 11:20:57
Depth	Maximum recorded depth below chart datum (expressed in metres).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Depth	28 May 2015 14:09:35
DepthRange	Maximum to minimum recorded depth (expressed as metres below chart datum).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepthRange	30 June 2015 13:53:45
DepthSubstratum	The depth within the substratum at which the organism is found (max recorded in metres).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DepthSubstratum	30 June 2015 13:56:29
Detected in invasion pathway	Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detected in invasion pathway	6 May 2015 11:32:46
Detected in the wild	Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detected in the wild	6 May 2015 11:33:20
Detritivore	An organism that feeds on fragmented particulate organic matter (detritus) (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Detritivore	22 May 2015 13:30:36
Diameter	The length of a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere. Note: For diameter you can specify the measurement type (minimum, maximum, average), gender (male, female) and life stage.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diameter	7 June 2016 11:47:57
DiapauseStage	Description of dormant stage	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DiapauseStage	3 June 2015 11:44:46
Diel	Daily, pertaining to a 24 hour period.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diel	7 November 2014 16:10:06
Digitate	Having parts arranged like fingers on a hand (Holmes, 1979).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Digitate	7 November 2014 17:28:44
Diplontic	A life cycle characterized by a diploid adult stage producing haploid gametes by meiosis, the zygote forming by fusion of a pair of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diplontic	2 June 2015 14:54:40
Dipping	seabird specific?	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dipping	29 July 2015 11:49:35
DippingToSurface		http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DippingToSurface	29 July 2015 11:26:01
DirectDevelopment	Development without a larval stage	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DirectDevelopment	3 June 2015 11:19:31
DispersalPotential	Potential for dispersal provided by one or more larval/juvenile stages, recorded in m, km.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DispersalPotential	3 June 2015 11:53:38
DispersalPotentialAdult	The distance over which the adult organism is able to roam, travel or disperse; the greatest potnetial or recorded distance. Does not acknowledge limitations due to geography, hydrography, or behavioural (territorial) constraints.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DispersalPotentialAdult	29 July 2015 12:07:55
Distribution Descriptors	Fields and traits that describe the distribution of the species.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Distribution Descriptors	27 July 2015 14:06:39
Diving	Seabird specific?	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Diving	29 July 2015 11:49:57
Doliolaria	Second free-swimming larvae (after the auricularia) in the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a series of flagellated rings around a barrel-shaped body (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Doliolaria	23 June 2015 11:42:29
Dominant	A species which is very abundant or present at high densities or relatively high densities.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Dominant	6 May 2015 11:38:57
DoubleCone	Double cone (Olenina et al., 2006)	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DoubleCone	14 May 2015 11:17:04
DownwardConveyor	Organisms that live vertically in the sediment, typically heads-up at the surface, and that ingest particles at the surface and egest them as faeces at depth in the sediment (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DownwardConveyor	28 May 2015 08:51:52
Drifter	An organism whose movement is dependent on wind or water currents (e.g. Aurelia).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Drifter	14 May 2015 15:46:22
DrivingFishForward	seabird, cetaceans?	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:DrivingFishForward	29 July 2015 11:50:23
Echinopluteus	Free-swimming larva of Echinoidea, distinguished by six pairs of arms, supported by skeletal rods (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Echinopluteus	23 June 2015 11:47:03
Ecological Descriptors	Collection of traits relating to species ecology	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ecological Descriptors	26 September 2014 12:39:07
EcologicalInteraction	Traits relating to how a species interacts with it's surrounding environment and other associated species.	http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EcologicalInteraction	29 July 2015 11:55:41
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